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Acta Cryst. (2012). A68, 30-39 [ doi:10.1107/S0108767311039985 ] Disputed discovery: the beginnings of X-ray diffraction in crystals in 1912 and its repercussionsM. EckertThe discovery of X-ray diffraction by crystals in 1912 was motivated by misapprehensions. Max von Laue expected an interference of characteristic X-rays emitted by the crystal atoms. The ensuing experiments by W.H. and W.L. Bragg clarified the phenomenon, although they too started from erroneous assumptions about the nature of X-rays. The discovery and its application for X-ray crystallography received a swift recognition by the Nobel awards to Laue and the Braggs in 1914 and 1915, respectively, but the circumstances of the discovery remained the subject of dispute. | ![]() Max von Laue (1879–1960) with diffraction patterns obtained from crystals of copper sulfate (top left) and zinc blende (bottom right), and the experimental setup used [W. Friedrich, P. Knipping & M. Laue (1912). Sitzungsber. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. pp. 303–322]. | |
Acta Cryst. (2012). B68, 24-33 [ doi:10.1107/S0108768111054061 ] Structure maps for AI4AII6(BO4)6X2 apatite compounds via data miningP. V. Balachandran and K. RajanThe paper describes a novel approach based solely on data mining methods to discover crystallographic relationships that provide new classification patterns in complex apatite structures associated with site occupancy. This work shows how new structure maps for classification of crystal chemistries can be developed without any a priori assumption of what factors govern that classification; and in the process uncover new and unexpected chemistry–structure relationships. More generically this study provides a template for a data driven, “genomic” style strategy for materials design and discovery. | ![]() A new structure map for apatites defined using the two key bond distortion angles, AII and AIz = 0AI-O1. | |
Acta Cryst. (2012). C68, m48-m52 [ doi:10.1107/S0108270112000601 ] 1-Ferrocenylmethyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-1H-imidazolidin-3-ium iodide and trans-bis(3-benzyl-1-ferrocenylmethyl-1H-imidazolidin-2-ylidene)diiodidopalladium(II)J.-C. Daran, F. Demirhan, Ö. Yildirim and B. ÇetinkayaFormula: [Fe(C5H5)(C19H24N2)]I and [Fe2Pd(C5H5)2(C16H17N2)2I2] N-Heterocyclic carbenes are compatible with most transition metals and generally lead to air-stable and thermally robust complexes that do not undergo ligand dissociation. They have shown great potential in homogeneous catalysis. In this field, we report here the crystal structures of [Fe(C5H5)(C19H24N2)]I, (I), and trans-[Fe2Pd(C5H5)2(C16H17N2)2I2], (II). Compound (I) has two iodide anions and two imidazolidinium cations within the asymmetric unit (Z' = 2). The two cations have distinctly different conformations, with the ferrocene groups orientated exo and endo with respect to the N-heterocyclic carbene. Compound (I) can be shown to act as an anion receptor and is used in preparing chiral carbene ligands and their complexes. In complex (II), the ferrocenylmethyl group acts as a pendant group on the N atom of imidazolidin-2-ylidene and shows square-planar coordination around the PdII metal, which is located on an inversion centre (Z' = 0.5). The ferrocene and benzyl substituents are in a trans–anti arrangement. | ![]() | |
Acta Cryst. (2012). D68, 35-41 [ doi:10.1107/S0907444911048402 ] Rapid visualization of hydrogen positions in protein neutron crystallographic structuresP. Munshi, S.-L. Chung, M. P. Blakeley, K. L. Weiss, D. A. A. Myles and F. MeilleurAlthough hydrogen atoms are difficult to locate using X-ray crystallography, with neutron crystallography the deuterium isotope can be readily visualized. Neutron analysis, however, has been limited by a number of technical challenges, such as prohibitively long data-collection times. Recent developments in instrumentation and deuterium labeling have dramatically increased the speed of data collection, as illustrated here by the structure of rubredoxin to 1.75 Å resolution, refined against neutron data collected in 14 h and revealing over 70% of deuteron positions without ambiguity. | ![]() | |
Acta Cryst. (2012). E68, o526-o527 [ doi:10.1107/S1600536812002206 ] (3R,4S,5S,8S,10R,13R)-3-Hydroxykaura-9(11),16-dien-18-oic acidK. D. Beattie, M. M. Bhadbhade, D. C. Craig and D. N. LeachThe title compound was isolated during our investigation into the chemical composition and bioactive constituents of Centipeda cunninghamii (Asteraceae), an Australian Aboriginal traditional medicine. The ent-kaurane possesses a carbon skeleton composed of three six- and one five-membered rings in a chair, twist-boat, half-chair and envelope conformation, respectively. Previous studies have established a relationship between the solution and crystal conformation of this structure class. The absolute stereochemistry of the enantiopure diterpene was established from the optical rotation measurements and comparison to the closely related grandiflorenic acid. | ![]() | |
Acta Cryst. (2012). F68, 8-13 [ doi:10.1107/S174430911104807X ] Structure of CBM3b of the major cellulosomal scaffoldin subunit ScaA from Acetivibrio cellulolyticusO. Yaniv, Y. Halfon, L. J. W. Shimon, E. A. Bayer, R. Lamed and F. FrolowSelected anaerobic bacteria produce a multienzyme cellulosome complex that degrades cellulose. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) target these cellulolytic protein complexes to the cellulose substrate. The binding interaction is driven by a characteristic pattern of aromatic side chains and salt bridges located on a planar surface of the CBM. The structure of the CBM3b from Acetivibrio cellulolyticus reveals a particularly compact interacting region consisting of only four amino-acid residues. | ![]() Planar face of the CBM3b module from the cellulosome of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. Cellulose-binding residues are indicated. | |
J. Appl. Cryst. (2012). 45, 28-37 [ doi:10.1107/S0021889811044104 ] Quantification of passivation layer growth in inert anodes for molten salt electrochemistry by in situ energy-dispersive diffractionM. R. Rowles, M. J. Styles, I. C. Madsen, N. V. Y. Scarlett, K. McGregor, D. P. Riley, G. A. Snook, A. J. Urban, T. Connolley and C. ReinhardMolten-salt electrochemistry takes place in a hot, aggressive environment. An inert anode operating within such an environment – calcium chloride at 950 °C – has been studied using the high penetrating power of energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). Methodology for performing quantitative crystal-structure-based Rietveld analysis of EDXRD has been developed and applied to this experiment, and has shown the mechanism of change in the phase chemistry of the anode in real time, and under realistic operating conditions. The analysis methodology is generally applicable to any EDXRD data. | ![]() Accumulated EDXRD patterns of the inert anode as a function of electrolysis time. The main Magnéli (M) phases can be seen transforming into rutile (R). | |
J. Synchrotron Rad. (2012). 19, 60-65 [ doi:10.1107/S0909049511047042 ] Increase of lifespan for glioma-bearing rats by using minibeam radiation therapyY. Prezado, S. Sarun, S. Gil, P. Deman, A. Bouchet and G. Le DucA new radiotherapy technique, minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT), is under development at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. It combines submillimetric field sizes (500–700 m) and a spatial fractionation of dose, which leads to exceptional normal tissue dose tolerances. This might permit the use of potentially curative doses in some radioresistant tumors, like gliomas. This work reports a dose escalation study performed on 9L gliosarcoma-bearing rats. A factor of three gain in mean survival time paves the way for further exploration of different possibilities of MBRT. | ![]() Survival curves (as a function of time) of 9L gliosarcoma-bearing rats for different doses. The response of both the control rats (CTRL) and the rats receiving one fraction minibeam radiation therapy in unidirectional and interlaced configurations are shown. | |





S;
2S:S'-(triphenylphosphane-
P)palladium(II). Acta Cryst. E67, m1518. 















-form of chlorpropamide on cooling to 100 K. Acta Cryst. B67, 163-176. 













,7
,12
-tris(4-nitrobenzoyloxy)-5
-cholan-24-yl] disulfide-ethyl acetate-n-hexane (4/4/1). Acta Cryst. E67, o74-o75. 









2-6,6'-Dimethoxy-2,2'-[butane-1,4-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}trinitratocopper(II)neodymium(III). Acta Cryst. E66, m1423. 















-SrB4O7. Acta Cryst. E66, i48. 







-D-erythrofuranosyl)thymine. Acta Cryst. E66, o404. 







-spirostan-3
-yl acetate. Acta Cryst. E65, o2954-o2955. 




-phosphoglucomutase (TM1254) from Thermotoga maritima. Acta Cryst. F65, 1218-1221. 












-lactamase (AmpCD) from an Escherichia coli clinical isolate with a tripeptide deletion (Gly286-Ser287-Asp288) in the H10 helix. Acta Cryst. F65, 540-543. 




3-allyl)4Cl2(OH)2(CO)8: the first cubane-type Mo2+ organometallic complex with
3-OH and
3-Cl bridges. Acta Cryst. C65, m168-m170. 

5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(II). Acta Cryst. E65, m391. 















4N,N',N'',N'''}bis(trifluoromethanesulfanato-
O)copper(II). Acta Cryst. E64, m1435. 












-2 polymorphs of trans-mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols and related fully saturated triacylglycerols. Acta Cryst. B64, 240-248. 
'-2 polymorphs of trans-mono-unsaturated triacylglycerols and related saturated TAGs and their polymorphic stability. Acta Cryst. B64, 249-259. 









2-hydroxido-bis[dioxouranium(VI)]]-di-
2-2-pyridylacetato-
3O,N:O';
3O:O',N]. Acta Cryst. C64, m50-m52. 















3-1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzoisothiazole-3-thiolato-
3N:S3:S3)silver(I)]. Acta Cryst. C63, m395-m397. 

































2S,S')bismuth(III). Acta Cryst. E62, m2552-m2554. 






5-hydrogenphosphato-pentamolybdate(VI) tetrahydrate. Acta Cryst. C62, m355-m357. 





-GaPO4. Acta Cryst. A62, 1-10. 

















-tetraethoxyborato]. Acta Cryst. C61, m417-m418. 










5-cyclopentadienyl)tungstenio]indium. Acta Cryst. E61, m945-m946. 





-acetato-acetonitriletris(
-N,N'-diphenylformamidinato)diruthenium tetrafluoroborate dichloromethane hemisolvate. Acta Cryst. C61, m71-m73. 















-chloro-bis[dichloropalladium(II)]. Acta Cryst. C60, m426-m430. 

-Diphenylphosphido-
-hydrido-bis[carbonyl(
5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)]. Acta Cryst. E60, m1284-m1285. 









-ray and neutron diffraction studies of CoF2: magnetostriction, electron density and magnetic moments. Acta Cryst. A60, 51-57. 


Arg surface mutations on the crystallization of the globular domain of RhoGDI. Acta Cryst. D60, 275-280. 



-AlCrFe phase by electron crystallography. Acta Cryst. A59, 526-539. 




























O)zinc(II). Acta Cryst. C59, m18-m20. 

-
-Stacking and nitro-
-stacking interactions of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenyl-2,4-bis(phenylethynyl)butadiene. Acta Cryst. E59, o227-o229. 


-sheet structure formed by C-H
O hydrogen bonds between the thiazole rings and amide bonds of a dimeric desoxazoline ascidiacyclamide analogue. Acta Cryst. E57, o834-o838. 









C-terminal SH2-peptide complex. Acta Cryst. D57, 1397-1404. 





O hydrogen bond in urea-phosphoric acid (1/1). Acta Cryst. B57, 435-439. 



















-galactose and N-acetyllactosamine and a comparative study of carbohydrate binding in Gal/GalNAc-specific legume lectins. Acta Cryst. D55, 1375-1382. 











-oxo-bis[bis(bipyridine-N,N')manganese(III, IV)] Triperchlorate Bis(nitrobenzene) Hemihydrate. Acta Cryst. C54, 1797-1799. 






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