supplementary materials


Acta Cryst. (2007). E63, m1897    [ doi:10.1107/S1600536807026827 ]

([eta]5-Cyclopentadienyl)([eta]6-mesitylenyl)iron(II) hexafluorophosphate chloroform solvate

A. Sánchez Perucha and M. Bolte

Abstract top

The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C9H12)]PF6·CHCl3, crystallizes with Z' = {1 \over 3}. The cation, anion and solvent molecule are all located on special positions with site symmetry 3m. The cyclopentadienyl ring is disordered, due to the symmetry of the special position.

Comment top

The title compound, [C14H17Fe]+PF6·CHCl3, crystallizes with Z'=1/3. A l l there molecules are located on a special position with site symmetry 3 m. The cyclopentadienyl ring is disordered due to the symmetry of the special position.

Experimental top

Ferrocene (2 g, 10.75 mmol) was dissolved in mesitylene and Al (0.29 g, 10.75 mmol), AlCl3 (5.73 g, 43 mmol) and H2O (0.22 ml, 10.75 mmol) were added. The crude mixture was heated at 373 K for 8 h followed by aqueous workup. The aqueous phase was treated with an ammonia solution and filtered. NH4PF6 was added to precipitate the title compound in 85% as a yellow solid. Single crystals were obtained from slow evaporation of a chloroform solution.

Refinement top

H atoms were refined using a riding model with fixed individual displacement parameters [Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl)] with C—H ranging from 0.95 Å to 1.00 Å. The cyclopentadienyl ring is disordered due to the symmetry of the special position. Since only nine sites were generated for the five atoms, the occupation factor of each site was set to 5/9 of is usual occupancy.

Computing details top

Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2001); cell refinement: X-AREA; data reduction: X-AREA; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1990); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL-Plus (Sheldrick, 1991); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. Perspective view of the title compound with the atom numbering scheme; displacement ellipsoids are at the 50% probability level; H atoms are drawn as small spheres of arbitrary radii. Symmetry operators for generating equivalent atoms: (i) x, −x, z; (ii) −2x, y, z; (iii) −y + 1, x-y + 1, z; (iv) y-x, −x + 1, z; (v) −x + y+1, −x + 1, z; (vi) −y + 1, x-y, z; (vii) y-x, y, z; (viii) −y, −x, z; (ix) y-x, −x, z.
η5-Cyclopentadienyl-η6-mesitylenyl-iron(III) hexafluoridophosphate chloroform solvate top
Crystal data top
[Fe(C5H5)(C9H12)]PF6·CHCl3Z = 2
Mr = 505.46F000 = 508
Hexagonal, P63mcDx = 1.662 Mg m3
Hall symbol: P 6c -2cMo Kα radiation
λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 9.3640 (11) ÅCell parameters from 4866 reflections
b = 9.3640 (11) Åθ = 4.1–25.7º
c = 13.3018 (19) ŵ = 1.27 mm1
α = 90ºT = 173 (2) K
β = 90ºBlock, yellow
γ = 120º0.35 × 0.33 × 0.21 mm
V = 1010.1 (2) Å3
Data collection top
Stoe IPDS II two-circle
diffractometer
726 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube711 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Monochromator: graphiteRint = 0.023
T = 173(2) Kθmax = 25.6º
ω scansθmin = 4.0º
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(MULABS; Spek, 2003; Blessing, 1995)
h = 11→11
Tmin = 0.664, Tmax = 0.776k = 11→11
4236 measured reflectionsl = 14→16
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: fullH-atom parameters constrained
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036  w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0697P)2 + 0.3969P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
wR(F2) = 0.100(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
S = 1.13Δρmax = 0.43 e Å3
726 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.26 e Å3
62 parametersExtinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
1 restraintExtinction coefficient: 0.021 (5)
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsAbsolute structure: Flack (1983), with 332 Friedel pairs
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier mapFlack parameter: 0.02 (5)
Crystal data top
[Fe(C5H5)(C9H12)]PF6·CHCl3γ = 120º
Mr = 505.46V = 1010.1 (2) Å3
Hexagonal, P63mcZ = 2
a = 9.3640 (11) ÅMo Kα
b = 9.3640 (11) ŵ = 1.27 mm1
c = 13.3018 (19) ÅT = 173 (2) K
α = 90º0.35 × 0.33 × 0.21 mm
β = 90º
Data collection top
Stoe IPDS II two-circle
diffractometer
726 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(MULABS; Spek, 2003; Blessing, 1995)
711 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.664, Tmax = 0.776Rint = 0.023
4236 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.100Δρmax = 0.43 e Å3
S = 1.13Δρmin = 0.26 e Å3
726 reflectionsAbsolute structure: Flack (1983), with 332 Friedel pairs
62 parametersFlack parameter: 0.02 (5)
1 restraint
Special details top

Experimental.

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Fe10.00000.00000.02847 (8)0.0288 (3)
C10.0886 (3)0.0886 (3)0.1437 (3)0.0403 (12)
C20.1726 (6)0.0863 (3)0.1437 (3)0.0402 (12)
H20.28970.14490.14370.048*
C30.1813 (3)0.1813 (3)0.1387 (5)0.0569 (13)
H3A0.20440.20440.20520.085*
H3B0.11560.28310.10330.085*
C40.0681 (9)0.1362 (19)0.1027 (15)0.080 (10)0.56
H40.12670.25330.10480.096*0.56
C4'0.1380 (14)0.0137 (13)0.0959 (6)0.049 (3)0.56
H4'0.24810.03390.09480.059*0.56
P10.66670.33330.47038 (15)0.0319 (4)
F10.5906 (3)0.1813 (7)0.5415 (6)0.140 (3)
F20.7417 (3)0.2583 (3)0.3980 (5)0.138 (2)
C50.33330.66670.2813 (8)0.0444 (17)
H50.33330.66670.20610.053*
Cl10.43613 (9)0.56387 (9)0.32191 (18)0.0737 (5)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Fe10.0348 (4)0.0348 (4)0.0170 (5)0.01738 (19)0.0000.000
C10.052 (2)0.052 (2)0.025 (2)0.031 (2)0.0023 (9)0.0023 (9)
C20.039 (3)0.050 (2)0.027 (2)0.0196 (13)0.0036 (18)0.0018 (9)
C30.062 (3)0.062 (3)0.060 (3)0.042 (3)0.0068 (12)0.0068 (12)
C40.14 (2)0.042 (7)0.029 (7)0.021 (3)0.006 (3)0.011 (5)
C4'0.051 (5)0.071 (7)0.018 (3)0.024 (5)0.012 (3)0.009 (4)
P10.0294 (5)0.0294 (5)0.0369 (9)0.0147 (3)0.0000.000
F10.187 (6)0.067 (3)0.126 (5)0.0334 (15)0.0249 (18)0.050 (4)
F20.187 (5)0.187 (5)0.119 (5)0.154 (6)0.0232 (14)0.0232 (14)
C50.039 (2)0.039 (2)0.055 (4)0.0194 (12)0.0000.000
Cl10.0620 (7)0.0620 (7)0.1108 (13)0.0411 (7)0.0044 (4)0.0044 (4)
Geometric parameters (Å, °) top
Fe1—C4'2.063 (9)C3—H3A0.9600
Fe1—C4'i2.063 (9)C3—H3B0.9608
Fe1—C4'ii2.063 (9)C4—C4'i1.583 (9)
Fe1—C4'iii2.063 (9)C4—C4'1.583 (9)
Fe1—C4'iv2.063 (9)C4—H40.9501
Fe1—C4'v2.063 (9)C4'—C4'iv1.42 (2)
Fe1—C4iii2.065 (19)C4'—H4'0.9500
Fe1—C42.065 (19)P1—F2vi1.552 (5)
Fe1—C4v2.065 (19)P1—F21.552 (5)
Fe1—C2iii2.076 (5)P1—F2vii1.552 (5)
Fe1—C22.076 (5)P1—F1vii1.554 (5)
Fe1—C2v2.076 (5)P1—F1vi1.554 (5)
C1—C21.419 (4)P1—F11.554 (5)
C1—C2iii1.419 (4)C5—Cl1viii1.753 (4)
C1—C31.505 (7)C5—Cl1ix1.753 (4)
C2—C1v1.419 (4)C5—Cl11.753 (4)
C2—H20.9500C5—H51.0000
C4'—Fe1—C2iii123.8 (3)Fe1—C2—H2132.4
C4'i—Fe1—C2iii123.8 (3)C1—C3—H3A110.5
C4'ii—Fe1—C2iii105.2 (3)C1—C3—H3B109.0
C4'iii—Fe1—C2iii163.3 (3)H3A—C3—H3B109.4
C4'iv—Fe1—C2iii163.3 (3)C4'ii—C4—C4'i132 (2)
C4'v—Fe1—C2iii105.2 (3)C4'v—C4—C4'132 (2)
C4iii—Fe1—C2iii143.54 (12)C4'i—C4—C4'101.8 (13)
C4—Fe1—C2iii105.3 (5)C4'v—C4—C4iii112.1 (18)
C4v—Fe1—C2iii143.54 (12)C4'ii—C4—C4v112.1 (18)
C4'—Fe1—C2163.3 (3)C4'ii—C4—H497.8
C4'i—Fe1—C2105.2 (3)C4'v—C4—H497.8
C4'ii—Fe1—C2163.3 (3)C4'i—C4—H4129.0
C4'iii—Fe1—C2105.2 (3)C4'—C4—H4129.0
C4'iv—Fe1—C2123.8 (3)Fe1—C4—H4124.0
C4'v—Fe1—C2123.8 (3)C4iii—C4'—C4'ii127.3 (18)
C4iii—Fe1—C2143.54 (12)C4'ii—C4'—C4'iv119.998 (3)
C4—Fe1—C2143.54 (12)C4iii—C4'—C4106 (2)
C4v—Fe1—C2105.3 (5)C4iii—C4'—H4'122.1
C2iii—Fe1—C271.5 (2)C4'ii—C4'—H4'110.1
C4'—Fe1—C2v105.2 (3)Fe1—C4'—H4'125.7
C4'i—Fe1—C2v163.3 (3)F2vi—P1—F285.5 (4)
C4'ii—Fe1—C2v123.8 (3)F2vi—P1—F2vii85.5 (4)
C4'iii—Fe1—C2v123.8 (3)F2—P1—F2vii85.5 (4)
C4'iv—Fe1—C2v105.2 (3)F2vi—P1—F1vii179.2 (4)
C4'v—Fe1—C2v163.3 (3)F2—P1—F1vii93.8 (3)
C4iii—Fe1—C2v105.3 (5)F2vii—P1—F1vii93.8 (3)
C4—Fe1—C2v143.54 (12)F2vi—P1—F1vi93.8 (3)
C4v—Fe1—C2v143.54 (12)F2—P1—F1vi179.2 (4)
C2iii—Fe1—C2v71.5 (2)F2vii—P1—F1vi93.8 (3)
C2—Fe1—C2v71.5 (2)F1vii—P1—F1vi86.8 (4)
C2—C1—C2iii117.4 (4)F2vi—P1—F193.8 (3)
C2—C1—C3121.3 (2)F2—P1—F193.8 (3)
C2iii—C1—C3121.3 (2)F2vii—P1—F1179.2 (5)
C2—C1—Fe169.2 (2)F1vii—P1—F186.8 (4)
C2iii—C1—Fe169.2 (2)F1vi—P1—F186.8 (4)
C3—C1—Fe1130.7 (4)Cl1viii—C5—Cl1ix110.9 (3)
C1v—C2—C1122.6 (4)Cl1viii—C5—Cl1110.9 (3)
C1v—C2—Fe171.1 (2)Cl1ix—C5—Cl1110.9 (3)
C1—C2—Fe171.1 (2)Cl1viii—C5—H5108.0
C1v—C2—H2118.7Cl1ix—C5—H5108.0
C1—C2—H2118.7Cl1—C5—H5108.0
C4'—Fe1—C1—C2174.8 (8)C4'i—Fe1—C4—C4'114.4 (12)
C4'i—Fe1—C1—C299.0 (3)C4'ii—Fe1—C4—C4'30.1 (14)
C4'ii—Fe1—C1—C2163.4 (4)C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4'73.0 (7)
C4'iii—Fe1—C1—C264.5 (4)C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4'41.4 (6)
C4'iv—Fe1—C1—C253.0 (8)C4'v—Fe1—C4—C4'145 (2)
C4'v—Fe1—C1—C2128.8 (4)C4iii—Fe1—C4—C4'22.9 (7)
C4iii—Fe1—C1—C2113.9 (2)C4v—Fe1—C4—C4'91.6 (5)
C4—Fe1—C1—C2144.9 (4)C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4'122.8 (6)
C4v—Fe1—C1—C283.0 (4)C2—Fe1—C4—C4'157.9 (5)
C2iii—Fe1—C1—C2132.1 (4)C2v—Fe1—C4—C4'43.5 (11)
C2v—Fe1—C1—C266.1 (2)C4'—Fe1—C4—C4iii22.9 (7)
C4'—Fe1—C1—C2iii53.0 (8)C4'i—Fe1—C4—C4iii91.6 (5)
C4'i—Fe1—C1—C2iii128.8 (4)C4'ii—Fe1—C4—C4iii53 (2)
C4'ii—Fe1—C1—C2iii64.5 (4)C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4iii50.2 (3)
C4'iii—Fe1—C1—C2iii163.4 (4)C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4iii18.5 (4)
C4'iv—Fe1—C1—C2iii174.8 (8)C4'v—Fe1—C4—C4iii121.7 (17)
C4'v—Fe1—C1—C2iii99.0 (3)C4v—Fe1—C4—C4iii68.7 (3)
C4iii—Fe1—C1—C2iii113.9 (2)C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4iii145.65 (14)
C4—Fe1—C1—C2iii83.0 (4)C2—Fe1—C4—C4iii135.0 (8)
C4v—Fe1—C1—C2iii144.9 (4)C2v—Fe1—C4—C4iii66.3 (5)
C2—Fe1—C1—C2iii132.1 (4)C4'—Fe1—C4—C4v91.6 (5)
C2v—Fe1—C1—C2iii66.1 (2)C4'i—Fe1—C4—C4v22.9 (7)
C4'—Fe1—C1—C360.9 (8)C4'ii—Fe1—C4—C4v121.7 (17)
C4'i—Fe1—C1—C314.9 (3)C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4v18.5 (4)
C4'ii—Fe1—C1—C349.5 (4)C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4v50.2 (3)
C4'iii—Fe1—C1—C349.5 (4)C4'v—Fe1—C4—C4v53 (2)
C4'iv—Fe1—C1—C360.9 (8)C4iii—Fe1—C4—C4v68.7 (3)
C4'v—Fe1—C1—C314.9 (3)C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4v145.65 (14)
C4iii—Fe1—C1—C30.002 (2)C2—Fe1—C4—C4v66.3 (5)
C4—Fe1—C1—C330.9 (3)C2v—Fe1—C4—C4v135.0 (8)
C4v—Fe1—C1—C330.9 (3)C4'ii—C4—C4'—C4iii180.003 (2)
C2iii—Fe1—C1—C3113.9 (2)C4'v—C4—C4'—C4iii21 (6)
C2—Fe1—C1—C3113.9 (2)C4'i—C4—C4'—C4iii13 (4)
C2v—Fe1—C1—C3180.0C4v—C4—C4'—C4iii8(2)
C2iii—C1—C2—C1v0.1 (7)Fe1—C4—C4'—C4iii72 (3)
C3—C1—C2—C1v177.0 (4)C4'v—C4—C4'—C4'ii159 (6)
Fe1—C1—C2—C1v51.3 (4)C4'i—C4—C4'—C4'ii167 (4)
C2iii—C1—C2—Fe151.3 (4)C4iii—C4—C4'—C4'ii179.997 (2)
C3—C1—C2—Fe1125.8 (4)C4v—C4—C4'—C4'ii172 (2)
C4'—Fe1—C2—C1v51.1 (11)Fe1—C4—C4'—C4'ii108 (3)
C4'i—Fe1—C2—C1v132.9 (3)C4'ii—C4—C4'—C4'iv172 (2)
C4'ii—Fe1—C2—C1v172.9 (11)C4'v—C4—C4'—C4'iv13 (4)
C4'iii—Fe1—C2—C1v91.1 (4)C4'i—C4—C4'—C4'iv4.6 (13)
C4'iv—Fe1—C2—C1v66.2 (4)C4iii—C4—C4'—C4'iv8(2)
C4'v—Fe1—C2—C1v157.7 (4)C4v—C4—C4'—C4'iv0.0
C4iii—Fe1—C2—C1v60.8 (8)Fe1—C4—C4'—C4'iv63.7 (3)
C4—Fe1—C2—C1v163.2 (8)C4'ii—C4—C4'—Fe1108 (3)
C4v—Fe1—C2—C1v112.0 (2)C4'v—C4—C4'—Fe150 (4)
C2iii—Fe1—C2—C1v106.02 (18)C4'i—C4—C4'—Fe159.2 (10)
C2v—Fe1—C2—C1v30.0 (2)C4iii—C4—C4'—Fe172 (3)
C4'—Fe1—C2—C1172.9 (11)C4v—C4—C4'—Fe163.7 (3)
C4'i—Fe1—C2—C191.1 (4)C4'i—Fe1—C4'—C4iii70 (2)
C4'ii—Fe1—C2—C151.1 (11)C4'ii—Fe1—C4'—C4iii133.0 (19)
C4'iii—Fe1—C2—C1132.9 (3)C4'iii—Fe1—C4'—C4iii27.6 (18)
C4'iv—Fe1—C2—C1157.7 (4)C4'iv—Fe1—C4'—C4iii3(2)
C4'v—Fe1—C2—C166.2 (4)C4'v—Fe1—C4'—C4iii99.1 (17)
C4iii—Fe1—C2—C1163.2 (8)C4—Fe1—C4'—C4iii112 (2)
C4—Fe1—C2—C160.8 (8)C4v—Fe1—C4'—C4iii49.2 (17)
C4v—Fe1—C2—C1112.0 (2)C2iii—Fe1—C4'—C4iii170.5 (17)
C2iii—Fe1—C2—C130.0 (2)C2—Fe1—C4'—C4iii17 (3)
C2v—Fe1—C2—C1106.02 (18)C2v—Fe1—C4'—C4iii92.9 (19)
C4'—Fe1—C4—C4'ii30.1 (14)C4'i—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii63.21 (18)
C4'i—Fe1—C4—C4'ii145 (2)C4'iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii105.4 (4)
C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4'ii103 (2)C4'iv—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii130.19 (16)
C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4'ii71.6 (16)C4'v—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii33.9 (4)
C4'v—Fe1—C4—C4'ii175 (4)C4iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii133.0 (19)
C4iii—Fe1—C4—C4'ii53 (2)C4—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii20.8 (7)
C4v—Fe1—C4—C4'ii121.7 (17)C4v—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii83.7 (2)
C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4'ii92.6 (19)C2iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii56.5 (2)
C2—Fe1—C4—C4'ii171.9 (13)C2—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii149.8 (11)
C2v—Fe1—C4—C4'ii13 (2)C2v—Fe1—C4'—C4'ii134.09 (14)
C4'—Fe1—C4—C4'v145 (2)C4'i—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv66.98 (19)
C4'i—Fe1—C4—C4'v30.1 (14)C4'ii—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv130.19 (16)
C4'ii—Fe1—C4—C4'v175 (4)C4'iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv24.8 (4)
C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4'v71.6 (16)C4'v—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv96.3 (5)
C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4'v103 (2)C4iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv3(2)
C4iii—Fe1—C4—C4'v121.7 (17)C4—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv109.3 (6)
C4v—Fe1—C4—C4'v53 (2)C4v—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv46.4 (3)
C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4'v92.6 (19)C2iii—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv173.3 (3)
C2—Fe1—C4—C4'v13 (2)C2—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv19.7 (10)
C2v—Fe1—C4—C4'v171.9 (13)C2v—Fe1—C4'—C4'iv95.72 (14)
C4'—Fe1—C4—C4'i114.4 (12)C4'i—Fe1—C4'—C442.4 (7)
C4'ii—Fe1—C4—C4'i145 (2)C4'ii—Fe1—C4'—C420.8 (7)
C4'iii—Fe1—C4—C4'i41.4 (6)C4'iii—Fe1—C4'—C484.6 (7)
C4'iv—Fe1—C4—C4'i73.0 (7)C4'iv—Fe1—C4'—C4109.3 (6)
C4'v—Fe1—C4—C4'i30.1 (14)C4'v—Fe1—C4'—C413.0 (8)
C4iii—Fe1—C4—C4'i91.6 (5)C4iii—Fe1—C4'—C4112 (2)
C4v—Fe1—C4—C4'i22.9 (7)C4v—Fe1—C4'—C462.9 (8)
C2iii—Fe1—C4—C4'i122.8 (6)C2iii—Fe1—C4'—C477.3 (8)
C2—Fe1—C4—C4'i43.5 (11)C2—Fe1—C4'—C4129.0 (8)
C2v—Fe1—C4—C4'i157.9 (5)C2v—Fe1—C4'—C4154.9 (6)
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+y, y, z; (ii) x, xy, z; (iii) −x+y, −x, z; (iv) −y, −x, z; (v) −y, xy, z; (vi) −x+y+1, −x+1, z; (vii) −y+1, xy, z; (viii) −x+y, −x+1, z; (ix) −y+1, xy+1, z.
references
References top

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Flack, H. D. (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 876–881.

Sheldrick, G. M. (1990). Acta Cryst. A46, 467–473.

Sheldrick, G. M. (1991). SHELXTL-Plus. Release 4.1. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Sheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXL97. University of Göttingen, Germany.

Spek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7–13.

Stoe & Cie (2001). X-AREA. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany.