Figure 1
The three osmolytes investigated in this study: TMAO (pKa = 4.6–4.7; Lin & Timasheff, 1994; Qu, 2003), sarcosine (pKa = 2.2, 10.0; Dawson et al., 1959) and betaine (pKa = 1.8; Dawson et al., 1959). All are zwitterionic over nearly the whole pH range studied. |