Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807021332/hb2378sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807021332/hb2378Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 641724
Key indicators
- Single-crystal X-ray study
- T = 85 K
- Mean (C-C) = 0.002 Å
- R factor = 0.036
- wR factor = 0.105
- Data-to-parameter ratio = 14.6
checkCIF/PLATON results
No syntax errors found
Alert level C PLAT222_ALERT_3_C Large Non-Solvent H Ueq(max)/Ueq(min) ... 3.31 Ratio PLAT230_ALERT_2_C Hirshfeld Test Diff for O25 - C23 .. 5.75 su
0 ALERT level A = In general: serious problem 0 ALERT level B = Potentially serious problem 2 ALERT level C = Check and explain 0 ALERT level G = General alerts; check 0 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 1 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 1 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 0 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 0 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check
A catalytic amount of dry hydrogen chloride was introduced into the melt of levulinic acid (17.42 g, 0.15 mole) and meta-cresol (32.45 g, 0.30 mole). A brownish red mixture was left for 15 days at room temperature and poured on ice. An oily product was collected with ethyl ether and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was distilled in vacuum to remove unreacted substrates. A mixture of non-volatile components was dissolved in benzene and chromatographed on the short column (Kieselgel 60) using the benzene – izooctane 1:1 mixture as the eluent. Compound (III) was eluted first (6.02 g, 19%); m.p. 366–368 K (ethyl ether – n-hexane). The next fraction provided (I) as colourless prisms, m.p. 468–470 K. Crystallization from ethyl ether – benzene mixture gave crystals (8.03 g, 18%) suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. MS, m/z (int.): 296 (1, M+), 281 (4), 223 (100), 208 (4). IR (KBr): 3030 (aromatic protons); 2969, 2869, 2926 (aliphatic C — H stretching); 1706 (carbonyl band in carboxylic acid dimer); 1595m 1565, 1501 (skeletal vibrations); 860, 818, 806 (deformations of aromatic protons). 1H–NMR (CDCl3): 7.12, d 3J = 8.0 Hz, 2H (H-1, H-8); 6.80, dd 3J = 8.0 Hz, 4J = 1.2 Hz, 2H (H-2, H-7); 6.75, d 4J = 1.2 Hz, 2H (H-4, H-9); 2.24, s, 6H (methyl groups bonded to benzene rings); 2.11, m, 2H and 1.84, m, 2H (ethylene group on C-9); 1.58, s, 3H (methyl group on C-9). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): 180.0 (carboxyl group); 150.9 (C-12, C-13); 138.0 (C-3, C-6); 126.3 (C-1, C-8); 124.4 (C-2, C-7); 123.3 (C-11, C-14); 116.9 (C-4, C-5); 40.1 (C-6, methyl group); 36.8 (C-9); 32.5, 30.6 (C-1 and C-2, ethylene group); 21.1 (Ar – methyl groups).
From the last fraction small amounts of lactone (II) were isolated (m.p. 452–454 K) and traces of 4,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)- valeric acid (m.p. 448–450 K).
Condensation of phenol with levulinic acid or its ester, in the presence of an acidic catalyst, provides the corresponding bisphenolic acid (DPA) as the only product (Bader & Kontowicz, 1954; Yu & Day, 1958). Xanthene core of the (I) molecule is planar as in other 9,9–disubstituted xanthenes (Jacobs, et al., 2005). A roof–shaped structure, with the fold angle up to 14.2 (1)° was found in xanthene–9–carboxylic acid molecule (Blackburn, et al., 1996). The benzene rings of (I) are almost regular hexagons with the typical aromatic C — C bond lengths (1.395 (8) Å). The internal angles centred on C3, C6, C11 and C14 atoms i.e. those, which are bonded to tetrahedral carbons, have lower value (lowest 116.00 (10)° largest 117.99 (10)) than expected 120°. The deformation is greater than expected (Δα = - 1.9°) for any electron releasing substituent (Domenicano, 1992). The O10 and C9 atoms are situated almost exactly in the plane of neighbour benzene rings; the deviations from the plane of four angular atoms are 0.043Å (O10) and 0.029 Å (C9). The geometry of pyrane ring can be described as the flat boat conformation. The internal C11 — C9 — C14 angle (109.65 (9)°) corresponds to the tetrahedral hybridization of C9 atom. The oxygen atom is more flexible member of the ring, the angle centred on O10 (118.48 (8)°) makes the pyrane ring nearly regular. The C — O bond length (1.381 (1) Å) is the same as in open diaryl ethers (Allen et al., 1995). The C26 — C9 — C21 plane is perpendicular to the xanthene system. Four bonds, formed by C9 have the lengths typical for the Ar — C(sp3) (1.5268 (14) and 1.5290 (15) Å) and C(sp3) – C(sp3) (1.5504 (15) and 1.5416 (15) Å). The ethylene C21 — C22 group has transoid conformation in crystal network, in part, due to the molecular packing. In solution, rotation along C21 — C22 bond is restricted to some extent because of steric interaction within the molecule (I). It is observed in the proton NMR spectrum as two illegible multiplets, at 2.11 and 1.84 p.p.m., indicating that the environments of vicinal protons are not magnetically equivalent.
The (I) molecules are arranged in couples joined by the O — H···.O hydrogen bond as in the aforementioned xanthene–9–carboxylic acid (Blackburn, et al., 1996). Monomeric carboxylic acids absorb in IR, in diluted carbon tetrachloride solution, at 3500—3550 cm-1 due to O — H bond stretching vibrations. In the spectra of (I), registered in the solid state and in solution, this band is shifted to the 2800–3100 cm-1 region and overlapped with the C — H stretching vibrations. The absorption enhancement and the shift, exceeding 16% on the 1/ λ scale, indicate a strong character of the hydrogen bond. The interaction is observed in the crystal lattice as short (2.666 Å) distance between two oxygen atoms belonging to neighbour molecules. It is less than the sum of Van der Waals radii (2.80 Å) of atoms participating in the hydrogen bond.
For related literature, see: Bader & Kontowicz (1954); Blackburn et al. (1996); Domenicano (1992); Jacobs et al. (2005); Yu & Day (1958).
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2002); cell refinement: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2002); data reduction: CrysAlis RED; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 1990); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
C19H20O3 | F(000) = 632 |
Mr = 296.35 | Dx = 1.237 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 4075 reflections |
a = 10.5042 (9) Å | θ = 2.7–29.4° |
b = 14.3969 (11) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
c = 11.2404 (9) Å | T = 85 K |
β = 110.645 (7)° | Irregular, colourless |
V = 1590.7 (2) Å3 | 0.25 × 0.23 × 0.22 mm |
Z = 4 |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer | 2929 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.017 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 29.4°, θmin = 2.7° |
ω–scan | h = −14→13 |
12735 measured reflections | k = −17→19 |
4411 independent reflections | l = −15→15 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.105 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0677P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4075 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
279 parameters | Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.23 e Å−3 |
C19H20O3 | V = 1590.7 (2) Å3 |
Mr = 296.35 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 10.5042 (9) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
b = 14.3969 (11) Å | T = 85 K |
c = 11.2404 (9) Å | 0.25 × 0.23 × 0.22 mm |
β = 110.645 (7)° |
Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer | 2929 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
12735 measured reflections | Rint = 0.017 |
4411 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.105 | All H-atom parameters refined |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3 |
4075 reflections | Δρmin = −0.23 e Å−3 |
279 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.54653 (11) | 0.27029 (8) | 0.62341 (10) | 0.0160 (2) | |
H1 | 0.6202 (14) | 0.3115 (9) | 0.6747 (13) | 0.023 (3)* | |
C2 | 0.41988 (11) | 0.27971 (8) | 0.63464 (11) | 0.0166 (2) | |
H2 | 0.4057 (13) | 0.3257 (9) | 0.6905 (13) | 0.021 (3)* | |
C3 | 0.31129 (11) | 0.22389 (7) | 0.56366 (10) | 0.0153 (2) | |
C4 | 0.33408 (11) | 0.15899 (7) | 0.48222 (11) | 0.0159 (2) | |
H4 | 0.2591 (13) | 0.1191 (9) | 0.4271 (12) | 0.019 (3)* | |
C5 | 0.58806 (12) | 0.00426 (8) | 0.27792 (10) | 0.0160 (2) | |
H5 | 0.5021 (13) | −0.0277 (8) | 0.2353 (12) | 0.018 (3)* | |
C6 | 0.70170 (12) | −0.01383 (8) | 0.24647 (11) | 0.0174 (2) | |
C7 | 0.82073 (12) | 0.03521 (8) | 0.31188 (11) | 0.0198 (3) | |
H7 | 0.9041 (14) | 0.0249 (9) | 0.2919 (13) | 0.022 (3)* | |
C8 | 0.82337 (12) | 0.10053 (8) | 0.40325 (11) | 0.0184 (2) | |
H8 | 0.9108 (15) | 0.1358 (9) | 0.4460 (13) | 0.026 (4)* | |
C9 | 0.71229 (11) | 0.19491 (7) | 0.53293 (10) | 0.0125 (2) | |
O10 | 0.47112 (8) | 0.08046 (5) | 0.39100 (7) | 0.01616 (18) | |
C11 | 0.57152 (11) | 0.20465 (7) | 0.54259 (10) | 0.0124 (2) | |
C12 | 0.46221 (11) | 0.14936 (7) | 0.47324 (10) | 0.0131 (2) | |
C13 | 0.59229 (11) | 0.06962 (7) | 0.37053 (10) | 0.0134 (2) | |
C14 | 0.70842 (11) | 0.12055 (7) | 0.43461 (10) | 0.0132 (2) | |
C21 | 0.81734 (11) | 0.16763 (7) | 0.66432 (10) | 0.0131 (2) | |
H21A | 0.8232 (12) | 0.2171 (9) | 0.7274 (12) | 0.016 (3)* | |
H21B | 0.9093 (13) | 0.1643 (9) | 0.6583 (12) | 0.020 (3)* | |
C22 | 0.78051 (12) | 0.07679 (8) | 0.71238 (11) | 0.0176 (2) | |
H22A | 0.6909 (15) | 0.0772 (10) | 0.7165 (14) | 0.030 (4)* | |
H22B | 0.7760 (15) | 0.0259 (10) | 0.6524 (15) | 0.034 (4)* | |
C23 | 0.87758 (11) | 0.04535 (7) | 0.83856 (10) | 0.0142 (2) | |
O24 | 0.82955 (9) | −0.02352 (6) | 0.88773 (9) | 0.0309 (2) | |
H24 | 0.8952 (18) | −0.0415 (12) | 0.9649 (18) | 0.051 (5)* | |
O25 | 0.98967 (8) | 0.07885 (6) | 0.89079 (8) | 0.0206 (2) | |
C26 | 0.75498 (12) | 0.28876 (8) | 0.49252 (11) | 0.0172 (2) | |
H26A | 0.8466 (14) | 0.2862 (9) | 0.4846 (12) | 0.023 (3)* | |
H26B | 0.7580 (12) | 0.3375 (9) | 0.5566 (12) | 0.019 (3)* | |
H26C | 0.6906 (15) | 0.3085 (9) | 0.4072 (14) | 0.025 (4)* | |
C27 | 0.17292 (12) | 0.23341 (9) | 0.57411 (13) | 0.0213 (3) | |
H27A | 0.1353 (14) | 0.1730 (11) | 0.5853 (13) | 0.026 (4)* | |
H27B | 0.1723 (16) | 0.2743 (11) | 0.6474 (15) | 0.039 (4)* | |
H27C | 0.1077 (17) | 0.2583 (11) | 0.4953 (16) | 0.042 (4)* | |
C28 | 0.69469 (15) | −0.08295 (10) | 0.14359 (13) | 0.0252 (3) | |
H28A | 0.6348 (17) | −0.1350 (12) | 0.1440 (16) | 0.049 (5)* | |
H28B | 0.6580 (18) | −0.0541 (12) | 0.0595 (18) | 0.053 (5)* | |
H28C | 0.7874 (17) | −0.1085 (11) | 0.1545 (15) | 0.042 (4)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0167 (5) | 0.0160 (5) | 0.0134 (5) | −0.0013 (4) | 0.0029 (4) | −0.0016 (4) |
C2 | 0.0186 (6) | 0.0163 (6) | 0.0148 (5) | 0.0017 (4) | 0.0057 (5) | −0.0017 (4) |
C3 | 0.0146 (5) | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0173 (5) | 0.0016 (4) | 0.0062 (4) | 0.0032 (4) |
C4 | 0.0150 (5) | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0179 (6) | −0.0024 (4) | 0.0043 (4) | −0.0001 (4) |
C5 | 0.0180 (6) | 0.0147 (5) | 0.0144 (5) | −0.0031 (4) | 0.0047 (5) | −0.0005 (4) |
C6 | 0.0210 (6) | 0.0172 (6) | 0.0150 (5) | 0.0002 (4) | 0.0074 (5) | −0.0002 (4) |
C7 | 0.0171 (6) | 0.0246 (6) | 0.0194 (6) | 0.0010 (5) | 0.0086 (5) | −0.0027 (5) |
C8 | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0229 (6) | 0.0167 (6) | −0.0013 (4) | 0.0040 (5) | −0.0015 (5) |
C9 | 0.0116 (5) | 0.0139 (5) | 0.0107 (5) | −0.0004 (4) | 0.0023 (4) | 0.0006 (4) |
O10 | 0.0148 (4) | 0.0163 (4) | 0.0191 (4) | −0.0040 (3) | 0.0080 (3) | −0.0060 (3) |
C11 | 0.0128 (5) | 0.0131 (5) | 0.0099 (5) | 0.0004 (4) | 0.0023 (4) | 0.0026 (4) |
C12 | 0.0167 (5) | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0111 (5) | 0.0000 (4) | 0.0047 (4) | 0.0001 (4) |
C13 | 0.0141 (5) | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0124 (5) | 0.0003 (4) | 0.0054 (4) | 0.0024 (4) |
C14 | 0.0141 (5) | 0.0144 (5) | 0.0105 (5) | 0.0004 (4) | 0.0037 (4) | 0.0019 (4) |
C21 | 0.0126 (5) | 0.0139 (5) | 0.0114 (5) | −0.0014 (4) | 0.0024 (4) | 0.0000 (4) |
C22 | 0.0173 (6) | 0.0174 (6) | 0.0140 (5) | −0.0044 (4) | 0.0003 (5) | 0.0017 (4) |
C23 | 0.0170 (5) | 0.0118 (5) | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0012 (4) | 0.0059 (4) | −0.0005 (4) |
O24 | 0.0235 (5) | 0.0328 (5) | 0.0244 (5) | −0.0119 (4) | −0.0062 (4) | 0.0162 (4) |
O25 | 0.0147 (4) | 0.0245 (4) | 0.0177 (4) | −0.0034 (3) | −0.0003 (3) | 0.0067 (3) |
C26 | 0.0198 (6) | 0.0157 (6) | 0.0165 (6) | −0.0024 (4) | 0.0071 (5) | 0.0018 (4) |
C27 | 0.0161 (6) | 0.0208 (6) | 0.0282 (7) | 0.0006 (5) | 0.0092 (5) | −0.0022 (5) |
C28 | 0.0283 (7) | 0.0269 (7) | 0.0239 (7) | −0.0040 (5) | 0.0135 (6) | −0.0098 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.3865 (15) | O10—C13 | 1.3799 (13) |
C1—C11 | 1.3984 (15) | O10—C12 | 1.3813 (12) |
C1—H1 | 0.984 (14) | C11—C12 | 1.3887 (14) |
C2—C3 | 1.3935 (15) | C13—C14 | 1.3874 (15) |
C2—H2 | 0.960 (13) | C21—C22 | 1.5164 (15) |
C3—C4 | 1.3867 (16) | C21—H21A | 0.991 (12) |
C3—C27 | 1.5052 (16) | C21—H21B | 0.993 (13) |
C4—C12 | 1.3916 (15) | C22—C23 | 1.4954 (15) |
C4—H4 | 0.995 (13) | C22—H22A | 0.958 (15) |
C5—C6 | 1.3840 (16) | C22—H22B | 0.986 (15) |
C5—C13 | 1.3922 (15) | C23—O25 | 1.2150 (13) |
C5—H5 | 0.976 (13) | C23—O24 | 1.3190 (14) |
C6—C7 | 1.3978 (16) | O24—H24 | 0.935 (18) |
C6—C28 | 1.5076 (16) | C26—H26A | 0.998 (13) |
C7—C8 | 1.3855 (16) | C26—H26B | 0.998 (14) |
C7—H7 | 0.989 (14) | C26—H26C | 1.001 (14) |
C8—C14 | 1.4020 (15) | C27—H27A | 0.981 (15) |
C8—H8 | 1.010 (14) | C27—H27B | 1.015 (16) |
C9—C11 | 1.5268 (14) | C27—H27C | 0.977 (17) |
C9—C14 | 1.5289 (15) | C28—H28A | 0.979 (18) |
C9—C26 | 1.5416 (15) | C28—H28B | 0.978 (19) |
C9—C21 | 1.5504 (15) | C28—H28C | 1.007 (17) |
C2—C1—C11 | 122.08 (10) | C14—C13—C5 | 122.40 (10) |
C2—C1—H1 | 118.0 (8) | C13—C14—C8 | 116.00 (10) |
C11—C1—H1 | 119.9 (8) | C13—C14—C9 | 122.67 (9) |
C1—C2—C3 | 120.63 (10) | C8—C14—C9 | 121.33 (10) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.2 (8) | C22—C21—C9 | 111.88 (9) |
C3—C2—H2 | 119.2 (8) | C22—C21—H21A | 108.9 (7) |
C4—C3—C2 | 118.01 (10) | C9—C21—H21A | 110.1 (7) |
C4—C3—C27 | 120.60 (10) | C22—C21—H21B | 111.0 (7) |
C2—C3—C27 | 121.39 (10) | C9—C21—H21B | 109.3 (7) |
C3—C4—C12 | 120.76 (10) | H21A—C21—H21B | 105.5 (10) |
C3—C4—H4 | 121.2 (7) | C23—C22—C21 | 115.13 (9) |
C12—C4—H4 | 118.1 (7) | C23—C22—H22A | 108.0 (9) |
C6—C5—C13 | 121.01 (10) | C21—C22—H22A | 113.0 (8) |
C6—C5—H5 | 121.2 (7) | C23—C22—H22B | 106.0 (9) |
C13—C5—H5 | 117.8 (7) | C21—C22—H22B | 110.8 (9) |
C5—C6—C7 | 117.56 (10) | H22A—C22—H22B | 103.1 (12) |
C5—C6—C28 | 120.46 (11) | O25—C23—O24 | 122.99 (10) |
C7—C6—C28 | 121.97 (11) | O25—C23—C22 | 123.97 (10) |
C8—C7—C6 | 120.87 (11) | O24—C23—C22 | 113.04 (9) |
C8—C7—H7 | 118.9 (8) | C23—O24—H24 | 109.4 (11) |
C6—C7—H7 | 120.2 (8) | C9—C26—H26A | 112.5 (8) |
C7—C8—C14 | 122.13 (11) | C9—C26—H26B | 110.0 (7) |
C7—C8—H8 | 118.1 (8) | H26A—C26—H26B | 107.7 (10) |
C14—C8—H8 | 119.7 (8) | C9—C26—H26C | 111.3 (8) |
C11—C9—C14 | 109.64 (8) | H26A—C26—H26C | 105.8 (10) |
C11—C9—C26 | 109.27 (9) | H26B—C26—H26C | 109.3 (10) |
C14—C9—C26 | 109.70 (9) | C3—C27—H27A | 111.9 (8) |
C11—C9—C21 | 109.72 (8) | C3—C27—H27B | 113.5 (9) |
C14—C9—C21 | 109.86 (8) | H27A—C27—H27B | 107.0 (12) |
C26—C9—C21 | 108.63 (9) | C3—C27—H27C | 110.5 (9) |
C13—O10—C12 | 118.49 (8) | H27A—C27—H27C | 104.8 (13) |
C12—C11—C1 | 116.40 (10) | H27B—C27—H27C | 108.7 (12) |
C12—C11—C9 | 122.50 (9) | C6—C28—H28A | 111.0 (10) |
C1—C11—C9 | 121.11 (9) | C6—C28—H28B | 110.9 (10) |
O10—C12—C11 | 123.34 (9) | H28A—C28—H28B | 107.1 (14) |
O10—C12—C4 | 114.55 (9) | C6—C28—H28C | 111.4 (9) |
C11—C12—C4 | 122.11 (10) | H28A—C28—H28C | 108.3 (13) |
O10—C13—C14 | 123.20 (10) | H28B—C28—H28C | 107.9 (13) |
O10—C13—C5 | 114.39 (9) | ||
C11—C1—C2—C3 | −0.69 (17) | C3—C4—C12—O10 | 178.37 (9) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.11 (16) | C3—C4—C12—C11 | −1.23 (16) |
C1—C2—C3—C27 | −179.71 (11) | C12—O10—C13—C14 | 4.26 (15) |
C2—C3—C4—C12 | 0.82 (16) | C12—O10—C13—C5 | −174.54 (9) |
C27—C3—C4—C12 | −179.36 (10) | C6—C5—C13—O10 | 179.65 (9) |
C13—C5—C6—C7 | 0.60 (16) | C6—C5—C13—C14 | 0.84 (17) |
C13—C5—C6—C28 | −178.39 (11) | O10—C13—C14—C8 | 179.55 (9) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −1.04 (17) | C5—C13—C14—C8 | −1.75 (16) |
C28—C6—C7—C8 | 177.93 (11) | O10—C13—C14—C9 | −0.99 (16) |
C6—C7—C8—C14 | 0.08 (18) | C5—C13—C14—C9 | 177.72 (10) |
C2—C1—C11—C12 | 0.31 (16) | C7—C8—C14—C13 | 1.29 (16) |
C2—C1—C11—C9 | −179.34 (10) | C7—C8—C14—C9 | −178.18 (10) |
C14—C9—C11—C12 | 2.30 (13) | C11—C9—C14—C13 | −2.18 (14) |
C26—C9—C11—C12 | 122.56 (11) | C26—C9—C14—C13 | −122.18 (11) |
C21—C9—C11—C12 | −118.44 (10) | C21—C9—C14—C13 | 118.47 (11) |
C14—C9—C11—C1 | −178.06 (9) | C11—C9—C14—C8 | 177.26 (9) |
C26—C9—C11—C1 | −57.80 (13) | C26—C9—C14—C8 | 57.25 (13) |
C21—C9—C11—C1 | 61.20 (12) | C21—C9—C14—C8 | −62.09 (13) |
C13—O10—C12—C11 | −4.13 (14) | C11—C9—C21—C22 | 59.23 (12) |
C13—O10—C12—C4 | 176.28 (9) | C14—C9—C21—C22 | −61.37 (12) |
C1—C11—C12—O10 | −178.93 (9) | C26—C9—C21—C22 | 178.62 (9) |
C9—C11—C12—O10 | 0.72 (15) | C9—C21—C22—C23 | 179.65 (9) |
C1—C11—C12—C4 | 0.64 (15) | C21—C22—C23—O25 | −12.54 (17) |
C9—C11—C12—C4 | −179.71 (9) | C21—C22—C23—O24 | 167.94 (10) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O24—H24···O25i | 0.935 (18) | 1.732 (19) | 2.6654 (12) | 176.9 (17) |
C2—H2···O10ii | 0.960 (13) | 2.507 (14) | 3.3989 (14) | 154.6 (10) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2; (ii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C19H20O3 |
Mr | 296.35 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 85 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.5042 (9), 14.3969 (11), 11.2404 (9) |
β (°) | 110.645 (7) |
V (Å3) | 1590.7 (2) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.08 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.25 × 0.23 × 0.22 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 12735, 4411, 2929 |
Rint | 0.017 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.692 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.036, 0.105, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 4075 |
No. of parameters | 279 |
H-atom treatment | All H-atom parameters refined |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.32, −0.23 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2002), CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2002), CrysAlis RED, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 1990), SHELXL97.
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O24—H24···O25i | 0.935 (18) | 1.732 (19) | 2.6654 (12) | 176.9 (17) |
C2—H2···O10ii | 0.960 (13) | 2.507 (14) | 3.3989 (14) | 154.6 (10) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+2; (ii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Condensation of phenol with levulinic acid or its ester, in the presence of an acidic catalyst, provides the corresponding bisphenolic acid (DPA) as the only product (Bader & Kontowicz, 1954; Yu & Day, 1958). Xanthene core of the (I) molecule is planar as in other 9,9–disubstituted xanthenes (Jacobs, et al., 2005). A roof–shaped structure, with the fold angle up to 14.2 (1)° was found in xanthene–9–carboxylic acid molecule (Blackburn, et al., 1996). The benzene rings of (I) are almost regular hexagons with the typical aromatic C — C bond lengths (1.395 (8) Å). The internal angles centred on C3, C6, C11 and C14 atoms i.e. those, which are bonded to tetrahedral carbons, have lower value (lowest 116.00 (10)° largest 117.99 (10)) than expected 120°. The deformation is greater than expected (Δα = - 1.9°) for any electron releasing substituent (Domenicano, 1992). The O10 and C9 atoms are situated almost exactly in the plane of neighbour benzene rings; the deviations from the plane of four angular atoms are 0.043Å (O10) and 0.029 Å (C9). The geometry of pyrane ring can be described as the flat boat conformation. The internal C11 — C9 — C14 angle (109.65 (9)°) corresponds to the tetrahedral hybridization of C9 atom. The oxygen atom is more flexible member of the ring, the angle centred on O10 (118.48 (8)°) makes the pyrane ring nearly regular. The C — O bond length (1.381 (1) Å) is the same as in open diaryl ethers (Allen et al., 1995). The C26 — C9 — C21 plane is perpendicular to the xanthene system. Four bonds, formed by C9 have the lengths typical for the Ar — C(sp3) (1.5268 (14) and 1.5290 (15) Å) and C(sp3) – C(sp3) (1.5504 (15) and 1.5416 (15) Å). The ethylene C21 — C22 group has transoid conformation in crystal network, in part, due to the molecular packing. In solution, rotation along C21 — C22 bond is restricted to some extent because of steric interaction within the molecule (I). It is observed in the proton NMR spectrum as two illegible multiplets, at 2.11 and 1.84 p.p.m., indicating that the environments of vicinal protons are not magnetically equivalent.
The (I) molecules are arranged in couples joined by the O — H···.O hydrogen bond as in the aforementioned xanthene–9–carboxylic acid (Blackburn, et al., 1996). Monomeric carboxylic acids absorb in IR, in diluted carbon tetrachloride solution, at 3500—3550 cm-1 due to O — H bond stretching vibrations. In the spectra of (I), registered in the solid state and in solution, this band is shifted to the 2800–3100 cm-1 region and overlapped with the C — H stretching vibrations. The absorption enhancement and the shift, exceeding 16% on the 1/ λ scale, indicate a strong character of the hydrogen bond. The interaction is observed in the crystal lattice as short (2.666 Å) distance between two oxygen atoms belonging to neighbour molecules. It is less than the sum of Van der Waals radii (2.80 Å) of atoms participating in the hydrogen bond.