organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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ISSN: 2056-9890

5,5′-Bis[(tri­methyl­silyl)meth­yl]-2,2′-bi­pyridine

aSchool of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
*Correspondence e-mail: murray.davies@jcu.edu.au

(Received 17 May 2007; accepted 21 October 2007; online 4 January 2008)

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C18H28N2Si2, occupies a special position on an inversion centre. The Si—CH2—C(ipso) plane is approximately orthogonal to the plane of the pyridine rings, the corresponding dihedral angle being 82.0 (2)°.

Related literature

For related chemistry, see: Fraser et al. (1997[Fraser, C. L., Anastasi, N. R. & Lamba, J. J. S. (1997). J. Org. Chem. 62, 9314-9317.]); Hochwimmer et al.(1998[Hochwimmer, G., Nuyken, O. & Schubert, U. S. (1998). Macromol. Rapid Commun. 19, 309-313.]); Perkins et al. (2006[Perkins, D. F., Lindoy, L. F., McAuley, A., Meehan, G. V. & Turner, P. (2006). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 532-537.]); Schubert et al. (1998[Schubert, U. S., Eschbaumer, C. & Hochwimmer, G. (1998). Tetrahedron Lett. 39, 8643-8644.]). For recently reported similar structures, see: Khan et al. (2004[Khan, M. S., Ahrens, B., Male, L. & Raithby, P. R. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, o915-o916.]); Lindoy et al. (2204). For related literature, see: Lindoy et al. (2004[Lindoy, L. F., McMurtrie, J. C. & Price, J. R. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, o886-o888.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C18H28N2Si2

  • Mr = 328.60

  • Triclinic, [P \overline 1]

  • a = 6.279 (3) Å

  • b = 6.575 (3) Å

  • c = 14.030 (6) Å

  • α = 76.599 (7)°

  • β = 88.415 (7)°

  • γ = 64.859 (6)°

  • V = 508.4 (4) Å3

  • Z = 1

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.17 mm−1

  • T = 293 (2) K

  • 0.25 × 0.15 × 0.10 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996[Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS: University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.973, Tmax = 0.974

  • 4192 measured reflections

  • 2057 independent reflections

  • 1294 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.042

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.064

  • wR(F2) = 0.192

  • S = 1.04

  • 2057 reflections

  • 123 parameters

  • H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

  • Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001[Bruker (2001). SMART, SAINT and XPREP. Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2001[Bruker (2001). SMART, SAINT and XPREP. Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT and XPREP (Bruker, 2001[Bruker (2001). SMART, SAINT and XPREP. Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997[Sheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. University of Göttingen, Germany.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997[Sheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. University of Göttingen, Germany.]); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997[Farrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565.]) and ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996[Burnett, M. N. & Johnson, C. K. (1996). ORTEPIII. Report ORNL-6895. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U. S.]); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999[Farrugia, L. J. (1999). J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 837-838.]).

Supporting information


Comment top

As a part of our work on cryptates derived from 5,5'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridines (Perkins et al., 2006), we have studied methyl functionalization reactions of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine as a model for similar chemistry proposed for its more complex analogue, 5,5"'-dimethyl-2,2':5',5":2",2"'-quaterpyridine. In contrast to the previous report by Schubert et al. (1998), we have been able to promote bis-lithiation of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF by use of a coordinating co-solvent, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). Subsequent bis-silylation with trimethylsilyl chloride afforded (I) in good yield.

The molecule of the title compound (Fig.1) occupies a special position in the inversion centre. The SiMe3 groups are trans disposed relative to the plane of the two pyridyl rings giving the molecule a zigzag shape (Fig. 2). The dihedral angle between the plane of the bipyridyl rings, and that of trimethylsilylmethyl substituent, as defined by Si1—C6—C4, is 82.0 (2)°.

The molecules in crystal show stacking arrangement with methylenetrimethylsilyl groups of the adjacent molecules oriented in the same direction (Fig. 2).

Related literature top

For related chemistry see Fraser et al. (1997); Hochwimmer et al.(1998); Perkins et al. (2006); Schubert et al. (1998). For recently reported similar structures see Khan et al. (2004); Lindoy et al. (2204). For related literature, Lindoy et al. (2004).

Experimental top

A solution of LDA, prepared from n-BuLi (1.9 M, 1.42 ml, 2.7 mmol), and dry diisopropylamine (0.42 ml, 3.0 mmol) in dry THF (8 ml) was cooled to -78° C and a solution of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (100 mg, 0.54 mmol) and dry HMPA (1.13 ml, 6.5 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml) was added dropwise, resulting in a deep red/brown opaque reaction mixture. This was stirred for 2 h, then trimethylsilyl chloride (217 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added, and the stirring was continued for 0.5 h more at -78° C. The resulting transparent red solution was quenched with 2 ml of absolute ethanol. Fortuitously, this solution precipitated crystals of (I) suitable for X-ray structure determination when its volume was reduced by rotary evaporation. To the remaining material, saturated NaHCO3 (10 ml) was added and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 40 ml). The combined organic fractions were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent removed under vacuum. The resulting solid was purified by chromatography on deactivated silica gel, affording (I) as a greasy white solid (142 mg, 80%). δH (300 MHz; CDCl3) 0.02 (18H, s, SiMe3) 2.12 (4H, s, CH2), 7.45 (2H, dd, J = 7.8, 1.8 Hz, H-4,4'), 8.22 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-3,3'), 8.34 (2H, d, 1.8 Hz, H-6,6'); δC (75 MHz; CDCl3) 2.06 (SiMe3), 23.92 (CH2), 120.16, 136.11, 136.18, 148.22, 152.21.

Refinement top

All aromatic and methylene H atoms were located in the difference map and refined with isotropic thermal parameters [C—H 0.94 (2) - 1.03 (3) Å]. Methyl H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined in a riding model approximation with C—H bond distances of 0.96 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq of the parent C atom.

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2001); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2001) and XPREP (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997) and Burnett & Johnson (1996); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. ORTEP (Burnett and Johnson (1996), Farrugia (1997)) drawing of (I) with displacement ellipsoids shown at 50% probability level. Only the non-hydrogen atoms in the asymmetric unit are labelled; unlabelled atoms are derived from the corresponding labelled atoms by means of the (1 - x, 3 - y, -z) transformation.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. Crystal packing diagram of (I) viewed down the a axis of the crystal.
5,5'-Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,2'-bipyridine top
Crystal data top
C18H28N2Si2Z = 1
Mr = 328.60F(000) = 178
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.073 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å
a = 6.279 (3) ÅCell parameters from 1147 reflections
b = 6.575 (3) Åθ = 0.9–26.4°
c = 14.030 (6) ŵ = 0.17 mm1
α = 76.599 (7)°T = 293 K
β = 88.415 (7)°Prism, colourless
γ = 64.859 (6)°0.25 × 0.15 × 0.10 mm
V = 508.4 (4) Å3
Data collection top
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector
diffractometer
2057 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube1294 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.042
ϕ and ω scansθmax = 26.4°, θmin = 3.0°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
h = 77
Tmin = 0.973, Tmax = 0.974k = 88
4192 measured reflectionsl = 1717
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.064Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.192H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.04 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.093P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
2057 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.007
123 parametersΔρmax = 0.36 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.16 e Å3
Crystal data top
C18H28N2Si2γ = 64.859 (6)°
Mr = 328.60V = 508.4 (4) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 1
a = 6.279 (3) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 6.575 (3) ŵ = 0.17 mm1
c = 14.030 (6) ÅT = 293 K
α = 76.599 (7)°0.25 × 0.15 × 0.10 mm
β = 88.415 (7)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector
diffractometer
2057 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
1294 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.973, Tmax = 0.974Rint = 0.042
4192 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0640 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.192H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.04Δρmax = 0.36 e Å3
2057 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.16 e Å3
123 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. An empirical absorption correction determined with SADABS (Sheldrick, 1996) was applied to the data. The data integration and reduction were undertaken with SAINT and XPREP (Bruker, 2001). The data reduction included the application of Lorentz and polarization corrections. The reflection data were merged including Fridel opposites. The structure was solved in the space group P-1 by direct methods with SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997) within the WinG-X (Farrugia, 1999) interface and extended and refined with SHELXL97 (Sheldrick 1997). Anisotropic thermal parameters were refined for the non-hydrogen atoms. All aromatic and methylene H atoms were located and refined with isotropic thermal parameters. Methyl H atoms were constrained as riding atoms, fixed to the parent C atom with a distance of 0.96 Å. Uiso values were set to 1.5 Ueq of the parent C atom.

Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Si10.78941 (12)0.61211 (12)0.82038 (5)0.0664 (3)
C10.5188 (4)1.3836 (4)0.52943 (15)0.0544 (5)
N10.7386 (3)1.2150 (4)0.53910 (15)0.0681 (6)
C40.6028 (4)0.9417 (4)0.63513 (16)0.0594 (6)
C20.3355 (4)1.3408 (5)0.57193 (18)0.0646 (7)
C50.7751 (5)1.0028 (5)0.59098 (19)0.0686 (7)
C60.6608 (5)0.6974 (5)0.69012 (18)0.0660 (7)
C30.3787 (5)1.1207 (5)0.62426 (18)0.0673 (7)
C90.5840 (5)0.8130 (5)0.8897 (2)0.0951 (9)
H9A0.53590.96990.85250.143*
H9B0.66200.79100.95170.143*
H9C0.44780.78230.90090.143*
C70.8328 (6)0.3086 (5)0.8742 (2)0.1086 (11)
H7B0.89690.26060.94120.163*
H7C0.94000.20820.83710.163*
H7A0.68380.30080.87190.163*
C81.0830 (5)0.6243 (6)0.8206 (2)0.1070 (11)
H8A1.06370.77640.78650.160*
H8B1.19080.51230.78820.160*
H8C1.14460.59040.88710.160*
H6A0.773 (4)0.589 (4)0.6581 (18)0.074 (8)*
H6B0.513 (5)0.676 (4)0.6947 (18)0.087 (8)*
H50.923 (4)0.883 (4)0.5873 (17)0.075 (7)*
H30.243 (5)1.082 (4)0.6515 (19)0.093 (8)*
H20.179 (4)1.470 (4)0.5684 (16)0.067 (7)*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Si10.0679 (5)0.0709 (5)0.0656 (5)0.0393 (4)0.0016 (3)0.0070 (3)
C10.0476 (13)0.0684 (14)0.0500 (12)0.0274 (12)0.0054 (10)0.0148 (10)
N10.0537 (12)0.0677 (13)0.0784 (14)0.0267 (10)0.0164 (10)0.0096 (11)
C40.0635 (15)0.0713 (15)0.0509 (12)0.0374 (13)0.0049 (11)0.0123 (11)
C20.0457 (13)0.0728 (17)0.0686 (15)0.0243 (13)0.0056 (11)0.0077 (13)
C50.0546 (15)0.0663 (16)0.0765 (17)0.0221 (13)0.0141 (12)0.0104 (14)
C60.0720 (18)0.0705 (16)0.0665 (16)0.0400 (15)0.0085 (13)0.0187 (13)
C30.0567 (15)0.0804 (18)0.0696 (16)0.0381 (14)0.0088 (12)0.0107 (13)
C90.108 (2)0.116 (2)0.0779 (19)0.060 (2)0.0187 (17)0.0319 (18)
C70.127 (3)0.084 (2)0.110 (2)0.052 (2)0.006 (2)0.0014 (18)
C80.080 (2)0.136 (3)0.113 (3)0.061 (2)0.0108 (18)0.015 (2)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Si1—C91.853 (3)C5—H50.94 (2)
Si1—C71.864 (3)C6—H6A0.95 (2)
Si1—C61.878 (3)C6—H6B1.00 (3)
Si1—C81.879 (3)C3—H31.03 (3)
C1—N11.339 (3)C9—H9A0.9600
C1—C21.385 (3)C9—H9B0.9600
C1—C1i1.483 (4)C9—H9C0.9600
N1—C51.340 (3)C7—H7B0.9600
C4—C31.382 (4)C7—H7C0.9600
C4—C51.390 (3)C7—H7A0.9600
C4—C61.501 (4)C8—H8A0.9600
C2—C31.376 (3)C8—H8B0.9600
C2—H20.98 (2)C8—H8C0.9600
C9—Si1—C7111.14 (16)Si1—C6—H6B105.3 (15)
C9—Si1—C6109.21 (14)H6A—C6—H6B110 (2)
C7—Si1—C6107.55 (14)C2—C3—C4120.9 (2)
C9—Si1—C8110.33 (15)C2—C3—H3120.9 (15)
C7—Si1—C8109.30 (16)C4—C3—H3118.1 (15)
C6—Si1—C8109.25 (13)Si1—C9—H9A109.5
N1—C1—C2121.3 (2)Si1—C9—H9B109.5
N1—C1—C1i116.9 (2)H9A—C9—H9B109.5
C2—C1—C1i121.8 (2)Si1—C9—H9C109.5
C1—N1—C5117.7 (2)H9A—C9—H9C109.5
C3—C4—C5115.2 (2)H9B—C9—H9C109.5
C3—C4—C6123.4 (2)Si1—C7—H7B109.5
C5—C4—C6121.4 (2)Si1—C7—H7C109.5
C3—C2—C1119.6 (2)H7B—C7—H7C109.5
C3—C2—H2120.8 (13)Si1—C7—H7A109.5
C1—C2—H2119.5 (13)H7B—C7—H7A109.5
N1—C5—C4125.4 (2)H7C—C7—H7A109.5
N1—C5—H5115.7 (15)Si1—C8—H8A109.5
C4—C5—H5118.0 (15)Si1—C8—H8B109.5
C4—C6—Si1115.70 (17)H8A—C8—H8B109.5
C4—C6—H6A111.0 (14)Si1—C8—H8C109.5
Si1—C6—H6A105.7 (14)H8A—C8—H8C109.5
C4—C6—H6B108.8 (15)H8B—C8—H8C109.5
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y+3, z+1.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC18H28N2Si2
Mr328.60
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P1
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)6.279 (3), 6.575 (3), 14.030 (6)
α, β, γ (°)76.599 (7), 88.415 (7), 64.859 (6)
V3)508.4 (4)
Z1
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.17
Crystal size (mm)0.25 × 0.15 × 0.10
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.973, 0.974
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
4192, 2057, 1294
Rint0.042
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.626
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.064, 0.192, 1.04
No. of reflections2057
No. of parameters123
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.36, 0.16

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2001), SAINT (Bruker, 2001) and XPREP (Bruker, 2001), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997) and Burnett & Johnson (1996), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

 

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support by the Australian Research Council.

References

First citationBruker (2001). SMART, SAINT and XPREP. Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationBurnett, M. N. & Johnson, C. K. (1996). ORTEPIII. Report ORNL-6895. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U. S.  Google Scholar
First citationFarrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565.  CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationFarrugia, L. J. (1999). J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 837–838.  CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationFraser, C. L., Anastasi, N. R. & Lamba, J. J. S. (1997). J. Org. Chem. 62, 9314–9317.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
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First citationKhan, M. S., Ahrens, B., Male, L. & Raithby, P. R. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, o915–o916.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationLindoy, L. F., McMurtrie, J. C. & Price, J. R. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, o886–o888.  CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationPerkins, D. F., Lindoy, L. F., McAuley, A., Meehan, G. V. & Turner, P. (2006). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 532–537.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
First citationSchubert, U. S., Eschbaumer, C. & Hochwimmer, G. (1998). Tetrahedron Lett. 39, 8643–8644.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS: University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar

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