metal-organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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catena-Poly[sodium(I)-μ-tetra­but­oxy­borato]

aIndustrial Research Limited, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
*Correspondence e-mail: g.gainsford@irl.cri.nz

(Received 12 March 2009; accepted 31 March 2009; online 8 April 2009)

The title compound, [Na(C16H36BO4)]n, has a fourfold axis passing through the Na and B atoms which both are bound by four O atoms. The tetra­butoxy­borate anion provides the bridging to form one-dimensional polymers running along [001], just like those found for the tetra­ethoxy­borate structure. The two but­oxy `tail' atoms are disordered over two conformations in a 0.887 (9):0.113 (9) ratio.

Related literature

For general background to the potential applications of boron diolates and alkoxides in hydrogen storage/recycling systems, see: Kemmitt & Gainsford (2009[Kemmitt, T. & Gainsford, G. J. (2009). Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. Submitted.]). For related structures, see: Gainsford & Kemmitt (2004[Gainsford, G. J. & Kemmitt, T. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, m1943-m1944.], 2005[Gainsford, G. J. & Kemmitt, T. (2005). Acta Cryst. C61, m417-m418.]); Bishop et al. (2000[Bishop, M., Bott, S. G. & Barron, A. R. (2000). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 3100-3105.]); Caselli et al. (2000[Caselli, A., Solari, E., Scopelliti, R., Floriana, C., Re, N., Rizoli, C. & Chiesi-Villa, A. (2000). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 3652-3670.]); Zviedre & Belsky (2001[Zviedre, I. I. & Belsky, V. K. (2001). Latv. Khim. Z. 1, 91-92.]). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002[Allen, F. H. (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380-388.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • [Na(C16H36BO4)]

  • Mr = 326.25

  • Tetragonal, [I \overline 4]

  • a = 13.3552 (17) Å

  • c = 5.7422 (6) Å

  • V = 1024.2 (2) Å3

  • Z = 2

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.09 mm−1

  • T = 112 K

  • 0.80 × 0.32 × 0.10 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003[Sheldrick, G. M. (2003). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.821, Tmax = 0.992

  • 3660 measured reflections

  • 906 independent reflections

  • 724 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.027

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.049

  • wR(F2) = 0.145

  • S = 1.05

  • 906 reflections

  • 66 parameters

  • 3 restraints

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005[Bruker (2005). APEX2, SAINT and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2005[Bruker (2005). APEX2, SAINT and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009[Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148-155.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PLATON.

Supporting information


Comment top

This study is part of a program aimed at investigating boron diolates and alkoxides with potential applications in hydrogen storage/recycling systems (Kemmitt & Gainsford, 2009). Several other related compounds have been reported [Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2004 (GAKLAG); Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2005 (KASSUT); Bishop et al., 2000 (ABAYUX, ABAZEI)]. There are no reported structures for tetrabutoxyborate salts (Allen, 2002), though there are a large number of tetramethoxyborate salts reported (see Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2005).

The basic polymeric fragment of the title compound, with asymmetric unit formula [Na0.25(C4H9B0.25O), has 4-fold inversion crystallographic symmetry with the symmetry (c) axis passing through the Na & B atoms. Enantiomeric resolution was not expected from the synthesis and it could not be obtained using anomalous dispersion effects.

The sodium cations are four-coordinate in a highly distorted tetrahedral arrangement with mean Na–O 2.2496 (14)Å and O–Na–O angles of 138.10 (5) and 60.75 (7) compared with 138.18 (8) and 60.62 (12)° in analogous tetraethoxyborato structure KASSUT Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2005 C). This Na—O distance is shorter than those reported when the bound O atoms atoms are not structurally constrained; one example of the latter case is POGDAQ01 (Caselli et al. (2000)) where Na–O range from 2.243–2.355Å in a niobium-tetraoxycallix(4)arene compound.

The B—O and C—O bond lengths average to 1.416 (4) and 1.467 (4)Å, and the B—O—C angle mean is 117.8 (2)°, values that fall within normal ranges as reported before in GAKLAG (Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2004). The O—B—O angles are distorted from pure tetrahedral values (101.45 (7) & 113.62 (8)°) somewhat more than those in the bis(1,1,1-trihydroxymethylpropane)borate salt (XOCHOM, Zviedre & Belsky, 2001) of 108.6–109.9°. The borate anions bridge the sodium cations making one-dimensional polymers running along the 4-fold inversion symmetry c axis direction (Fig. 1). This packing mode was also observed in catena-(µ3bis(ethylenedioxy)borato)- sodium(I)) (GAKLAG, Gainsford & Kemmitt, 2004) where the polymers were aligned with the 21 screw axis.

Related literature top

For general background to the potential applications of boron diolates and alkoxides in hydrogen storage/recycling systems, see: Kemmitt & Gainsford (2009). For related structures, see: Gainsford & Kemmitt (2004, 2005); Bishop et al. (2000); Caselli et al. (2000); Zviedre & Belsky (2001). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002).

Experimental top

NaBO2 (5.00 g, 76 mmol) was refluxed in methanol (150 ml) for around 4 h, running the condensate through a bed of molecular sieves before rejoining the reaction flask to remove water liberated from the reaction. The methanol was removed by distillation before adding toluene (80 ml) and n-butanol (80 ml). The solvent volume was reduced to ca 50 ml by distillation, and allowed to cool to room temperature. The colourless product appeared as fine needles, which gradually grew in size over several months in a sealed flask subjected to daily ambient temperature cycles. The needles were filtered under nitrogen, and dried in vacuo. Yield 23.5, (95%). 1H NMR (d8-thf 30°C): δ 1.04, (t, 7.3 Hz, CH3 12H); 1.45, (m, CH2 8H); 1.64, (m, CH2 8H); 3.46, (t, 7.2 Hz, CH2 8H) 13C NMR (CDCl3 30°C): δ 14.80, (CH3); 20.64, (CH2); 36.42, (CH2); 61.12, (OCH2). 11B NMR (d8-thf 30°C): δ 2.78 p.p.m..

Refinement top

In the absence of significant anomalous scattering, the values of the Flack parameter were indeterminate. Accordingly, the Friedel-equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinements. The butyl chain carbon atoms C3 & C4 were disordered over two conformations in a final ratio of (unprimed:primed) 0.887:0.113 (9). Three restraints were applied: distances C2–C3, C3–C4, C2—C4 were restrained to be the same for both conformers. Atoms C3' & C4' were refined with a common isotropic U.

All H atoms were constrained to their expected geometries (C—H 0.99, 0.98 Å) except for the latter refinement cycles when the atoms on minor conformer atom C4' were fixed, with a common isotropic thermal parameter. The H atoms on C2 & C3 were refined with isotropic parameters while H atoms on C4 and C3' were refined with Uiso 1.5,1.2 times that of the Ueq of their carrier atoms.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005); cell refinement: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2005); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. PLATON ORTEP view (Spek, 2009) of the cell contents (30% probability ellipsoids) showing the one-dimensional polymers which run the 4-fold inversion c axis. Only the major conformer C3 & C4 atomic positions are shown for clarity.
catena-Poly[sodium(I)-µ-tetrabutoxyborato] top
Crystal data top
[Na(C16H36BO4)]Dx = 1.058 Mg m3
Mr = 326.25Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Tetragonal, I4Cell parameters from 1472 reflections
Hall symbol: I -4θ = 3.1–31.3°
a = 13.3552 (17) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
c = 5.7422 (6) ÅT = 112 K
V = 1024.2 (2) Å3Needle, colourless
Z = 20.80 × 0.32 × 0.10 mm
F(000) = 360
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer
906 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube724 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.027
Detector resolution: 8.333 pixels mm-1θmax = 31.5°, θmin = 3.1°
ϕ and ω scansh = 1918
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003))
k = 1918
Tmin = 0.821, Tmax = 0.992l = 84
3660 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.049Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.145H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.05 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0875P)2 + 0.2269P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
906 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
66 parametersΔρmax = 0.29 e Å3
3 restraintsΔρmin = 0.20 e Å3
Crystal data top
[Na(C16H36BO4)]Z = 2
Mr = 326.25Mo Kα radiation
Tetragonal, I4µ = 0.09 mm1
a = 13.3552 (17) ÅT = 112 K
c = 5.7422 (6) Å0.80 × 0.32 × 0.10 mm
V = 1024.2 (2) Å3
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer
906 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003))
724 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.821, Tmax = 0.992Rint = 0.027
3660 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0493 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.145H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.05Δρmax = 0.29 e Å3
906 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.20 e Å3
66 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Na10.00000.50000.75000.0311 (4)
O10.07286 (11)0.45588 (11)0.4120 (2)0.0321 (4)
C10.15761 (19)0.4090 (2)0.3117 (4)0.0454 (6)
H1A0.19340.45730.21060.086 (13)*
H1B0.13590.35180.21440.083 (13)*
C20.2267 (2)0.3726 (2)0.5005 (5)0.0490 (7)
H2A0.28290.33560.42840.092 (15)*
H2B0.18990.32540.60220.073 (11)*
C30.2693 (2)0.4582 (3)0.6508 (7)0.0527 (10)0.887 (9)
H3A0.29890.50980.54800.069 (12)*0.887 (9)
H3B0.21410.48980.73940.050 (9)*0.887 (9)
C40.3485 (2)0.4210 (4)0.8197 (8)0.0682 (13)0.887 (9)
H4A0.32050.36710.91550.102*0.887 (9)
H4B0.36990.47620.92040.102*0.887 (9)
H4C0.40620.39560.73230.102*0.887 (9)
B10.00000.50000.25000.0279 (8)
C3'0.252 (3)0.395 (3)0.748 (4)0.087 (10)*0.113 (9)
H3'10.27430.33370.82820.105*0.113 (9)
H3'20.19240.42180.82980.105*0.113 (9)
C4'0.336 (3)0.473 (3)0.750 (8)0.087 (10)*0.113 (9)
H4'10.30760.53480.67160.13 (11)*0.113 (9)
H4'20.39290.45100.68910.13 (11)*0.113 (9)
H4'30.34310.49480.92110.13 (11)*0.113 (9)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Na10.0425 (6)0.0425 (6)0.0082 (6)0.0000.0000.000
O10.0386 (8)0.0456 (8)0.0120 (5)0.0083 (6)0.0005 (5)0.0011 (6)
C10.0477 (13)0.0700 (17)0.0186 (9)0.0186 (12)0.0007 (8)0.0077 (9)
C20.0465 (13)0.0701 (16)0.0304 (11)0.0187 (11)0.0042 (11)0.0067 (12)
C30.0473 (17)0.060 (2)0.0508 (18)0.0018 (13)0.0073 (14)0.0031 (15)
C40.0479 (17)0.101 (3)0.055 (2)0.0221 (19)0.0186 (17)0.029 (2)
B10.0365 (12)0.0365 (12)0.0106 (14)0.0000.0000.000
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Na1—O1i2.2496 (14)C3—H3B0.9900
Na1—O1ii2.2496 (14)C4—H4A0.9800
Na1—O12.2496 (14)C4—H4B0.9800
Na1—O1iii2.2496 (14)C4—H4C0.9800
O1—C11.416 (3)B1—O1iv1.4696 (14)
O1—B11.4696 (14)B1—O1v1.4696 (14)
C1—C21.505 (3)B1—O1ii1.4696 (14)
C1—H1A0.9900B1—Na1vi2.8711 (3)
C1—H1B0.9900C3'—C4'1.531 (19)
C2—C3'1.49 (2)C3'—H3'10.9900
C2—C31.541 (4)C3'—H3'20.9900
C2—H2A0.9900C4'—H4'11.01 (4)
C2—H2B0.9900C4'—H4'20.89 (5)
C3—C41.519 (5)C4'—H4'31.03 (4)
C3—H3A0.9900
O1i—Na1—O1ii138.10 (5)C4—C3—C2111.8 (3)
O1ii—Na1—O160.75 (7)C4—C3—H3A109.3
C1—O1—B1116.68 (14)C2—C3—H3A109.3
C1—O1—Na1144.35 (13)C4—C3—H3B109.3
B1—O1—Na198.90 (7)C2—C3—H3B109.3
O1—C1—C2109.89 (19)H3A—C3—H3B107.9
O1—C1—H1A109.7O1iv—B1—O1v101.44 (11)
C2—C1—H1A109.7O1iv—B1—O1ii113.63 (6)
O1—C1—H1B109.7C2—C3'—C4'108 (2)
C2—C1—H1B109.7C2—C3'—H3'1110.1
H1A—C1—H1B108.2C4'—C3'—H3'1110.1
C3'—C2—C1139.4 (17)C2—C3'—H3'2110.1
C1—C2—C3112.9 (2)C4'—C3'—H3'2110.1
C3'—C2—H2A109.2H3'1—C3'—H3'2108.4
C1—C2—H2A109.0C3'—C4'—H4'1106 (3)
C3—C2—H2A109.0C3'—C4'—H4'2113 (3)
C3'—C2—H2B71.4H4'1—C4'—H4'2115 (5)
C1—C2—H2B109.0C3'—C4'—H4'3105 (3)
C3—C2—H2B109.0H4'1—C4'—H4'3104 (3)
H2A—C2—H2B107.8H4'2—C4'—H4'3113 (4)
O1i—Na1—O1—C145.7 (3)C1—C2—C3—C4172.9 (3)
O1ii—Na1—O1—C1176.4 (3)C1—O1—B1—O1iv60.0 (2)
O1iii—Na1—O1—C152.8 (3)Na1—O1—B1—O1iv122.34 (3)
O1i—Na1—O1—B1130.79 (7)C1—O1—B1—O1v55.3 (2)
O1ii—Na1—O1—B10.0C1—O1—B1—O1ii177.7 (2)
B1—O1—C1—C2177.19 (19)Na1—O1—B1—O1ii0.0
Na1—O1—C1—C21.1 (4)C1—O1—B1—Na1vi2.3 (2)
O1—C1—C2—C3'25.0 (19)Na1—O1—B1—Na1vi180.0
O1—C1—C2—C363.0 (3)C1—O1—B1—Na1177.7 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) y+1/2, x+1/2, z+3/2; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) y1/2, x+1/2, z+3/2; (iv) y1/2, x+1/2, z+1/2; (v) y+1/2, x+1/2, z+1/2; (vi) x, y, z1.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula[Na(C16H36BO4)]
Mr326.25
Crystal system, space groupTetragonal, I4
Temperature (K)112
a, c (Å)13.3552 (17), 5.7422 (6)
V3)1024.2 (2)
Z2
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.09
Crystal size (mm)0.80 × 0.32 × 0.10
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003))
Tmin, Tmax0.821, 0.992
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
3660, 906, 724
Rint0.027
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.736
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.049, 0.145, 1.05
No. of reflections906
No. of parameters66
No. of restraints3
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.29, 0.20

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005), APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2005), SAINT (Bruker, 2005), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

 

Acknowledgements

We thank Drs J. Wikaira & C. Fitchett of the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, for their assistance.

References

First citationAllen, F. H. (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380–388.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationBishop, M., Bott, S. G. & Barron, A. R. (2000). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 3100–3105.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
First citationBruker (2005). APEX2, SAINT and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationCaselli, A., Solari, E., Scopelliti, R., Floriana, C., Re, N., Rizoli, C. & Chiesi-Villa, A. (2000). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 3652–3670.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationGainsford, G. J. & Kemmitt, T. (2004). Acta Cryst. E60, m1943–m1944.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationGainsford, G. J. & Kemmitt, T. (2005). Acta Cryst. C61, m417–m418.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationKemmitt, T. & Gainsford, G. J. (2009). Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. Submitted.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2003). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSpek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationZviedre, I. I. & Belsky, V. K. (2001). Latv. Khim. Z. 1, 91–92.  Google Scholar

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