1H-Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-7-ium perchlorate monohydrate

In the title crystal structure, C13H9N4 +·ClO4 −·H2O, cations, anions and water molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to (001). In addition, there are weak π–π stacking interactions between the layers, involving the cations and with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.584 (2)–3.662 (2) Å, forming a three-dimensional network.

The asymmetric unit of (I) is shown in Fig 1. In the crystal structure N-H···O, O-H···N and O-H···O hydrogen bonds link cations, water molecules and perchlorate anions into a 2-D network (Fig. 2). Details of the hydrogen-bonding geometry are given in Table 1. In addition, there are weak π-π stacking interactions between layers, involving cations with centroid to centroid distances in the range 3.584 (2)-3.662 (2)Å forming a three-dimensional network.
Experimental IP (0.23 mg,0.1 mmol), Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 (0.27 mg, 0.1 mmol), were dissolved in methanol. The mixture was heated and stirred for ten hours under reflux. The resulting solid was then filtered off to give a pure solution which was treated with diethyl ether in a closed vessel. Five weeks later, single crystals were obtained.

Refinement
All H atoms were visible in difference Fourier maps but were subsequently placed in calculated positions treated as riding with C-H = 0.93, N-H == 0.86Å and with U iso (H) = 1.2U eq (C,N). The H atoms of the water molecules were included in the subsequent refinement with O-H = 0.84Å and U iso (H) = 1.5U eq (O). Fig. 1. The asymmetric unit of (I) with displacement ellipdoids drawn at the the 30% probability level. H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary radii.

Special details
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F 2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F 2 , conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F 2 . The threshold expression of F 2 > 2sigma(F 2 ) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F 2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger.