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Acta Cryst. (2009). E65, o1520    [ doi:10.1107/S1600536809019631 ]

2-tert-Butyl-6-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-4-methylphenol

H.-L. Wen, X.-Q. Wu and B.-W. Lai

Abstract top

In the title compound, C17H18ClN3O3, the dihedral angle between the planes of the two benzene rings is 1.03 (7)°. The overall conformation of the molecule is influenced, in part, by electron delocalization and by an intramolecular bifurcated O-H...(O,N) hydrogen bonds. The O atoms of the nitro group, one of which serves as an H bond acceptor, are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.56 (3) and 0.44 (3).

Comment top

Benzotriazoles play an important role as a class of UV absorbers and have promising industrial applications (Ravichandran et al., 2002). N-oxides are a key type intermediates in the synthesis of benzotriazoles (Wen et al., 2006; Crawford, 1999) and the title compound is an important intermediate in the synthesis of 2-(2'-Hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole (UV 326), a good ultraviolet absorber. Due to the growing awareness of environmental protection, the demand for clean and 'green' (i.e solvent free) chemical syntheses has been growing, so using these synthetic methods to form intermediates have received attention (Tanaka & Toda, 2000). Herein we report a 'green' synthetic method and the crystal structure of the title compound. In the title moleclue (Fig .1) the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 1.03 (7)°. The overall conformation of the molecule is influenced, in part, by electron delocalization and by intramolecular O—H···O and O—H···N hydrogen bonds.

Related literature top

For benzotriazoles as UV absorbers and their applications in industry, see: Ravichandran et al. (2002). N-oxides are a key type intermediates in the synthesis of benzotriazoles, see: Wen et al. (2006); Crawford (1999). For the use of green synthetic methods to obtain intermediates, see: Tanaka & Toda (2000).

Experimental top

The title compound was synthesized via the solid phase reaction of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline and 2-tert-butyl-4-substituted phenol at room temperature. After intensive grinding a mixture of 4-chloro-2-nitrobenzenamine 1.72 g (10 mmol), 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 1.72 g (10.5 mmol), NaNO2 0.69 g (10 mmol), and KHSO4 1.36 g (10 mmol) in a mortar for 15 min at 293 K, the product was washed with hot water. A few purple crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained upon recrystallization in ethanol after several days (m. p. 445–446 K), which gave the product in 93% yield and higher than 99% purity (by HPLC).

Refinement top

All H atoms were included in calculated positions with O—H = 0.82Å; C—H(methyl) = 0.96 Å, C—H(aromatic) = 0.93 Å, and Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl,O) and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for aromatic H atoms. The O atoms of the nitro group are disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.56 (3) and 0.44 (3).

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2006); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. : The molecular structure of the title compound, showing 30% probability displacement ellipsoids. The minor comonent of disorder is shown with open bonds and hydrogen bonds are shown with dashed lines.
2-tert-Butyl-6-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-4-methylphenol top
Crystal data top
C17H18ClN3O3F(000) = 728
Mr = 347.79Dx = 1.342 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 4044 reflections
a = 14.578 (4) Åθ = 2.6–27.2°
b = 7.0616 (19) ŵ = 0.24 mm−1
c = 17.043 (5) ÅT = 296 K
β = 101.233 (3)°Block, purple
V = 1720.9 (8) Å30.31 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer		3927 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube2563 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphiteRint = 0.033
φ and ω scansθmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.4°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)		h = −18→18
Tmin = 0.930, Tmax = 0.963k = −9→8
14642 measured reflectionsl = −22→22
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.141H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.03 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0591P)2 + 0.5672P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3927 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.002
241 parametersΔρmax = 0.22 e Å−3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.26 e Å−3
Crystal data top
C17H18ClN3O3V = 1720.9 (8) Å3
Mr = 347.79Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation
a = 14.578 (4) ŵ = 0.24 mm−1
b = 7.0616 (19) ÅT = 296 K
c = 17.043 (5) Å0.31 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm
β = 101.233 (3)°
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer		3927 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)		2563 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.930, Tmax = 0.963Rint = 0.033
14642 measured reflectionsθmax = 27.5°
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.141Δρmax = 0.22 e Å−3
S = 1.03Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3
3927 reflectionsAbsolute structure: ?
241 parametersFlack parameter: ?
0 restraintsRogers parameter: ?
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Cl11.37753 (4)0.52156 (11)0.44085 (5)0.0871 (3)
O10.9625 (4)0.559 (3)0.2905 (6)0.109 (4)0.56 (3)
O21.0758 (7)0.659 (2)0.2334 (6)0.115 (4)0.56 (3)
O30.81516 (9)0.7932 (3)0.36241 (8)0.0666 (5)
H30.87030.76430.36630.100*
O1'0.9670 (8)0.689 (4)0.2804 (4)0.100 (5)0.44 (3)
O2'1.0687 (12)0.545 (5)0.2372 (10)0.156 (8)0.44 (3)
N11.04252 (15)0.6167 (4)0.29115 (12)0.0765 (6)
N20.98233 (10)0.7293 (2)0.43581 (9)0.0475 (4)
N30.96277 (10)0.7767 (2)0.50347 (9)0.0468 (4)
C11.10633 (13)0.6202 (3)0.36932 (12)0.0528 (5)
C21.19824 (14)0.5718 (3)0.36947 (14)0.0597 (5)
H21.21710.53950.32210.072*
C31.26084 (14)0.5723 (3)0.44035 (15)0.0599 (6)
C41.23301 (14)0.6162 (3)0.51114 (14)0.0606 (5)
H41.27600.61220.55920.073*
C51.14154 (13)0.6660 (3)0.51035 (12)0.0537 (5)
H51.12330.69630.55820.064*
C61.07582 (12)0.6716 (3)0.43917 (11)0.0468 (4)
C70.87202 (12)0.8321 (3)0.50305 (10)0.0425 (4)
C80.85301 (13)0.8758 (3)0.57888 (11)0.0465 (4)
H80.90100.87070.62360.056*
C90.76528 (13)0.9255 (3)0.58763 (10)0.0473 (4)
C100.69528 (13)0.9379 (3)0.51815 (11)0.0485 (5)
H100.63580.97480.52420.058*
C110.70815 (12)0.8993 (3)0.44168 (10)0.0485 (5)
C120.79931 (12)0.8412 (3)0.43353 (10)0.0465 (4)
C130.74126 (16)0.9610 (4)0.66868 (11)0.0646 (6)
H13A0.70660.85530.68310.097*
H13B0.70421.07380.66660.097*
H13C0.79780.97630.70780.097*
C140.62867 (14)0.9137 (4)0.36802 (12)0.0658 (6)
C150.53856 (16)0.9904 (5)0.39088 (14)0.0868 (9)
H15A0.51920.90690.42900.130*
H15B0.49010.99790.34390.130*
H15C0.55021.11420.41390.130*
C160.65620 (18)1.0504 (5)0.30642 (14)0.0959 (10)
H16A0.66451.17530.32900.144*
H16B0.60771.05280.25940.144*
H16C0.71361.00870.29240.144*
C170.60711 (17)0.7157 (5)0.33203 (15)0.0931 (10)
H17A0.66290.66230.31900.140*
H17B0.55980.72500.28440.140*
H17C0.58520.63600.37010.140*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0412 (3)0.1022 (5)0.1217 (6)0.0083 (3)0.0251 (3)0.0142 (4)
O10.052 (2)0.186 (11)0.084 (3)−0.001 (4)−0.001 (2)−0.047 (5)
O20.105 (4)0.185 (9)0.056 (3)−0.001 (5)0.016 (3)0.012 (4)
O30.0420 (7)0.1165 (13)0.0417 (7)0.0091 (8)0.0094 (6)−0.0118 (8)
O1'0.070 (4)0.173 (13)0.055 (3)0.043 (5)0.007 (2)−0.013 (4)
O2'0.115 (7)0.255 (18)0.091 (7)0.062 (10)0.007 (5)−0.080 (9)
N10.0612 (13)0.1073 (17)0.0606 (12)0.0158 (13)0.0106 (10)−0.0208 (12)
N20.0388 (8)0.0553 (10)0.0491 (9)−0.0003 (7)0.0102 (7)−0.0025 (7)
N30.0412 (8)0.0512 (9)0.0478 (9)−0.0017 (7)0.0083 (7)−0.0007 (7)
C10.0465 (11)0.0550 (12)0.0571 (12)0.0003 (9)0.0106 (9)−0.0026 (9)
C20.0503 (12)0.0634 (14)0.0702 (14)0.0041 (10)0.0232 (11)0.0006 (11)
C30.0385 (10)0.0570 (13)0.0869 (16)0.0007 (9)0.0186 (11)0.0079 (11)
C40.0429 (11)0.0655 (13)0.0699 (14)−0.0021 (9)0.0021 (10)0.0061 (11)
C50.0455 (11)0.0588 (12)0.0561 (12)−0.0017 (9)0.0084 (9)0.0023 (9)
C60.0394 (9)0.0460 (10)0.0554 (11)−0.0029 (8)0.0104 (8)−0.0006 (8)
C70.0374 (9)0.0472 (10)0.0425 (9)−0.0019 (7)0.0072 (7)−0.0006 (8)
C80.0469 (10)0.0531 (11)0.0378 (9)−0.0022 (8)0.0038 (8)0.0008 (8)
C90.0515 (11)0.0542 (11)0.0380 (9)−0.0012 (9)0.0131 (8)0.0004 (8)
C100.0418 (10)0.0617 (12)0.0441 (10)0.0039 (8)0.0139 (8)0.0015 (9)
C110.0402 (10)0.0668 (13)0.0384 (9)−0.0008 (9)0.0074 (7)0.0002 (9)
C120.0418 (10)0.0606 (12)0.0381 (9)0.0003 (8)0.0102 (8)−0.0032 (8)
C130.0651 (13)0.0909 (17)0.0408 (10)0.0048 (12)0.0178 (10)−0.0003 (11)
C140.0399 (11)0.115 (2)0.0415 (10)0.0116 (11)0.0065 (8)−0.0021 (11)
C150.0470 (12)0.156 (3)0.0552 (13)0.0292 (15)0.0053 (10)0.0027 (15)
C160.0679 (16)0.170 (3)0.0488 (13)0.0225 (18)0.0092 (11)0.0315 (16)
C170.0536 (14)0.154 (3)0.0663 (15)−0.0061 (16)−0.0019 (11)−0.0380 (17)
Geometric parameters (Å, °) top
Cl1—C31.737 (2)C8—H80.9300
O1—N11.233 (8)C9—C101.407 (3)
O2—N11.217 (8)C9—C131.511 (2)
O3—C121.322 (2)C10—C111.379 (2)
O3—H30.8200C10—H100.9300
O1'—N11.195 (7)C11—C121.423 (2)
O2'—N11.179 (10)C11—C141.537 (3)
N1—C11.469 (3)C13—H13A0.9600
N2—N31.285 (2)C13—H13B0.9600
N2—C61.413 (2)C13—H13C0.9600
N3—C71.378 (2)C14—C171.534 (4)
C1—C21.382 (3)C14—C161.536 (4)
C1—C61.397 (3)C14—C151.540 (3)
C2—C31.365 (3)C15—H15A0.9600
C2—H20.9300C15—H15B0.9600
C3—C41.381 (3)C15—H15C0.9600
C4—C51.376 (3)C16—H16A0.9600
C4—H40.9300C16—H16B0.9600
C5—C61.392 (3)C16—H16C0.9600
C5—H50.9300C17—H17A0.9600
C7—C81.408 (2)C17—H17B0.9600
C7—C121.429 (3)C17—H17C0.9600
C8—C91.362 (3)
C12—O3—H3109.5C9—C10—H10117.5
O2'—N1—O1'119.6 (10)C10—C11—C12116.78 (16)
O2—N1—O1126.8 (8)C10—C11—C14122.62 (17)
O2'—N1—C1118.1 (7)C12—C11—C14120.59 (16)
O1'—N1—C1122.2 (5)O3—C12—C11119.79 (16)
O2—N1—C1116.6 (5)O3—C12—C7120.99 (16)
O1—N1—C1116.4 (6)C11—C12—C7119.20 (15)
N3—N2—C6114.81 (15)C9—C13—H13A109.5
N2—N3—C7116.74 (15)C9—C13—H13B109.5
C2—C1—C6122.12 (19)H13A—C13—H13B109.5
C2—C1—N1116.10 (18)C9—C13—H13C109.5
C6—C1—N1121.77 (17)H13A—C13—H13C109.5
C3—C2—C1118.8 (2)H13B—C13—H13C109.5
C3—C2—H2120.6C17—C14—C16111.1 (2)
C1—C2—H2120.6C17—C14—C11109.2 (2)
C2—C3—C4120.94 (19)C16—C14—C11110.12 (19)
C2—C3—Cl1119.29 (17)C17—C14—C15107.7 (2)
C4—C3—Cl1119.75 (18)C16—C14—C15107.5 (2)
C5—C4—C3119.8 (2)C11—C14—C15111.17 (17)
C5—C4—H4120.1C14—C15—H15A109.5
C3—C4—H4120.1C14—C15—H15B109.5
C4—C5—C6121.11 (19)H15A—C15—H15B109.5
C4—C5—H5119.4C14—C15—H15C109.5
C6—C5—H5119.4H15A—C15—H15C109.5
C5—C6—C1117.11 (17)H15B—C15—H15C109.5
C5—C6—N2122.56 (17)C14—C16—H16A109.5
C1—C6—N2120.32 (17)C14—C16—H16B109.5
N3—C7—C8114.70 (16)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
N3—C7—C12124.97 (16)C14—C16—H16C109.5
C8—C7—C12120.30 (16)H16A—C16—H16C109.5
C9—C8—C7120.93 (17)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
C9—C8—H8119.5C14—C17—H17A109.5
C7—C8—H8119.5C14—C17—H17B109.5
C8—C9—C10117.79 (16)H17A—C17—H17B109.5
C8—C9—C13122.19 (17)C14—C17—H17C109.5
C10—C9—C13120.00 (17)H17A—C17—H17C109.5
C11—C10—C9124.95 (17)H17B—C17—H17C109.5
C11—C10—H10117.5
C6—N2—N3—C7−179.36 (15)N2—N3—C7—C8177.70 (16)
O2'—N1—C1—C212 (2)N2—N3—C7—C12−0.3 (3)
O1'—N1—C1—C2−165.3 (16)N3—C7—C8—C9−177.44 (18)
O2—N1—C1—C2−32.9 (10)C12—C7—C8—C90.7 (3)
O1—N1—C1—C2142.5 (11)C7—C8—C9—C10−2.1 (3)
O2'—N1—C1—C6−168 (2)C7—C8—C9—C13176.00 (19)
O1'—N1—C1—C614.0 (16)C8—C9—C10—C111.5 (3)
O2—N1—C1—C6146.4 (10)C13—C9—C10—C11−176.6 (2)
O1—N1—C1—C6−38.2 (11)C9—C10—C11—C120.6 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C30.7 (3)C9—C10—C11—C14179.5 (2)
N1—C1—C2—C3−179.9 (2)C10—C11—C12—O3176.69 (19)
C1—C2—C3—C41.4 (3)C14—C11—C12—O3−2.2 (3)
C1—C2—C3—Cl1−177.30 (16)C10—C11—C12—C7−2.0 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5−2.0 (3)C14—C11—C12—C7179.05 (19)
Cl1—C3—C4—C5176.67 (17)N3—C7—C12—O30.7 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C60.5 (3)C8—C7—C12—O3−177.22 (18)
C4—C5—C6—C11.5 (3)N3—C7—C12—C11179.40 (18)
C4—C5—C6—N2−177.41 (19)C8—C7—C12—C111.5 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C5−2.1 (3)C10—C11—C14—C17−114.1 (2)
N1—C1—C6—C5178.6 (2)C12—C11—C14—C1764.7 (3)
C2—C1—C6—N2176.80 (19)C10—C11—C14—C16123.6 (2)
N1—C1—C6—N2−2.5 (3)C12—C11—C14—C16−57.5 (3)
N3—N2—C6—C50.2 (3)C10—C11—C14—C154.6 (3)
N3—N2—C6—C1−178.68 (17)C12—C11—C14—C15−176.6 (2)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O3—H3···O1'0.822.282.933 (7)136
O3—H3···O10.822.503.142 (12)136
O3—H3···N20.821.842.553 (2)145
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O3—H3···O1'0.822.282.933 (7)136
O3—H3···O10.822.503.142 (12)136
O3—H3···N20.821.842.553 (2)145
Acknowledgements top

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20662007) and the Key Laboratory Open Foundation of Food Science of the Ministry of Education, Nanchang University (NCU200407).

references
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