organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890

(E)-N′-(Furan-2-ylmethyl­ene)-4-(quinolin-8-yl­­oxy)butanohydrazide

aCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: haixiedt@126.com

(Received 28 September 2008; accepted 9 October 2008; online 15 October 2008)

In the title mol­ecule, C18H17N3O3, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the furan ring and the quinoline group is 77.4 (2)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers.

Related literature

For general background, see: Cai et al. (2003[Cai, Y. P., Zhang, L., Shi, J. L., Zhang, H. X. & Kang, B. S. (2003). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 22, 587-590.]); Chen et al. (2005[Chen, C. L., Goforth, A. M., Smith, M. D., Gemmill, W. R., Su, C. Y. & Loye, H. C. (2005). J. Cluster Sci. 16, 477-487.]); Park et al. (2006[Park, K. M., Moon, S. T., Kang, Y. J., Kim, H. J., Seo, J. & Lee, S. S. (2006). Inorg. Chem. Commun. 9, 671-674.]); Karmakar et al. (2007[Karmakar, A., Sarma, R. J. & Baruah, J. B. (2007). CrystEngComm, 9, 379-389.]). For related structures, see: Zheng (2006[Zheng, Z.-B. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o5146-o5147.]); Zheng, Wu et al. (2006[Zheng, Z.-B., Wu, R.-T., Lu, J.-R. & Sun, Y.-F. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o4293-o4295.]); Zheng, Li et al. (2006[Zheng, Z.-B., Li, J.-K., Wu, R.-T. & Sun, Y.-F. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o4611-o4612.]); Zheng et al. (2007[Zheng, Z.-B., Wu, R.-T., Li, J.-K. & Lu, J.-R. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o3284.], 2008[Zheng, Z.-B., Li, J.-K., Sun, Y.-F. & Wu, R.-T. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, o297.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C18H17N3O3

  • Mr = 323.35

  • Triclinic, [P \overline 1]

  • a = 8.2685 (17) Å

  • b = 8.6324 (17) Å

  • c = 12.765 (3) Å

  • α = 100.64 (3)°

  • β = 100.36 (4)°

  • γ = 109.50 (3)°

  • V = 814.9 (4) Å3

  • Z = 2

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.09 mm−1

  • T = 295 K

  • 0.33 × 0.26 × 0.21 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996[Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.970, Tmax = 0.981

  • 9399 measured reflections

  • 2865 independent reflections

  • 1632 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.043

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058

  • wR(F2) = 0.193

  • S = 1.06

  • 2865 reflections

  • 218 parameters

  • 21 restraints

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.24 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N2—H1⋯N1i 0.86 2.10 2.936 (4) 164
Symmetry code: (i) -x, -y+1, -z+1.

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2007[Bruker (2007). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2007[Bruker (2007). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Supporting information


Comment top

Synthsis of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives have attracted a great interest due to their interesting biological activities and applications in coordination chemistry (Cai et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2005; Park et al., 2006; Karmakar et al. 2007). Herein, we report the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound, (I). The molecular structure of (I) is shown in Fig. 1. The conformation along the O1—C10—C11—C12—C13—N2—N3—C14 bond sequence is (-)gauche-trans-trans-(-)gauche-trans. The mean planes of the furan ring and quinoline group make a dihedral angle of 77.4 (2) °. In the crystal structure (Fig. 2), intermolecular N—H···N hydrogen bonds (Table 1) link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers. Some crystal structures which are closely related to the title compound have already been studied (Zheng, 2006; Zheng, Wu et al.,2006; Zheng, et al.,2007; Zheng, Li et al., 2006; Zheng, et al., 2008.

Related literature top

For general background, see: Cai et al. (2003); Chen et al. (2005); Park et al. (2006); Karmakar et al. (2007). For related structures, see: Zheng (2006); Zheng, Wu et al. (2006); Zheng, Li et al. (2006); Zheng et al. (2007, 2008).

Experimental top

Reagents and solvents used were of commercially available quality. The title complex (I) was synthesized according to the method of Zheng (2006). 4-(Quinolin-8-yloxy)butanohydrazide (0.01 mol), furan-2-carbaldehyde (0.01 mol), ethanol (40 ml) and some drops of acetic acid were added to a 100 ml flask and refluxed for 6 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solid product was separated by filtration. Colourless single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction study were obtained by slow evaporation of a tetrahydrofuran solution over a period of 2 d.

Refinement top

All H atoms were placed in idealized positions (C—H = 0.93–0.97Å and N—H = 0.86Å) and refined as riding atoms with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C,N). In the molecule, some anisotropic displacemnt parameters of the atoms are larger than normal and restraints were applied in the form of the DELU and SIMU instructions in the SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2008) program.

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2007); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure with displacement ellipsoids at the 30% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. Part of the crystal structure showing hydrogen bonds as dashed lines. H atoms, except for those involved in hydrogen bonds, are not included.
(E)-N'-(Furan-2-ylmethylene)-4-(quinolin-8-yloxy)butanohydrazide top
Crystal data top
C18H17N3O3Z = 2
Mr = 323.35F(000) = 340
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.318 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 8.2685 (17) ÅCell parameters from 1197 reflections
b = 8.6324 (17) Åθ = 2.6–20.5°
c = 12.765 (3) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
α = 100.64 (3)°T = 295 K
β = 100.36 (4)°Block, colorless
γ = 109.50 (3)°0.33 × 0.26 × 0.21 mm
V = 814.9 (4) Å3
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
2865 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube1632 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.043
ϕ and ω scansθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.7°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
h = 98
Tmin = 0.970, Tmax = 0.981k = 1010
9399 measured reflectionsl = 1515
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.193 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0865P)2 + 0.1859P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
2865 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.24 e Å3
218 parametersΔρmin = 0.20 e Å3
21 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.015 (6)
Crystal data top
C18H17N3O3γ = 109.50 (3)°
Mr = 323.35V = 814.9 (4) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 2
a = 8.2685 (17) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 8.6324 (17) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
c = 12.765 (3) ÅT = 295 K
α = 100.64 (3)°0.33 × 0.26 × 0.21 mm
β = 100.36 (4)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
2865 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
1632 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.970, Tmax = 0.981Rint = 0.043
9399 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.05821 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.193H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.06Δρmax = 0.24 e Å3
2865 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.20 e Å3
218 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
N10.2058 (3)0.5842 (4)0.8792 (2)0.0700 (8)
N20.0972 (4)0.3300 (3)0.3273 (2)0.0681 (8)
H10.11740.37540.27430.082*
N30.2378 (4)0.2174 (3)0.3521 (2)0.0608 (7)
O10.2645 (3)0.3778 (2)0.72254 (16)0.0631 (6)
O20.1947 (3)0.4670 (3)0.3574 (2)0.0890 (8)
C160.7219 (5)0.0732 (5)0.2779 (3)0.0811 (10)
H160.76440.13490.23530.097*
C10.2775 (4)0.3409 (4)0.8220 (3)0.0682 (9)
C20.3186 (5)0.2071 (5)0.8455 (4)0.1060 (15)
H20.33940.13300.79160.127*
C30.3287 (7)0.1846 (8)0.9529 (6)0.147 (2)
H30.35250.09200.96820.176*
C40.3056 (7)0.2905 (10)1.0325 (5)0.154 (3)
H40.31760.27271.10260.184*
C50.2631 (5)0.4296 (8)1.0135 (4)0.1188 (17)
C60.2347 (8)0.5503 (12)1.0944 (5)0.164 (3)
H60.24090.53921.16590.197*
C70.1999 (8)0.6759 (9)1.0659 (4)0.154 (3)
H70.18580.75701.11850.185*
C80.1837 (5)0.6903 (6)0.9582 (3)0.1034 (15)
H80.15560.78000.94110.124*
C90.2483 (4)0.4547 (5)0.9052 (2)0.0717 (10)
C100.3224 (4)0.2872 (4)0.6405 (3)0.0767 (10)
H10A0.25430.16570.62330.092*
H10B0.44700.30770.66770.092*
C110.2946 (4)0.3499 (4)0.5394 (3)0.0737 (10)
H11A0.35150.30510.48800.088*
H11B0.35170.47310.56000.088*
C120.1001 (4)0.2989 (4)0.4818 (3)0.0660 (9)
H12A0.04460.17560.45690.079*
H12B0.04130.33750.53440.079*
C130.0731 (5)0.3712 (4)0.3847 (3)0.0657 (9)
C140.3915 (4)0.2060 (4)0.3007 (2)0.0617 (8)
H140.39840.27460.25320.074*
C150.5530 (4)0.0908 (4)0.3141 (2)0.0591 (8)
O30.5432 (3)0.0227 (3)0.3737 (2)0.0872 (8)
C180.7117 (6)0.1128 (5)0.3740 (4)0.1000 (13)
H180.74330.19980.40890.120*
C170.8239 (5)0.0625 (5)0.3191 (3)0.0867 (12)
H170.94660.10550.30840.104*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
N10.0610 (17)0.0779 (18)0.0552 (16)0.0069 (14)0.0221 (13)0.0102 (14)
N20.0650 (18)0.0685 (17)0.0741 (17)0.0177 (14)0.0275 (14)0.0316 (14)
N30.0621 (17)0.0560 (15)0.0643 (15)0.0150 (13)0.0258 (13)0.0206 (12)
O10.0712 (14)0.0671 (13)0.0592 (13)0.0337 (11)0.0168 (10)0.0224 (10)
O20.0729 (17)0.0872 (17)0.1058 (19)0.0133 (13)0.0390 (14)0.0396 (14)
C160.070 (2)0.097 (3)0.073 (2)0.032 (2)0.0116 (18)0.020 (2)
C10.0464 (18)0.068 (2)0.077 (2)0.0050 (15)0.0011 (15)0.0366 (19)
C20.062 (2)0.086 (3)0.154 (4)0.011 (2)0.011 (2)0.065 (3)
C30.086 (3)0.140 (4)0.180 (5)0.006 (3)0.031 (4)0.122 (4)
C40.081 (3)0.199 (5)0.126 (4)0.028 (3)0.024 (3)0.119 (4)
C50.055 (2)0.178 (4)0.077 (3)0.024 (2)0.0051 (19)0.079 (3)
C60.079 (4)0.269 (8)0.046 (3)0.051 (4)0.011 (2)0.031 (4)
C70.087 (4)0.208 (7)0.067 (4)0.039 (4)0.036 (3)0.037 (4)
C80.078 (3)0.109 (3)0.082 (3)0.004 (2)0.040 (2)0.015 (2)
C90.0455 (19)0.092 (3)0.0510 (19)0.0082 (17)0.0031 (14)0.0302 (19)
C100.061 (2)0.072 (2)0.088 (2)0.0296 (18)0.0090 (18)0.0025 (19)
C110.058 (2)0.082 (2)0.069 (2)0.0210 (17)0.0216 (17)0.0016 (18)
C120.060 (2)0.0655 (19)0.069 (2)0.0189 (16)0.0242 (16)0.0123 (16)
C130.071 (2)0.0574 (19)0.070 (2)0.0195 (17)0.0317 (18)0.0178 (16)
C140.067 (2)0.0621 (19)0.0605 (18)0.0215 (16)0.0234 (16)0.0245 (15)
C150.068 (2)0.0585 (18)0.0535 (17)0.0218 (16)0.0202 (15)0.0199 (14)
O30.0827 (18)0.0858 (17)0.1002 (18)0.0247 (14)0.0323 (14)0.0469 (14)
C180.083 (3)0.092 (3)0.113 (3)0.004 (2)0.046 (3)0.034 (2)
C170.054 (2)0.096 (3)0.081 (2)0.005 (2)0.0213 (19)0.002 (2)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
N1—C81.314 (4)C6—C71.306 (10)
N1—C91.357 (4)C6—H60.9300
N2—C131.358 (4)C7—C81.389 (7)
N2—N31.374 (3)C7—H70.9300
N2—H10.8600C8—H80.9300
N3—C141.283 (4)C10—C111.499 (5)
O1—C11.360 (4)C10—H10A0.9700
O1—C101.437 (4)C10—H10B0.9700
O2—C131.222 (4)C11—C121.517 (4)
C16—C151.337 (5)C11—H11A0.9700
C16—C171.445 (5)C11—H11B0.9700
C16—H160.9300C12—C131.501 (4)
C1—C21.375 (5)C12—H12A0.9700
C1—C91.419 (5)C12—H12B0.9700
C2—C31.412 (7)C14—C151.435 (4)
C2—H20.9300C14—H140.9300
C3—C41.322 (9)C15—O31.361 (4)
C3—H30.9300O3—C181.351 (4)
C4—C51.408 (9)C18—C171.300 (5)
C4—H40.9300C18—H180.9300
C5—C91.428 (5)C17—H170.9300
C5—C61.436 (9)
C8—N1—C9117.8 (3)C1—C9—C5119.4 (4)
C13—N2—N3121.3 (3)O1—C10—C11107.8 (3)
C13—N2—H1119.3O1—C10—H10A110.2
N3—N2—H1119.3C11—C10—H10A110.2
C14—N3—N2114.7 (3)O1—C10—H10B110.2
C1—O1—C10118.0 (3)C11—C10—H10B110.2
C15—C16—C17105.0 (3)H10A—C10—H10B108.5
C15—C16—H16127.5C10—C11—C12113.4 (3)
C17—C16—H16127.5C10—C11—H11A108.9
O1—C1—C2124.8 (4)C12—C11—H11A108.9
O1—C1—C9115.0 (3)C10—C11—H11B108.9
C2—C1—C9120.2 (4)C12—C11—H11B108.9
C1—C2—C3118.7 (5)H11A—C11—H11B107.7
C1—C2—H2120.7C13—C12—C11113.1 (3)
C3—C2—H2120.7C13—C12—H12A109.0
C4—C3—C2122.3 (6)C11—C12—H12A109.0
C4—C3—H3118.8C13—C12—H12B109.0
C2—C3—H3118.8C11—C12—H12B109.0
C3—C4—C5121.5 (6)H12A—C12—H12B107.8
C3—C4—H4119.2O2—C13—N2119.3 (3)
C5—C4—H4119.2O2—C13—C12123.6 (3)
C4—C5—C9117.7 (6)N2—C13—C12117.1 (3)
C4—C5—C6125.4 (5)N3—C14—C15122.2 (3)
C9—C5—C6116.8 (6)N3—C14—H14118.9
C7—C6—C5118.9 (6)C15—C14—H14118.9
C7—C6—H6120.5C16—C15—O3110.4 (3)
C5—C6—H6120.5C16—C15—C14130.9 (3)
C6—C7—C8121.1 (7)O3—C15—C14118.7 (3)
C6—C7—H7119.5C18—O3—C15106.4 (3)
C8—C7—H7119.5C17—C18—O3111.3 (4)
N1—C8—C7123.6 (5)C17—C18—H18124.4
N1—C8—H8118.2O3—C18—H18124.4
C7—C8—H8118.2C18—C17—C16106.9 (3)
N1—C9—C1118.9 (3)C18—C17—H17126.5
N1—C9—C5121.7 (4)C16—C17—H17126.5
C13—N2—N3—C14171.9 (3)C6—C5—C9—N11.4 (5)
C10—O1—C1—C29.5 (4)C4—C5—C9—C10.4 (5)
C10—O1—C1—C9169.3 (2)C6—C5—C9—C1179.1 (4)
O1—C1—C2—C3179.6 (3)C1—O1—C10—C11179.9 (2)
C9—C1—C2—C30.8 (5)O1—C10—C11—C1268.5 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C42.2 (7)C10—C11—C12—C13176.4 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C52.2 (9)N3—N2—C13—O2177.3 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C90.9 (7)N3—N2—C13—C124.6 (4)
C3—C4—C5—C6179.6 (5)C11—C12—C13—O22.9 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C7178.5 (5)C11—C12—C13—N2179.1 (3)
C9—C5—C6—C71.0 (8)N2—N3—C14—C15178.1 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C82.4 (10)C17—C16—C15—O30.2 (4)
C9—N1—C8—C70.6 (5)C17—C16—C15—C14179.2 (3)
C6—C7—C8—N11.7 (8)N3—C14—C15—C16172.0 (3)
C8—N1—C9—C1178.4 (3)N3—C14—C15—O37.3 (4)
C8—N1—C9—C52.1 (4)C16—C15—O3—C180.0 (4)
O1—C1—C9—N12.0 (4)C14—C15—O3—C18179.5 (3)
C2—C1—C9—N1179.2 (3)C15—O3—C18—C170.2 (4)
O1—C1—C9—C5178.5 (3)O3—C18—C17—C160.3 (5)
C2—C1—C9—C50.4 (4)C15—C16—C17—C180.2 (4)
C4—C5—C9—N1179.2 (3)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N2—H1···N1i0.862.102.936 (4)164
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+1, z+1.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC18H17N3O3
Mr323.35
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P1
Temperature (K)295
a, b, c (Å)8.2685 (17), 8.6324 (17), 12.765 (3)
α, β, γ (°)100.64 (3), 100.36 (4), 109.50 (3)
V3)814.9 (4)
Z2
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.09
Crystal size (mm)0.33 × 0.26 × 0.21
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART CCD area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.970, 0.981
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
9399, 2865, 1632
Rint0.043
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.595
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.058, 0.193, 1.06
No. of reflections2865
No. of parameters218
No. of restraints21
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.24, 0.20

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2007), SAINT (Bruker, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N2—H1···N1i0.862.102.936 (4)164
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+1, z+1.
 

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a key grant from the Shanxi Datong University Foundation of Shanxi Province (grant No. 2008K1).

References

First citationBruker (2007). SMART and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationCai, Y. P., Zhang, L., Shi, J. L., Zhang, H. X. & Kang, B. S. (2003). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 22, 587–590.  Google Scholar
First citationChen, C. L., Goforth, A. M., Smith, M. D., Gemmill, W. R., Su, C. Y. & Loye, H. C. (2005). J. Cluster Sci. 16, 477–487.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationKarmakar, A., Sarma, R. J. & Baruah, J. B. (2007). CrystEngComm, 9, 379–389.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationPark, K. M., Moon, S. T., Kang, Y. J., Kim, H. J., Seo, J. & Lee, S. S. (2006). Inorg. Chem. Commun. 9, 671–674.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZheng, Z.-B. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o5146–o5147.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZheng, Z.-B., Li, J.-K., Sun, Y.-F. & Wu, R.-T. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, o297.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZheng, Z.-B., Li, J.-K., Wu, R.-T. & Sun, Y.-F. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o4611–o4612.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZheng, Z.-B., Wu, R.-T., Li, J.-K. & Lu, J.-R. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o3284.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZheng, Z.-B., Wu, R.-T., Lu, J.-R. & Sun, Y.-F. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, o4293–o4295.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890
Follow Acta Cryst. E
Sign up for e-alerts
Follow Acta Cryst. on Twitter
Follow us on facebook
Sign up for RSS feeds