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The title compound, (C2H7O)2[SbCl5], contains one-half of an [SbCl5]2− anion lying on a mirror plane and one C2H7O+ cation in the asymmetric unit. The ion pairs are linked togather by strong O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The [SbCl5]2− anions are also linked through coordinated Sb—Cl bonds to form parallel chains.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807040901/pv2024sup1.cif
Contains datablocks global, I

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807040901/pv2024Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 660159

Key indicators

  • Single-crystal X-ray study
  • T = 223 K
  • Mean [sigma](b-Cl) = 0.001 Å
  • R factor = 0.029
  • wR factor = 0.066
  • Data-to-parameter ratio = 21.8

checkCIF/PLATON results

No syntax errors found



Alert level C PLAT042_ALERT_1_C Calc. and Rep. MoietyFormula Strings Differ .... ? PLAT066_ALERT_1_C Predicted and Reported Transmissions Identical . ? PLAT094_ALERT_2_C Ratio of Maximum / Minimum Residual Density .... 2.60 PLAT313_ALERT_2_C Oxygen with three covalent bonds (rare) ........ O1 PLAT355_ALERT_3_C Long O-H Bond (0.82A) O1 - H1 ... 1.03 Ang. PLAT601_ALERT_2_C Structure Contains Solvent Accessible VOIDS of . 67.00 A   3 PLAT764_ALERT_4_C Overcomplete CIF Bond List Detected (Rep/Expd) . 1.17 Ratio
Alert level G PLAT794_ALERT_5_G Check Predicted Bond Valency for Sb1 (3) 2.79
0 ALERT level A = In general: serious problem 0 ALERT level B = Potentially serious problem 7 ALERT level C = Check and explain 1 ALERT level G = General alerts; check 2 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 3 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 1 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 1 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 1 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check

Comment top

Dimethyl ether (DME) can be used as a fuel with higher quality of heat in place of diesel oil, whereas its pollution is much lesser than the latter (Cai et al., 1995; Wang et al., 2006). It is also an important intermediate in fine chemical synthesis and is employed as aerosol, vesicant and low pressure refrigerant in many industries (Cheng & Niu, 1995; Zhou, 2005; Wegman, 1994; Shikada et al., 1983; Bagno & Bukala, 1990). Several crystalline compounds containing DME have already been reported (Vojinovic et al., 2006; Blake et al., 1990; Astruc et al., 1990; Ponikiewski & Rothenberger, 2005; Rietz et al., 1978). Now we present here the structure of the title compound, (I).

An asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of a dimethyl ether oxonium (HDME) cation and a half [SbCl5]2- anion lying on a mirror plane (Fig. 1); atoms Sb1/Cl2/Cl3/Cl4 lie in the plane. The HDME cations link to the [SbCl5]2- anion by an O—H1···Cl1 hydrogen bond. The geometry of [SbCl5]2- anion is distorted bipyramid. The geometrical arrangement of [SbCl5]2- anion in general is like that of [SbCl5]2- anion reported by Bujak (Bujak & Zaleski, 1998). The crystals of (I) and that reported by Bujak are allomers, which are similar in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition. Furthermore, the coordinated Sb—Cl bond is worthy of note. A survey of some structures containing antimony and chlorine reveals that normal Sb—Cl bond lengths generally lie between 2.3 and 2.4 Å (Einstein & Jones, 1973) and those involved in bridging range from 2.8 and 3.0 Å (Hall & Sowerby, 1979; Feng et al., 2007). It is noted that the upper limit for a Sb—Cl bond distance has been extended beyond 2.4 Å out and away, to 2.8847 (12) Å in the case of Sb1—Cl4 in (I).

In the crystal structure, the [SbCl5]2- anions link to their neighbouring ones through coordinated bonds Sb1—Cl4 [3.295 (10) Å] forming chains and the [SbCl5]2- chains are associated with HDME cations by O1—H1···Cl to strengthen the crystal structure (Fig. 2).

Related literature top

For related literature, see: Astruc et al. (1990); Bagno & Bukala (1990); Blake et al. (1990); Bujak & Zaleski (1998); Cai et al. (1995); Cheng & Niu (1995); Einstein & Jones (1973); Feng et al. (2007); Hall & Sowerby (1979); Ponikiewski & Rothenberger (2005); Rietz et al. (1978); Shikada et al. (1983); Spek (2003); Vojinovic et al. (2006); Wang et al. (2006); Wegman (1994); Zhou (2005).

Experimental top

The title compound was prepared by dissolving 1.5 g antimony trichloride in 10 ml absolute acetone, then adding 5 ml hydrochloride acid and 2 ml dimethylether to the solution. The solution was stirred and heated till turned clear. The reaction system was cooled slowly to room temperature. Crystals of (I) were formed by gradual evaporation of the solvents over a period of three weeks at 300 K. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6 / TMS): 2.55 (s, 6H, CH3), 3.60 (s, 1H, OH).

Refinement top

Two voids with volume 67 Å3 were indicated by the program PLATON (Spek, 2003) which were ignored. H atom attached to O atom was deduced from a difference Fourier map, and incorporated in refinement freely. Others were placed in calculated positions and allowed to ride on their parent atoms at distances of 0.97 Å, with Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(C). The final difference map showed a residual electron density of 1.26 e Å-3 lying 1.75 Å from Sb1 and was deemed meaningless.

Structure description top

Dimethyl ether (DME) can be used as a fuel with higher quality of heat in place of diesel oil, whereas its pollution is much lesser than the latter (Cai et al., 1995; Wang et al., 2006). It is also an important intermediate in fine chemical synthesis and is employed as aerosol, vesicant and low pressure refrigerant in many industries (Cheng & Niu, 1995; Zhou, 2005; Wegman, 1994; Shikada et al., 1983; Bagno & Bukala, 1990). Several crystalline compounds containing DME have already been reported (Vojinovic et al., 2006; Blake et al., 1990; Astruc et al., 1990; Ponikiewski & Rothenberger, 2005; Rietz et al., 1978). Now we present here the structure of the title compound, (I).

An asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of a dimethyl ether oxonium (HDME) cation and a half [SbCl5]2- anion lying on a mirror plane (Fig. 1); atoms Sb1/Cl2/Cl3/Cl4 lie in the plane. The HDME cations link to the [SbCl5]2- anion by an O—H1···Cl1 hydrogen bond. The geometry of [SbCl5]2- anion is distorted bipyramid. The geometrical arrangement of [SbCl5]2- anion in general is like that of [SbCl5]2- anion reported by Bujak (Bujak & Zaleski, 1998). The crystals of (I) and that reported by Bujak are allomers, which are similar in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition. Furthermore, the coordinated Sb—Cl bond is worthy of note. A survey of some structures containing antimony and chlorine reveals that normal Sb—Cl bond lengths generally lie between 2.3 and 2.4 Å (Einstein & Jones, 1973) and those involved in bridging range from 2.8 and 3.0 Å (Hall & Sowerby, 1979; Feng et al., 2007). It is noted that the upper limit for a Sb—Cl bond distance has been extended beyond 2.4 Å out and away, to 2.8847 (12) Å in the case of Sb1—Cl4 in (I).

In the crystal structure, the [SbCl5]2- anions link to their neighbouring ones through coordinated bonds Sb1—Cl4 [3.295 (10) Å] forming chains and the [SbCl5]2- chains are associated with HDME cations by O1—H1···Cl to strengthen the crystal structure (Fig. 2).

For related literature, see: Astruc et al. (1990); Bagno & Bukala (1990); Blake et al. (1990); Bujak & Zaleski (1998); Cai et al. (1995); Cheng & Niu (1995); Einstein & Jones (1973); Feng et al. (2007); Hall & Sowerby (1979); Ponikiewski & Rothenberger (2005); Rietz et al. (1978); Shikada et al. (1983); Spek (2003); Vojinovic et al. (2006); Wang et al. (2006); Wegman (1994); Zhou (2005).

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell refinement: SMART; data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I) plotted with 30% probability displacement ellipsoids; the symmetry related atoms are labeled with A. The hydrogn bonds are illustrated as dashed line.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The packing diagram of (I) viewed down the b axis. Hydrogen bonds are illustrated by dashed lines.
Bis(dimethyloxonium) pentachloridoantimonate(III) top
Crystal data top
(C2H7O)2[SbCl5]F(000) = 760.0
Mr = 393.16Dx = 1.724 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, PnmaMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71070 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2nCell parameters from 5451 reflections
a = 8.5731 (15) Åθ = 3.2–25.3°
b = 11.858 (2) ŵ = 2.68 mm1
c = 14.899 (3) ÅT = 223 K
V = 1514.6 (5) Å3Block, colourless
Z = 40.50 × 0.30 × 0.30 mm
Data collection top
Bruker APEX area-detector
diffractometer
1462 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube1408 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.034
φ and ω scansθmax = 25.4°, θmin = 3.2°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2000)
h = 1010
Tmin = 0.397, Tmax = 0.448k = 1412
13634 measured reflectionsl = 1617
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.066H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.18 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0272P)2 + 1.5075P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
1462 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
67 parametersΔρmax = 1.26 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.48 e Å3
Crystal data top
(C2H7O)2[SbCl5]V = 1514.6 (5) Å3
Mr = 393.16Z = 4
Orthorhombic, PnmaMo Kα radiation
a = 8.5731 (15) ŵ = 2.68 mm1
b = 11.858 (2) ÅT = 223 K
c = 14.899 (3) Å0.50 × 0.30 × 0.30 mm
Data collection top
Bruker APEX area-detector
diffractometer
1462 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2000)
1408 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.397, Tmax = 0.448Rint = 0.034
13634 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0290 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.066H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.18Δρmax = 1.26 e Å3
1462 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.48 e Å3
67 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Sb10.80313 (3)0.75000.602413 (18)0.03087 (12)
Cl10.81044 (10)0.53013 (7)0.59403 (6)0.0446 (2)
Cl20.60634 (14)0.75000.48064 (8)0.0487 (3)
Cl31.00870 (13)0.75000.49238 (7)0.0419 (3)
Cl41.06504 (14)0.75000.72397 (8)0.0437 (3)
O10.8051 (3)0.4769 (3)0.3795 (2)0.0707 (9)
C10.6423 (5)0.4401 (4)0.3866 (3)0.0746 (14)
H1C0.60680.41280.32880.112*
H1D0.57790.50310.40530.112*
H1E0.63460.38000.43060.112*
C20.8291 (5)0.5704 (4)0.3151 (3)0.0618 (11)
H2A0.76720.63490.33330.093*
H2B0.79740.54630.25560.093*
H2C0.93860.59110.31420.093*
H10.848 (5)0.500 (3)0.441 (3)0.074*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Sb10.03218 (19)0.03316 (19)0.02726 (19)0.0000.00403 (11)0.000
Cl10.0512 (5)0.0344 (5)0.0483 (5)0.0028 (3)0.0036 (4)0.0002 (4)
Cl20.0398 (6)0.0594 (7)0.0470 (7)0.0000.0087 (5)0.000
Cl30.0392 (6)0.0542 (7)0.0323 (6)0.0000.0098 (5)0.000
Cl40.0496 (7)0.0451 (7)0.0363 (6)0.0000.0014 (5)0.000
O10.0618 (19)0.086 (2)0.0644 (19)0.0030 (15)0.0056 (14)0.0033 (18)
C10.052 (2)0.084 (3)0.088 (3)0.019 (2)0.006 (2)0.035 (3)
C20.081 (3)0.063 (3)0.042 (2)0.007 (2)0.003 (2)0.0039 (19)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Sb1—Cl32.4070 (11)O1—H11.03 (5)
Sb1—Cl22.4775 (12)C1—H1C0.9700
Sb1—Cl12.6110 (10)C1—H1D0.9700
Sb1—Cl1i2.6110 (10)C1—H1E0.9700
Sb1—Cl42.8847 (12)C2—H2A0.9700
O1—C11.466 (5)C2—H2B0.9700
O1—C21.480 (5)C2—H2C0.9700
Cl3—Sb1—Cl289.99 (4)O1—C1—H1C109.5
Cl3—Sb1—Cl187.126 (19)O1—C1—H1D109.5
Cl2—Sb1—Cl188.93 (2)H1C—C1—H1D109.5
Cl3—Sb1—Cl1i87.126 (19)O1—C1—H1E109.5
Cl2—Sb1—Cl1i88.930 (19)H1C—C1—H1E109.5
Cl1—Sb1—Cl1i173.87 (4)H1D—C1—H1E109.5
Cl3—Sb1—Cl481.82 (4)O1—C2—H2A109.5
Cl2—Sb1—Cl4171.81 (4)O1—C2—H2B109.5
Cl1—Sb1—Cl490.65 (2)H2A—C2—H2B109.5
Cl1i—Sb1—Cl490.65 (2)O1—C2—H2C109.5
C1—O1—C2113.8 (3)H2A—C2—H2C109.5
C1—O1—H1111 (2)H2B—C2—H2C109.5
C2—O1—H1109 (2)
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+3/2, z.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H1···Cl11.03 (5)2.32 (5)3.258 (4)150 (3)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula(C2H7O)2[SbCl5]
Mr393.16
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, Pnma
Temperature (K)223
a, b, c (Å)8.5731 (15), 11.858 (2), 14.899 (3)
V3)1514.6 (5)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)2.68
Crystal size (mm)0.50 × 0.30 × 0.30
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEX area-detector
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2000)
Tmin, Tmax0.397, 0.448
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
13634, 1462, 1408
Rint0.034
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.602
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.029, 0.066, 1.18
No. of reflections1462
No. of parameters67
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)1.26, 0.48

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2000), SMART, SAINT (Bruker, 2000), SHELXTL (Bruker, 2000), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXTL.

Selected geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Sb1—Cl32.4070 (11)Sb1—Cl42.8847 (12)
Sb1—Cl22.4775 (12)O1—C11.466 (5)
Sb1—Cl12.6110 (10)O1—C21.480 (5)
Cl3—Sb1—Cl289.99 (4)Cl2—Sb1—Cl4171.81 (4)
Cl3—Sb1—Cl187.126 (19)Cl1—Sb1—Cl490.65 (2)
Cl2—Sb1—Cl188.93 (2)C1—O1—C2113.8 (3)
Cl3—Sb1—Cl481.82 (4)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H1···Cl11.03 (5)2.32 (5)3.258 (4)150 (3)
 

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