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Acta Cryst. (2011). E67, o1600    [ doi:10.1107/S1600536811020666 ]

4-(Morpholin-4-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile

H.-K. Fun, S. I. J. Asik, R. Kumar, A. M. Isloor and K. N. Shivananda

Abstract top

In the title benzonitrile compound, C12H11F3N2O, an intramolecular C-H...F hydrogen bond generates an S(7) ring motif. The trifluoromethyl group is disordered over two orientations with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.549 (16):0.451 (16). The morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The benzene ring and mean plane of the morpholine ring make a dihedral angle of 58.04 (10)° with each other. In the crystal, molecules are connected by intermolecular C-H...F and C-H...O interactions to form R22(8) ring motifs. These interactions also link the molecules into chains parallel to the [10\overline{1}] direction.

Comment top

Benzonitriles are of considerable interest in organic chemistry as an integral part of dyes, herbicides, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. The nitrile group also serves as an important intermediate for a multitude of possible transformations into other functional groups and morpholine ring is important for antimicrobial activity (Raparti et al., 2009). As an example, in the synthesis of Fluvoxamine (Schareina et al., 2004), 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile, which is available from 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride by nickel-catalyzed cyanation on ton-scale, serves as an intermediate. Benzonitriles themselves are also of significant interest as substructures in biologically active agents. Bicalutamid and fadrozole are examples of pharmaceuticals containing an aromatic nitrile as part of the molecule. Prompted by these observations, we synthesized the title compound for studying its crystal structure.

In the title benzonitriles compound, an intramolecular C4—H4A···F1 hydrogen bond (Table 1) generates a seven-membered ring, producing an S(7) hydrogen bond ring motif (Fig. 1; Bernstein et al., 1995). The trifluoromethyl group (F1–F3) is disordered over two orientations with refined occupancies of 0.549 (16) and 0.451 (16). The morpholine (C1–C4/N1/O1) ring adopts a chair conformation. The puckering parameters are Q = 0.5731 (18) Å, θ = 178.85 (17)°, φ = 322 (5)° (Cremer & Pople, 1975). The benzene ring (C6–C10) and mean plane of the morpholine ring (C1–C4/O1/N1) make a dihedral angle of 58.04 (10)° with each other. The bond lengths (Allen et al., 1987) and angles in the title of compound show the normal values.

In the crystal packing (Fig. 2), the molecules are connected by intermolecular interactions C2—H2B···F3 and C9—H9A···O1 hydrogen bonds to form R22(8) ring motifs. These interactions also link the molecules into chains parallel to the [1 0 1] direction.

Related literature top

For general background and applications of materials related to the title compound, see: Raparti et al. (2009). For the synthesis of fluvoxamine, see: Schareina et al. (2004). For synthesis of the title compound, see: Klemann et al. (2001). For graph-set theory, see: Bernstein et al. (1995). For bond-length data, see: Allen et al. (1987). For definition of puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975).

Experimental top

4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (3 g, 0.0158 mol) was taken in acetonitrile (50 ml) at 298–299 K under nitrogen atmosphere. Potassium carbonate (2.6 g, 0.019 mol) and morpholine (1.65 g, 0.019 mol) were added at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 353 K for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 298–299 K, concentrated under vacuum and the crude product was diluted with water (100 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was further washed with water (100 ml), brine solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to get the desired product as colourless crystalline solid, recrystallised from ethanol (Klemann et al., 2001). Yield 3.8 g (94%), M.p.: 408–410 K.

Refinement top

Atoms F1, F2 and F3 are disordered over two sets of sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.549 (16):0.451 (16). All the H atoms were placed in calculated positions with C–H = 0.93 or 0.97 Å, The Uiso values were constrained to be 1.2Ueq of the carrier atoms.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The structure of the title compound, showing 30% probability displacement ellipsoids.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The crystal packing, viewed along the b axis, showing the chains parallel to the [1 0 1] direction. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.
4-(Morpholin-4-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile top
Crystal data top
C12H11F3N2OF(000) = 528
Mr = 256.23Dx = 1.456 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 3536 reflections
a = 12.7003 (12) Åθ = 3.1–29.3°
b = 6.8990 (7) ŵ = 0.13 mm−1
c = 13.3484 (13) ÅT = 296 K
β = 91.668 (2)°Plate, colourless
V = 1169.1 (2) Å30.85 × 0.25 × 0.12 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
Bruker APEX DUO CCD area-detector
diffractometer		3382 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube2399 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphiteRint = 0.021
φ and ω scansθmax = 30.0°, θmin = 2.3°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2009)		h = −15→17
Tmin = 0.899, Tmax = 0.985k = −9→9
11929 measured reflectionsl = −18→18
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.132 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0566P)2 + 0.1831P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.07(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3382 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.25 e Å−3
192 parametersΔρmin = −0.16 e Å−3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.010 (2)
Crystal data top
C12H11F3N2OV = 1169.1 (2) Å3
Mr = 256.23Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation
a = 12.7003 (12) ŵ = 0.13 mm−1
b = 6.8990 (7) ÅT = 296 K
c = 13.3484 (13) Å0.85 × 0.25 × 0.12 mm
β = 91.668 (2)°
Data collection top
Bruker APEX DUO CCD area-detector
diffractometer		3382 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2009)		2399 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.899, Tmax = 0.985Rint = 0.021
11929 measured reflectionsθmax = 30.0°
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.132Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3
S = 1.07Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3
3382 reflectionsAbsolute structure: ?
192 parametersFlack parameter: ?
0 restraintsRogers parameter: ?
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
F10.7836 (5)0.4513 (6)0.0784 (4)0.0736 (12)0.549 (16)
F20.8776 (5)0.2468 (9)0.1535 (5)0.0737 (13)0.549 (16)
F30.7289 (6)0.3126 (14)0.2091 (5)0.102 (2)0.549 (16)
F1B0.7282 (13)0.4501 (8)0.1030 (7)0.110 (3)0.451 (16)
F2B0.8734 (6)0.301 (2)0.1241 (10)0.107 (3)0.451 (16)
F3B0.7507 (7)0.2605 (15)0.2204 (4)0.090 (2)0.451 (16)
O10.98647 (10)0.34879 (18)−0.21269 (9)0.0691 (4)
N10.85532 (8)0.17086 (16)−0.07037 (8)0.0412 (3)
N20.45173 (11)−0.3350 (2)0.12877 (13)0.0742 (4)
C10.92779 (15)0.0579 (2)−0.12999 (16)0.0747 (6)
H1A0.89180.0116−0.19050.090*
H1B0.9527−0.0536−0.09190.090*
C21.01990 (16)0.1842 (3)−0.15715 (18)0.0829 (7)
H2A1.05700.2260−0.09640.099*
H2B1.06850.1093−0.19640.099*
C30.91524 (13)0.4581 (2)−0.15705 (15)0.0675 (5)
H3A0.89160.5687−0.19650.081*
H3B0.95100.5067−0.09700.081*
C40.82075 (12)0.3401 (2)−0.12777 (13)0.0598 (4)
H4A0.77460.4189−0.08780.072*
H4B0.78160.2990−0.18750.072*
C50.77145 (9)0.06434 (17)−0.02829 (8)0.0364 (3)
C60.72846 (11)−0.0982 (2)−0.07585 (10)0.0487 (3)
H6A0.7562−0.1390−0.13610.058*
C70.64609 (11)−0.2008 (2)−0.03650 (11)0.0505 (3)
H7A0.6187−0.3087−0.06990.061*
C80.60446 (10)−0.14135 (19)0.05332 (10)0.0418 (3)
C90.64620 (9)0.01808 (19)0.10331 (9)0.0394 (3)
H9A0.61820.05710.16370.047*
C100.72972 (9)0.12021 (17)0.06375 (9)0.0360 (3)
C110.77589 (11)0.2827 (2)0.12573 (11)0.0481 (3)
C120.51905 (11)−0.2485 (2)0.09623 (11)0.0517 (3)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
F10.100 (3)0.0403 (11)0.0802 (18)−0.0085 (14)−0.0012 (17)−0.0078 (10)
F20.053 (2)0.0799 (19)0.086 (3)−0.0015 (17)−0.020 (2)−0.0182 (16)
F30.085 (2)0.134 (5)0.090 (4)−0.050 (2)0.059 (2)−0.073 (3)
F1B0.175 (8)0.0450 (17)0.107 (4)0.028 (3)−0.034 (4)−0.021 (2)
F2B0.058 (3)0.148 (7)0.118 (6)−0.054 (4)0.036 (3)−0.083 (5)
F3B0.133 (5)0.104 (4)0.0318 (17)−0.054 (3)0.004 (2)−0.013 (2)
O10.0764 (8)0.0712 (7)0.0617 (7)−0.0107 (6)0.0354 (6)0.0108 (6)
N10.0425 (5)0.0427 (5)0.0392 (5)−0.0004 (4)0.0159 (4)0.0028 (4)
N20.0601 (8)0.0777 (10)0.0852 (11)−0.0232 (7)0.0116 (7)0.0158 (8)
C10.0833 (12)0.0516 (9)0.0924 (13)0.0031 (8)0.0588 (10)0.0010 (8)
C20.0725 (11)0.0692 (11)0.1103 (16)0.0081 (9)0.0591 (11)0.0188 (11)
C30.0664 (10)0.0548 (9)0.0829 (12)−0.0047 (7)0.0286 (9)0.0168 (8)
C40.0516 (8)0.0597 (9)0.0687 (10)−0.0008 (7)0.0136 (7)0.0229 (7)
C50.0377 (6)0.0381 (6)0.0337 (6)−0.0008 (5)0.0066 (4)0.0022 (5)
C60.0578 (8)0.0498 (7)0.0391 (7)−0.0086 (6)0.0120 (6)−0.0086 (5)
C70.0559 (8)0.0448 (7)0.0508 (8)−0.0115 (6)0.0041 (6)−0.0066 (6)
C80.0362 (6)0.0433 (6)0.0461 (7)−0.0038 (5)0.0028 (5)0.0078 (5)
C90.0361 (6)0.0456 (6)0.0368 (6)0.0005 (5)0.0074 (4)0.0028 (5)
C100.0356 (6)0.0380 (6)0.0348 (6)−0.0006 (4)0.0058 (4)−0.0012 (5)
C110.0506 (7)0.0496 (7)0.0447 (7)−0.0063 (6)0.0117 (6)−0.0101 (6)
C120.0448 (7)0.0528 (8)0.0577 (8)−0.0089 (6)0.0026 (6)0.0081 (6)
Geometric parameters (Å, °) top
F1—C111.328 (4)C3—C41.511 (2)
F2—C111.357 (6)C3—H3A0.9700
F3—C111.294 (5)C3—H3B0.9700
F1B—C111.335 (5)C4—H4A0.9700
F2B—C111.245 (7)C4—H4B0.9700
F3B—C111.321 (6)C5—C61.3925 (18)
O1—C31.4064 (19)C5—C101.4060 (16)
O1—C21.415 (2)C6—C71.3794 (18)
N1—C51.4230 (14)C6—H6A0.9300
N1—C41.4573 (18)C7—C81.3863 (19)
N1—C11.4597 (17)C7—H7A0.9300
N2—C121.1388 (18)C8—C91.3840 (18)
C1—C21.511 (2)C8—C121.4449 (18)
C1—H1A0.9700C9—C101.3902 (16)
C1—H1B0.9700C9—H9A0.9300
C2—H2A0.9700C10—C111.5023 (18)
C2—H2B0.9700
C3—O1—C2109.97 (12)C5—C6—H6A119.0
C5—N1—C4113.82 (10)C6—C7—C8119.37 (12)
C5—N1—C1115.51 (11)C6—C7—H7A120.3
C4—N1—C1109.04 (12)C8—C7—H7A120.3
N1—C1—C2109.13 (14)C9—C8—C7120.10 (11)
N1—C1—H1A109.9C9—C8—C12119.81 (12)
C2—C1—H1A109.9C7—C8—C12120.08 (12)
N1—C1—H1B109.9C8—C9—C10120.36 (11)
C2—C1—H1B109.9C8—C9—H9A119.8
H1A—C1—H1B108.3C10—C9—H9A119.8
O1—C2—C1111.47 (17)C9—C10—C5120.27 (11)
O1—C2—H2A109.3C9—C10—C11117.32 (11)
C1—C2—H2A109.3C5—C10—C11122.33 (11)
O1—C2—H2B109.3F2B—C11—F3118.8 (5)
C1—C2—H2B109.3F2B—C11—F3B107.3 (6)
H2A—C2—H2B108.0F2B—C11—F179.4 (6)
O1—C3—C4112.06 (14)F3—C11—F1108.2 (4)
O1—C3—H3A109.2F3B—C11—F1125.4 (4)
C4—C3—H3A109.2F2B—C11—F1B110.7 (4)
O1—C3—H3B109.2F3—C11—F1B80.8 (4)
C4—C3—H3B109.2F3B—C11—F1B101.4 (5)
H3A—C3—H3B107.9F3—C11—F2104.7 (4)
N1—C4—C3109.77 (13)F3B—C11—F288.5 (5)
N1—C4—H4A109.7F1—C11—F2101.9 (3)
C3—C4—H4A109.7F1B—C11—F2129.9 (6)
N1—C4—H4B109.7F2B—C11—C10116.0 (4)
C3—C4—H4B109.7F3—C11—C10114.2 (3)
H4A—C4—H4B108.2F3B—C11—C10109.8 (4)
C6—C5—C10117.81 (11)F1—C11—C10115.1 (2)
C6—C5—N1121.60 (11)F1B—C11—C10110.7 (3)
C10—C5—N1120.59 (11)F2—C11—C10111.6 (3)
C7—C6—C5122.07 (12)N2—C12—C8178.91 (18)
C7—C6—H6A119.0
C5—N1—C1—C2−172.23 (15)C8—C9—C10—C51.04 (18)
C4—N1—C1—C258.1 (2)C8—C9—C10—C11−175.72 (12)
C3—O1—C2—C158.5 (2)C6—C5—C10—C9−1.85 (18)
N1—C1—C2—O1−59.4 (2)N1—C5—C10—C9178.54 (11)
C2—O1—C3—C4−57.5 (2)C6—C5—C10—C11174.75 (12)
C5—N1—C4—C3172.24 (13)N1—C5—C10—C11−4.86 (18)
C1—N1—C4—C3−57.19 (18)C9—C10—C11—F2B141.6 (9)
O1—C3—C4—N157.6 (2)C5—C10—C11—F2B−35.0 (9)
C4—N1—C5—C696.34 (15)C9—C10—C11—F3−2.1 (6)
C1—N1—C5—C6−30.95 (19)C5—C10—C11—F3−178.8 (5)
C4—N1—C5—C10−84.08 (15)C9—C10—C11—F3B19.9 (5)
C1—N1—C5—C10148.64 (14)C5—C10—C11—F3B−156.8 (5)
C10—C5—C6—C71.4 (2)C9—C10—C11—F1−128.2 (4)
N1—C5—C6—C7−178.98 (13)C5—C10—C11—F155.1 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C8−0.1 (2)C9—C10—C11—F1B−91.2 (8)
C6—C7—C8—C9−0.7 (2)C5—C10—C11—F1B92.2 (8)
C6—C7—C8—C12−179.22 (13)C9—C10—C11—F2116.3 (3)
C7—C8—C9—C100.27 (19)C5—C10—C11—F2−60.4 (3)
C12—C8—C9—C10178.77 (12)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C2—H2B···F3i0.972.493.242 (5)135
C4—H4A···F10.972.232.909 (6)126
C9—H9A···O1ii0.932.473.3588 (16)160
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, z+1/2.
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C2—H2B···F3i0.972.493.242 (5)135
C4—H4A···F10.972.232.909 (6)126
C9—H9A···O1ii0.932.473.3588 (16)160
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, z+1/2.
Acknowledgements top

H-KF and SIJA thank Universiti Sains Malaysia for Research University Grants (No.1001/PFIZIK/811160 and No.1001/PFIZIK/811151). AMI is thankful to the Department of Atomic Energy, Board for Research in Nuclear Sciences, Government of India, for a 'Young Scientist' award. RK thanks the Defence Research Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India, for financial support.

references
References top

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