supplementary materials


Acta Cryst. (2009). E65, m1378-m1379    [ doi:10.1107/S160053680904166X ]

Dibromido(2,3,9,10-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene)cobalt(III) bromide

H. El-Ghamry, R. Issa, K. El-Baradie, S. Masaoka and K. Sakai

Abstract top

In the title compound, [CoBr2(C14H24N4)]·Br, the CoIII ion is located on an inversion centre and possesses a distorted octahedral coordination geometry in which four nitrogen donors of the ligand molecule are in the equatorial plane and two Br- ions occupy both the axial sites to give a trans isomer. The Br- counter- anion is also located on an inversion centre.

Comment top

Most of the known synthetic macrocyclic ligands and their metal complexes have been prepared and characterized during the last few decades. Most commonly they are quadridentates containing nitrogen donor atoms, although compounds containing oxygen and sulfur donors are also known (Douglas, 1978). Metal template synthesis of multidentate and macromonocyclic ligands have been established over the last three decades as offering high yield and selective routes to new ligands and their complexes (Comba et al., 1986). Transition metal macrocyclic complexes have received much attention as active part of metalloenzymes (Chaudhary et al., 2002) as biomimic model compounds (Jones et al., 1979) due to their resemblance with natural proteins like hemerythrin and enzymes. They also played an important role as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation processes (Chandra et al., 2008). There are some recent reports about some macrocyclic CoII and CoIII complexes which showed high activity towards H2 evolution electrochemically (Hu et al., 2007) or photochemically (Fihri, Artero, Pereira & Fontecave, 2008; Fihri, Artero, Razavet et al., 2008; Du et al., 2008). The title compound has been observed to evolve H2 electrocatalytically in acetonitrile (Hu et al., 2007). Unfortunately, it is found that this compound does not show any catalytic activity towards H2 evolution in a well known photosystem consisting of tris (2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) as a photosensitizer, methylviologen (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) as an electron mediator, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt as a sacrificial electron donor. Because of our on-going studies on the H2-evolving activity of PtII based molecular catalysts (Yamauchi et al., 2009), attempts have been made to obtain the PtII complex of the present macrocyclic ligand. However the metal exchange from CoIII to PtII has been unsuccessful so far, presunably due to the extremely high stability of the CoIII complex, during the course of these studies we have succeeded in the x-ray crystal structure determination of the present compound.

The CoIII ion and the Br- ion involved as a counter anion are respectively located at crystallographic inversion centers. Because of these requirements four nitrogen donors, two of them are independent, comprise a crystalloaphically planar geometry and the CoIII ion is also located exactly on the same plane. The vector defined by the Co—Br bond is slightly declined from the vector which is peependicular to the basal plane consisting of the four nitrogen donor atoms which can be recognized from the N—Co—Br angles; [N2—Co1—Br1=91.78 (4)° and N1—Co1—Br1=89.14 (4)°]. It is also observed that the Co—N, NC and N—C bond distances of 1.9208 (13), 1.288 (2) and 1.472 (2) Å, respectively, are in accordance with the reported values for similar CoIII imine type macrocyclic complexes [2,9-dimethyl-3,10- diphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene)cobalt(III); Co—N, NC and N—C distances are 1.923 (13), 1.278 (3) and 1.478 (3) Å, respectively] (Baird et al., 1993). The N2, C4, C5i, C6i and N1i atoms form an envelope geometry in which the triangle defined by atoms C4, C5i and C6i is canted by 60.77 (11)° with respect to the least square plane defined by N1i, C6i, C4 and N2 atoms [symmetry code: (i) -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 2]. No remarkable intercationic or cation-anion interactions are found in the crystal.

Related literature top

For background to macrocyclic ligands and their metal complexes, see: Baird et al. (1993); Chandra & Verma (2008) and references therein; Chaudhary et al. (2002); Comba et al. (1986); Douglas (1978); Jones et al. (1979). For background to H2 evolution catalysis of macrocyclic metal complexes, see: Du et al. (2008); Fihri, Artero, Pereira & Fontecave (2008); Fihri, Artero, Razavet et al. (2008); Hu et al. (2007); Yamauchi et al. (2009). For the synthesis, see: Jackels et al. (1972).

Experimental top

The title compound was synthesized according to the method reported by Jackels et al. (1972). Elemental analysis calculated for C14H24N4Br3Co: C 30.74, H 4.42, N 10.42%. Found: C 30.40, H 4.50, N 10.04%. ESI-TOF MS (positive ion, methanol): m/z 466.9 [M+]. IR (ν, cm-1): 3204(w), 2980(m), 2933(s), 2889(s), 2766(w), 2005(m), 1615(w), 1597(m), 1476(m), 1461(s), 1426(m), 1408(m), 1372(w), 1333(w), 1288(m), 1214(s), 1187(m), 1026(m), 938(s), 868(m), 831(w), 806(w), 777(s), 560(w), 444(s). Recrystallization of the crude product by a method reported in the same paper resulted in the formation of dark green crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis.

Refinement top

All H atoms were placed in idealized positions (methyl C—H = 0.96 Å, methylene C—H = 0.97 Å), and included in the refinement in a riding-model approximation, with Uiso(H) =1.5Ueq(methyl C) and Uiso(H) =1.2Ueq(methylene C). In the final difference Fourier map, the highest peak was located 0.97 Å from atom Br1. The deepest hole was located 1.92 Å from atom Br1.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: KENX (Sakai, 2004); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), TEXSAN (Molecular Structure Corporation, 2001), KENX (Sakai, 2004) and ORTEP (Johnson, 1976).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I) showing the atom-labeling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. A stereoview for the crystal packing of (I).
Dibromido(2,3,9,10-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10- tetraene)cobalt(III) bromide top
Crystal data top
[CoBr2(C14H24N4)]·BrZ = 1
Mr = 547.03F(000) = 268
Triclinic, P1? # Insert any comments here.
Hall symbol: -P 1Dx = 2.023 Mg m3
a = 7.3888 (10) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 7.5157 (10) ÅCell parameters from 4684 reflections
c = 8.1929 (11) Åθ = 2.5–28.3°
α = 84.647 (10)°µ = 7.63 mm1
β = 84.76 (1)°T = 100 K
γ = 84.094 (10)°Brocks, dark green
V = 449.04 (10) Å30.60 × 0.40 × 0.30 mm
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX CCD-detector
diffractometer
1758 independent reflections
Radiation source: sealed tube1739 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphiteRint = 0.015
φ and ω scansθmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.5°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
h = 99
Tmin = 0.045, Tmax = 0.101k = 99
4629 measured reflectionsl = 1010
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.016H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.040 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0205P)2 + 0.2736P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.15(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
1758 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.39 e Å3
105 parametersΔρmin = 0.72 e Å3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXL
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.036 (4)
Crystal data top
[CoBr2(C14H24N4)]·Brγ = 84.094 (10)°
Mr = 547.03V = 449.04 (10) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 1
a = 7.3888 (10) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 7.5157 (10) ŵ = 7.63 mm1
c = 8.1929 (11) ÅT = 100 K
α = 84.647 (10)°0.60 × 0.40 × 0.30 mm
β = 84.76 (1)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX CCD-detector
diffractometer
1758 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
1739 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.045, Tmax = 0.101Rint = 0.015
4629 measured reflectionsθmax = 26.0°
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.016H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.040Δρmax = 0.39 e Å3
S = 1.15Δρmin = 0.72 e Å3
1758 reflectionsAbsolute structure: ?
105 parametersFlack parameter: ?
0 restraintsRogers parameter: ?
Special details top

Experimental. The first 50 frames were rescanned at the end of data collection to evaluate any possible decay phenomenon. Since it was judged to be negligible, no decay correction was applied to the data.

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Least-squares planes (x,y,z in crystal coordinates) and deviations from them (* indicates atom used to define plane)

4.5770 (0.0058) x + 4.5950 (0.0059) y - 3.7053 (0.0042) z = 0.8322 (0.0063)

* 0.0209 (0.0009) C4 * -0.0208 (0.0009) C6_$1 * -0.0182 (0.0008) N2 * 0.0181 (0.0008) N1_$1

Rms deviation of fitted atoms = 0.0195

- 2.0878 (0.0161) x + 6.6317 (0.0050) y - 1.8850 (0.0100) z = 2.7313 (0.0098)

Angle to previous plane (with approximate e.s.d.) = 60.77 (0.11)

* 0.0000 (0.0000) C4 * 0.0000 (0.0000) C5_$1 * 0.0000 (0.0000) C6_$1

Rms deviation of fitted atoms = 0.0000

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Br10.32441 (2)0.29517 (2)1.169271 (18)0.01131 (7)
Br20.00000.00000.50000.01880 (8)
Co10.50000.50001.00000.00682 (8)
N10.57154 (18)0.31635 (18)0.85246 (16)0.0103 (3)
N20.30942 (18)0.55749 (18)0.85385 (16)0.0097 (3)
C10.4642 (2)0.3094 (2)0.7383 (2)0.0117 (3)
C20.3142 (2)0.4563 (2)0.7350 (2)0.0109 (3)
C30.1898 (2)0.4778 (3)0.5990 (2)0.0169 (4)
H3A0.11350.38080.61090.025*
H3B0.26120.47680.49510.025*
H3C0.11500.58980.60380.025*
C40.1733 (2)0.7132 (2)0.8684 (2)0.0143 (3)
H4A0.06530.69240.81670.017*
H4B0.22260.81870.81090.017*
C50.8791 (2)0.2526 (2)0.9535 (2)0.0145 (3)
H5A0.91140.36380.89330.017*
H5B0.98640.16680.94800.017*
C60.7296 (2)0.1820 (2)0.8706 (2)0.0148 (3)
H6A0.77770.14730.76280.018*
H6B0.69020.07580.93490.018*
C70.4802 (3)0.1698 (2)0.6181 (2)0.0174 (4)
H7A0.53700.21630.51500.026*
H7B0.36080.13820.60210.026*
H7C0.55310.06520.65980.026*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Br10.01353 (10)0.01049 (10)0.01015 (10)0.00325 (6)0.00175 (6)0.00102 (6)
Br20.01990 (13)0.01933 (14)0.01523 (13)0.00443 (10)0.00017 (9)0.00027 (10)
Co10.00848 (15)0.00660 (14)0.00573 (15)0.00006 (11)0.00254 (11)0.00114 (11)
N10.0123 (7)0.0092 (6)0.0097 (6)0.0010 (5)0.0021 (5)0.0005 (5)
N20.0107 (6)0.0098 (6)0.0085 (6)0.0012 (5)0.0019 (5)0.0003 (5)
C10.0148 (8)0.0110 (7)0.0096 (7)0.0023 (6)0.0010 (6)0.0010 (6)
C20.0122 (8)0.0120 (7)0.0091 (7)0.0035 (6)0.0022 (6)0.0002 (6)
C30.0185 (9)0.0210 (9)0.0125 (8)0.0014 (7)0.0081 (7)0.0044 (7)
C40.0145 (8)0.0140 (8)0.0143 (8)0.0047 (6)0.0057 (6)0.0020 (6)
C50.0133 (8)0.0136 (8)0.0162 (8)0.0036 (6)0.0031 (6)0.0020 (7)
C60.0168 (8)0.0120 (8)0.0162 (8)0.0038 (6)0.0046 (7)0.0063 (6)
C70.0232 (9)0.0159 (8)0.0147 (8)0.0005 (7)0.0058 (7)0.0077 (7)
Geometric parameters (Å, °) top
Br1—Co12.3792 (2)C3—H3C0.9600
Co1—N21.9208 (13)C4—H4A0.9700
Co1—N11.9210 (13)C4—H4B0.9700
N1—C11.288 (2)C5—C61.513 (2)
N1—C61.472 (2)C5—H5A0.9700
N2—C21.286 (2)C5—H5B0.9700
N2—C41.469 (2)C6—H6A0.9700
C1—C21.482 (2)C6—H6B0.9700
C1—C71.494 (2)C7—H7A0.9600
C2—C31.495 (2)C7—H7B0.9600
C3—H3A0.9600C7—H7C0.9600
C3—H3B0.9600
N2i—Co1—N2180.000 (1)C2—C3—H3C109.5
N2—Co1—N1i98.31 (6)H3A—C3—H3C109.5
N2i—Co1—N198.31 (6)H3B—C3—H3C109.5
N2—Co1—N181.69 (6)N2—C4—H4A109.3
N1i—Co1—N1180.0C5i—C4—H4A109.3
N2—Co1—Br1i88.22 (4)N2—C4—H4B109.3
N1—Co1—Br1i90.86 (4)C5i—C4—H4B109.3
N2i—Co1—Br188.22 (4)H4A—C4—H4B108.0
N2—Co1—Br191.78 (4)C6—C5—H5A108.8
N1i—Co1—Br190.86 (4)C4i—C5—H5A108.8
N1—Co1—Br189.14 (4)C6—C5—H5B108.8
C1—N1—C6120.39 (14)C4i—C5—H5B108.8
C1—N1—Co1115.40 (11)H5A—C5—H5B107.7
C6—N1—Co1124.08 (10)N1—C6—C5112.00 (13)
C2—N2—C4121.39 (14)N1—C6—H6A109.2
C2—N2—Co1115.56 (11)C5—C6—H6A109.2
C4—N2—Co1122.93 (11)N1—C6—H6B109.2
N1—C1—C2113.55 (14)C5—C6—H6B109.2
N1—C1—C7125.76 (15)H6A—C6—H6B107.9
C2—C1—C7120.68 (14)C1—C7—H7A109.5
N2—C2—C1113.57 (14)C1—C7—H7B109.5
N2—C2—C3126.51 (15)H7A—C7—H7B109.5
C1—C2—C3119.89 (14)C1—C7—H7C109.5
C2—C3—H3A109.5H7A—C7—H7C109.5
C2—C3—H3B109.5H7B—C7—H7C109.5
H3A—C3—H3B109.5
C6—N1—C1—C2178.89 (14)C7—C1—C2—N2174.67 (15)
Co1—N1—C1—C25.11 (18)N1—C1—C2—C3173.64 (15)
C6—N1—C1—C71.7 (3)C7—C1—C2—C36.9 (2)
Co1—N1—C1—C7174.28 (13)C2—N2—C4—C5i148.20 (15)
C4—N2—C2—C1178.26 (14)Co1—N2—C4—C5i35.93 (19)
Co1—N2—C2—C12.11 (18)C1—N1—C6—C5154.97 (15)
C4—N2—C2—C30.0 (3)Co1—N1—C6—C529.39 (19)
Co1—N2—C2—C3176.16 (14)C4i—C5—C6—N166.89 (18)
N1—C1—C2—N24.8 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2.
Acknowledgements top

This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (No. 17205008), a Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research (No. 18002016) and a Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program ('Science for Future Molecular Systems') from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. HE acknowledges the Egyptian Channel System for financial support to promote the joint research project between Tanta and Kyushu Universities.

references
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