3-Hy­droxy-2-(hy­droxy­meth­yl)pyridinium chloride

Betz, R.; Gerber, T.; Hosten, E.

doi:10.1107/S1600536811032405

organic compounds

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Volume 67| Part 9| September 2011| Page o2348

doi:10.1107/S1600536811032405

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3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride

Richard Betz,^a ^* Thomas Gerber ^a and Eric Hosten ^a

^aNelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Summerstrand Campus, Department of Chemistry, University Way, Summerstrand, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
^*Correspondence e-mail: richard.betz@webmail.co.za

(Received 12 July 2011; accepted 10 August 2011; online 17 August 2011)

The cation of the title compound, C₆H₈NO₂⁺·Cl⁻, is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0104 Å). Intermolecular O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H⋯O contacts, connect the molecules in the crystal structure. A short C⋯C distance of only 3.3930 (19) Å between C atoms of neighbouring rings is indicative of π-stacking. The corresponding centroid–centroid distance between the two aromatic systems is 4.2370 (7) Å due to the small overlap of the adjacent rings.

Related literature

For the crystal structure of 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-pyridine, see: Casas et al. (2007 ). For graph-set analysis of hydrogen bonds, see: Etter et al. (1990 ); Bernstein et al. (1995 ). For general information about the chelate effect in coordination chemistry, see: Gade (1998 ).

Experimental

Crystal data

C₆H₈NO₂⁺·Cl⁻
M_r = 161.58
Triclinic, $[P \overline 1]$
a = 6.8490 (2) Å
b = 7.1376 (2) Å
c = 7.9675 (2) Å
α = 73.895 (1)°
β = 68.634 (1)°
γ = 86.801 (1)°
V = 348.04 (2) Å³
Z = 2
Mo Kα radiation
μ = 0.48 mm⁻¹
T = 200 K
0.24 × 0.17 × 0.11 mm

Data collection

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008 ) T_min = 0.834, T_max = 1.000
6143 measured reflections
1711 independent reflections
1572 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
R_int = 0.019

Refinement

R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.025
wR(F²) = 0.073
S = 1.06
1711 reflections
103 parameters
H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρ_max = 0.35 e Å⁻³
Δρ_min = −0.17 e Å⁻³

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O1—H81⋯Cl1ⁱ	0.79 (2)	2.22 (2)	3.0086 (9)	176.1 (19)
O2—H82⋯Cl1ⁱⁱ	0.85 (2)	2.29 (2)	3.1276 (11)	168.7 (18)
N1—H71⋯Cl1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.853 (17)	2.391 (17)	3.1739 (10)	152.9 (14)
C3—H3⋯O2^iv	0.95	2.47	3.2069 (14)	134
Symmetry codes: (i) -x+1, -y+1, -z+1; (ii) x-1, y, z; (iii) -x+1, -y+2, -z; (iv) x, y, z+1.

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010 ); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997 ) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ).

Supporting information

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811032405/fy2019sup1.cif

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811032405/fy2019Isup2.cdx

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811032405/fy2019Isup3.hkl

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811032405/fy2019Isup4.cml

checkCIF report

Comment top

Chelate ligands have found widespread use in coordination chemistry due to the enhanced thermodynamic stability of resultant coordination compounds in relation to coordination compounds exclusively applying comparable monodentate ligands (Gade, 1998). Combining different donor atoms, a molecular set-up to accomodate a large variety of metal centers of variable Lewis acidity is at hand. In this aspect, the title compound seemed of interest due to its possible use as a strictly neutral or, depending on the pH value, as an anionic or cationic ligand. In addition, due to the set-up of its functional groups, it may act as mono- or bidentate ligand offering the possibility to create five- or six-membered chelate rings. To enable comparative studies in terms of bond lengths and angles in the envisioned coordination compounds, we determined the molecular and crystal structure of the title compound. Structural information about 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-pyridine is available in the literature (Casas et al., 2007).

Protonation took place on the nitrogen atom. Intracyclic angles span a range from 118.46 (10) ° to 123.99 (10) ° with the largest angle found on the nitrogen atom and the smallest angle on the carbon atom bearing the hydroxymethyl group. The non-hydrogen atoms of the organic cation essentially lie in one common plane (r.m.s. of fitted non-hydrogen atoms = 0.0104 Å). The hydroxymethyl group adopts a conformation in which the aliphatic hydroxyl group is bent away from the aromatic hydroxyl group (Fig. 1).

In the crystal structure, hydrogen bonds involving all hydroxyl groups and the protonated nitrogen atom as donors are present. In every case, the chloride anion serves as acceptor (Fig. 2). In addition, a C–H···O contact is observed whose range falls by more than 0.2 Å below the sum of van-der-Waals radii of the atoms participating. The latter contact involves the CH group in ortho position to the hydroxyl group bound to the aromatic system and the oxygen atom of the aliphatic hyxdroxyl group. A description of the classical hydrogen bonding system in terms of graph-set analysis (Etter et al., 1990; Bernstein et al., 1995) necessitates a DDD descriptor on the unitary level while the C–H···O contacts can be described by a C(6) descriptor at the same level. A C···C distance of only 3.3930 (19) Å between carbon atoms of neighbouring rings is indicative of π-stacking with the shortest intercentroid distance between two aromatic systems measured at 4.2370 (7) Å due to the small overlap of adjacent rings. In total, the components of the title compound are connected to a three-dimensional network with the C–H···O contacts forming chains along the crystallographic c axis.

The packing of the compound in the crystal structure is shown in Figure 3.

Related literature top

For the crystal structure of 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-pyridine, see: Casas et al. (2007). For graph-set analysis of hydrogen bonds, see: Etter et al. (1990); Bernstein et al. (1995). For general information about the chelate effect in coordination chemistry, see: Gade (1998).

Experimental top

The compound was obtained commercially (Aldrich). Crystals suitable for the X-ray diffraction study were obtained upon slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of the compound at room temperature.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Figures top

	Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, with atom labels and anisotropic displacement ellipsoids (drawn at 50% probability level).
	Fig. 2. Intermolecular contacts, viewed approximately along [-1 -1 0]. Blue dashed lines indicate classical hydrogen bonds while green dashed lines indicate C–H···O contacts. Symmetry operators: (i) x, y, z + 1; (ii) -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1; (iii) -x + 1, -y + 2, -z; (iv) x - 1, y, z; (v) x, y, z - 1.
	Fig. 3. Molecular packing of the title compound, viewed along [-1 0 0] (anisotropic displacement ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability level).

3-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium chloride top

Crystal data top

C₆H₈NO₂⁺·Cl⁻	Z = 2
M_r = 161.58	F(000) = 168
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.542 Mg m⁻³
Hall symbol: -P 1	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 6.8490 (2) Å	Cell parameters from 4561 reflections
b = 7.1376 (2) Å	θ = 2.9–28.2°
c = 7.9675 (2) Å	µ = 0.48 mm⁻¹
α = 73.895 (1)°	T = 200 K
β = 68.634 (1)°	Platelet, colourless
γ = 86.801 (1)°	0.24 × 0.17 × 0.11 mm
V = 348.04 (2) Å³

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	1711 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	1572 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.019
ϕ and ω scans	θ_max = 28.3°, θ_min = 2.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008)	h = −9→9
T_min = 0.834, T_max = 1.000	k = −9→9
6143 measured reflections	l = −9→10

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.025	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.073	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.06	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0395P)² + 0.0944P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
1711 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
103 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.35 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −0.17 e Å⁻³

Crystal data top

C₆H₈NO₂⁺·Cl⁻	γ = 86.801 (1)°
M_r = 161.58	V = 348.04 (2) Å³
Triclinic, P1	Z = 2
a = 6.8490 (2) Å	Mo Kα radiation
b = 7.1376 (2) Å	µ = 0.48 mm⁻¹
c = 7.9675 (2) Å	T = 200 K
α = 73.895 (1)°	0.24 × 0.17 × 0.11 mm
β = 68.634 (1)°

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	1711 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008)	1572 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
T_min = 0.834, T_max = 1.000	R_int = 0.019
6143 measured reflections

Refinement top

R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.025	0 restraints
wR(F²) = 0.073	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.06	Δρ_max = 0.35 e Å⁻³
1711 reflections	Δρ_min = −0.17 e Å⁻³
103 parameters

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
O1	0.25186 (15)	0.42693 (12)	0.51787 (12)	0.0286 (2)
H81	0.240 (3)	0.382 (3)	0.624 (3)	0.047 (5)*
O2	0.29516 (16)	0.75828 (14)	−0.01815 (11)	0.0325 (2)
H82	0.166 (3)	0.776 (3)	0.001 (3)	0.051 (5)*
N1	0.27167 (14)	0.91926 (14)	0.25202 (13)	0.0221 (2)
H71	0.276 (2)	0.980 (2)	0.142 (2)	0.035 (4)*
C1	0.26774 (16)	0.72440 (15)	0.29807 (14)	0.0197 (2)
C2	0.25517 (16)	0.62326 (15)	0.47898 (15)	0.0205 (2)
C3	0.24780 (18)	0.72716 (16)	0.60447 (15)	0.0243 (2)
H3	0.2386	0.6601	0.7283	0.029*
C4	0.25391 (18)	0.93031 (17)	0.54794 (16)	0.0263 (2)
H4	0.2494	1.0026	0.6329	0.032*
C5	0.26641 (18)	1.02541 (16)	0.36935 (16)	0.0258 (2)
H5	0.2713	1.1640	0.3288	0.031*
C6	0.28268 (19)	0.62276 (17)	0.15235 (15)	0.0247 (2)
H6A	0.4087	0.5441	0.1314	0.030*
H6B	0.1578	0.5329	0.1981	0.030*
Cl1	0.81001 (5)	0.75715 (4)	0.07668 (4)	0.03225 (11)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
O1	0.0459 (5)	0.0196 (4)	0.0218 (4)	0.0029 (3)	−0.0161 (4)	−0.0034 (3)
O2	0.0412 (5)	0.0395 (5)	0.0163 (4)	0.0019 (4)	−0.0116 (4)	−0.0050 (3)
N1	0.0253 (5)	0.0228 (4)	0.0162 (4)	0.0008 (3)	−0.0081 (3)	−0.0013 (3)
C1	0.0195 (5)	0.0229 (5)	0.0166 (5)	0.0015 (4)	−0.0069 (4)	−0.0049 (4)
C2	0.0221 (5)	0.0210 (5)	0.0183 (5)	0.0018 (4)	−0.0086 (4)	−0.0038 (4)
C3	0.0299 (5)	0.0269 (5)	0.0181 (5)	0.0016 (4)	−0.0118 (4)	−0.0054 (4)
C4	0.0305 (6)	0.0271 (5)	0.0253 (5)	0.0010 (4)	−0.0119 (4)	−0.0111 (4)
C5	0.0292 (5)	0.0202 (5)	0.0279 (6)	0.0005 (4)	−0.0108 (4)	−0.0056 (4)
C6	0.0306 (6)	0.0278 (5)	0.0173 (5)	0.0025 (4)	−0.0096 (4)	−0.0074 (4)
Cl1	0.03770 (18)	0.02940 (16)	0.02636 (16)	−0.00094 (11)	−0.01668 (13)	0.00473 (11)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

O1—C2	1.3482 (13)	C2—C3	1.3866 (15)
O1—H81	0.79 (2)	C3—C4	1.3921 (16)
O2—C6	1.4085 (13)	C3—H3	0.9500
O2—H82	0.85 (2)	C4—C5	1.3692 (16)
N1—C1	1.3355 (14)	C4—H4	0.9500
N1—C5	1.3470 (15)	C5—H5	0.9500
N1—H71	0.853 (17)	C6—H6A	0.9900
C1—C2	1.3948 (14)	C6—H6B	0.9900
C1—C6	1.5025 (14)

C2—O1—H81	108.9 (14)	C4—C3—H3	120.2
C6—O2—H82	100.9 (13)	C5—C4—C3	119.70 (10)
C1—N1—C5	123.99 (10)	C5—C4—H4	120.1
C1—N1—H71	118.0 (11)	C3—C4—H4	120.1
C5—N1—H71	118.0 (11)	N1—C5—C4	118.92 (10)
N1—C1—C2	118.46 (10)	N1—C5—H5	120.5
N1—C1—C6	119.00 (9)	C4—C5—H5	120.5
C2—C1—C6	122.52 (10)	O2—C6—C1	111.08 (9)
O1—C2—C3	124.70 (10)	O2—C6—H6A	109.4
O1—C2—C1	115.98 (9)	C1—C6—H6A	109.4
C3—C2—C1	119.32 (10)	O2—C6—H6B	109.4
C2—C3—C4	119.61 (10)	C1—C6—H6B	109.4
C2—C3—H3	120.2	H6A—C6—H6B	108.0

C5—N1—C1—C2	0.71 (16)	C1—C2—C3—C4	−0.27 (17)
C5—N1—C1—C6	−177.70 (10)	C2—C3—C4—C5	0.23 (18)
N1—C1—C2—O1	−179.96 (9)	C1—N1—C5—C4	−0.76 (17)
C6—C1—C2—O1	−1.61 (15)	C3—C4—C5—N1	0.26 (17)
N1—C1—C2—C3	−0.18 (15)	N1—C1—C6—O2	−1.18 (14)
C6—C1—C2—C3	178.17 (10)	C2—C1—C6—O2	−179.52 (10)
O1—C2—C3—C4	179.49 (11)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1—H81···Cl1ⁱ	0.79 (2)	2.22 (2)	3.0086 (9)	176.1 (19)
O2—H82···Cl1ⁱⁱ	0.85 (2)	2.29 (2)	3.1276 (11)	168.7 (18)
N1—H71···Cl1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.853 (17)	2.391 (17)	3.1739 (10)	152.9 (14)
C3—H3···O2^iv	0.95	2.47	3.2069 (14)	134

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) x−1, y, z; (iii) −x+1, −y+2, −z; (iv) x, y, z+1.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₆H₈NO₂⁺·Cl⁻
M_r	161.58
Crystal system, space group	Triclinic, P1
Temperature (K)	200
a, b, c (Å)	6.8490 (2), 7.1376 (2), 7.9675 (2)
α, β, γ (°)	73.895 (1), 68.634 (1), 86.801 (1)
V (Å³)	348.04 (2)
Z	2
Radiation type	Mo Kα
µ (mm⁻¹)	0.48
Crystal size (mm)	0.24 × 0.17 × 0.11

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008)
T_min, T_max	0.834, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	6143, 1711, 1572
R_int	0.019
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.667

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.025, 0.073, 1.06
No. of reflections	1711
No. of parameters	103
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.35, −0.17

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010), SAINT (Bruker, 2010), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1—H81···Cl1ⁱ	0.79 (2)	2.22 (2)	3.0086 (9)	176.1 (19)
O2—H82···Cl1ⁱⁱ	0.85 (2)	2.29 (2)	3.1276 (11)	168.7 (18)
N1—H71···Cl1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.853 (17)	2.391 (17)	3.1739 (10)	152.9 (14)
C3—H3···O2^iv	0.95	2.47	3.2069 (14)	134.2

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) x−1, y, z; (iii) −x+1, −y+2, −z; (iv) x, y, z+1.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr James Huddleston for helpful discussions.

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