2-[(E)-(Naphthalen-2-yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

In the title compound, C₁₇H₁₃NO, the azomethine double bond adopts an E conformation. The naphthyl ring system and the benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 8.09 (10)°. The near-planar conformation of the molecule is consolidated by an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond, which forms an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are arranged in a zigzag fashion parallel to the c axis.

Related literature

For the biological activity of Schiff bases, see: Khan et al. (2009). For the crystal structure of a closely related Schiff base, see: Aslam et al. (2012).

Experimental

Crystal data

• C₁₇H₁₃NO

• M_r = 247.28

• Orthorhombic, P c a 2₁

• a = 13.6348 (17) Å

• b = 5.8768 (7) Å

• c = 15.869 (2) Å

• V = 1271.5 (3) ų

• Z = 4

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 0.08 mm⁻¹

• T = 273 K

• 0.15 × 0.13 × 0.10 mm

Data collection

• Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000) T_min = 0.988, T_max = 0.992

• 6852 measured reflections

• 2300 independent reflections

• 1655 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R_int = 0.031

Refinement

• R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.038

• wR(F²) = 0.089

• S = 1.00

• 2300 reflections

• 176 parameters

• 2 restraints

• H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

• Δρ_max = 0.08 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.09 e Å⁻³

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O1—H1C⋯N1	0.86 (2)	1.86 (2)	2.623 (3)	147 (2)

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL, PARST (Nardelli, 1995) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Supporting information

S1. Comment

Schiff bases represent a broad class of organic compounds that are reported to have a wide range of biological activities (Khan et al., 2009). The title compound was synthesized as a part of our ongoing research to study the biological activities of structurally diverse Schiff bases. The title compound (Fig. 1) is composed of a naphthyl (C1–C10) and a benzene rings (C12–C17) linked through an azomethine (C═N = 1.275 (2) Å) double bond which adopts an E configuration. The dihedral angle between the naphthyl and the benzene rings is 8.09 (10)° with maximum deviation of 0.013 (3) Å for C5 atom from the root mean square plane of the naphthyl ring. The bond lengths and angle in the title molecule are similar to the corresponding bond lengths and angles in a closely related Schiff base (Aslam et al. 2012). The molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular O1—H1C···N1 hydrogen bond to form S(6) graph set ring motif. In the crystal structure the molecules are arranged in a zig zag fashion to form sheets parallel to the c-axis (Fig.2).

Related literature

For the biological activity of Schiff bases, see: Khan et al. (2009). For the crystal structure of a closely related Schiff base, see: Aslam et al. (2012).

S2. Experimental

4-Chloroaniline (1 ml, 7.29 mmol) was dissolved in analytical grade methanol (10 ml) by continuous stirring followed by the addition of sSalicylaldehyde (0.76 ml, 0.7 mmol) and glacial acetic acid (0.5 ml). The reaction mixture was refluxed at 330–353 K on a hot plate for 2 h with continuous stirring. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. On the completion of the reaction, the product was obtained as dark orange precipitates, which were filtered, washed with distilled water and dried to obtained 1.43 g (77% yield) title compound. The product was dissolved and slow evaporation of a methanol solution affording light yellow crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

S3. Refinement

H atoms on carbon atoms were positioned geometrically with C—H = 0.93 Å, and constrained to ride on their parent atoms with U_iso(H)= 1.2U_eq(C). The H atoms on the oxygen (O–H = 0.858 (10) Å) was located in difference Fourier maps and refined isotropically. Due to lack of sufficient anamolous effects, an absolute structure was not determined and the Friedle pairs (1082) were not merged.

Computing details

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), PARST (Nardelli, 1995) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).

Figures

	Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound with the atom numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. H atoms are presented as small spheres of arbitrary radius.
	Fig. 2. A view of the unit cell of the title compound showing molecular packing. H atoms were omitted for clarity.

2-[(E)-(Naphthalen-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol

Crystal data

C17H13NO	F(000) = 520
Mr = 247.28	Dx = 1.292 Mg m^−3
Orthorhombic, Pca21	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2c -2ac	Cell parameters from 1294 reflections
a = 13.6348 (17) Å	θ = 2.6–27.8°
b = 5.8768 (7) Å	µ = 0.08 mm^−1
c = 15.869 (2) Å	T = 273 K
V = 1271.5 (3) Å^3	Block, yellow
Z = 4	0.15 × 0.13 × 0.10 mm

Data collection

Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer	2300 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	1655 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	Rint = 0.031
ω scan	θmax = 25.5°, θmin = 2.6°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000)	h = −16→16
Tmin = 0.988, Tmax = 0.992	k = −7→6
6852 measured reflections	l = −19→19

Refinement

Refinement on F^2	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F^2 > 2σ(F^2)] = 0.038	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F^2) = 0.089	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.00	w = 1/[σ^2(Fo^2) + (0.0383P)^2] where P = (Fo^2 + 2Fc^2)/3
2300 reflections	(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
176 parameters	Δρmax = 0.08 e Å^−3
2 restraints	Δρmin = −0.09 e Å^−3

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
O1	0.51540 (13)	1.1177 (3)	0.40612 (13)	0.0846 (6)
N1	0.58509 (13)	0.7914 (3)	0.50171 (12)	0.0592 (5)
C1	0.73882 (15)	0.8452 (4)	0.56875 (14)	0.0542 (5)
H1B	0.7413	0.9851	0.5415	0.065*
C2	0.81650 (15)	0.7835 (4)	0.62265 (13)	0.0519 (5)
C3	0.89755 (15)	0.9265 (4)	0.63756 (14)	0.0626 (6)
H3A	0.9012	1.0662	0.6103	0.075*
C4	0.97028 (19)	0.8641 (4)	0.69100 (17)	0.0718 (7)
H4A	1.0229	0.9616	0.7001	0.086*
C5	0.96686 (19)	0.6547 (5)	0.73249 (15)	0.0707 (7)
H5A	1.0167	0.6140	0.7695	0.085*
C6	0.89085 (18)	0.5111 (4)	0.71880 (14)	0.0664 (7)
H6A	0.8901	0.3702	0.7455	0.080*
C7	0.81231 (16)	0.5715 (4)	0.66451 (13)	0.0552 (6)
C8	0.73097 (17)	0.4295 (4)	0.64880 (16)	0.0662 (7)
H8A	0.7274	0.2883	0.6750	0.079*
C9	0.65784 (16)	0.4950 (4)	0.59615 (17)	0.0694 (7)
H9A	0.6051	0.3977	0.5869	0.083*
C10	0.66026 (15)	0.7071 (3)	0.55524 (14)	0.0527 (5)
C11	0.50538 (16)	0.6824 (4)	0.49001 (14)	0.0591 (6)
H11A	0.4976	0.5400	0.5147	0.071*
C12	0.42625 (15)	0.7755 (4)	0.43905 (13)	0.0538 (6)
C13	0.33980 (16)	0.6545 (4)	0.43146 (16)	0.0676 (6)
H13A	0.3340	0.5137	0.4577	0.081*
C14	0.26177 (19)	0.7392 (5)	0.38553 (15)	0.0753 (7)
H14A	0.2040	0.6559	0.3808	0.090*
C15	0.27038 (18)	0.9489 (5)	0.34667 (16)	0.0738 (7)
H15A	0.2179	1.0067	0.3159	0.089*
C16	0.35529 (17)	1.0725 (5)	0.35294 (16)	0.0709 (7)
H16A	0.3606	1.2121	0.3257	0.085*
C17	0.43405 (15)	0.9890 (4)	0.40022 (15)	0.0596 (6)
H1C	0.5580 (15)	1.045 (4)	0.4354 (15)	0.085 (9)*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U^11	U^22	U^33	U^12	U^13	U^23
O1	0.0667 (11)	0.0733 (12)	0.1138 (16)	−0.0103 (10)	−0.0150 (11)	0.0200 (12)
N1	0.0481 (10)	0.0643 (12)	0.0652 (12)	0.0001 (9)	−0.0006 (9)	0.0003 (10)
C1	0.0549 (12)	0.0528 (13)	0.0549 (13)	0.0019 (10)	0.0028 (11)	0.0091 (11)
C2	0.0526 (12)	0.0541 (13)	0.0490 (13)	0.0030 (10)	0.0050 (10)	0.0028 (12)
C3	0.0625 (14)	0.0623 (15)	0.0628 (15)	−0.0067 (12)	−0.0046 (12)	0.0083 (13)
C4	0.0656 (16)	0.080 (2)	0.0693 (15)	−0.0074 (13)	−0.0103 (14)	−0.0022 (15)
C5	0.0682 (16)	0.0849 (19)	0.0589 (14)	0.0102 (14)	−0.0107 (12)	0.0035 (15)
C6	0.0729 (17)	0.0688 (15)	0.0576 (16)	0.0126 (14)	0.0048 (14)	0.0094 (13)
C7	0.0581 (13)	0.0592 (14)	0.0484 (13)	0.0059 (11)	0.0069 (11)	0.0063 (12)
C8	0.0656 (16)	0.0570 (14)	0.0759 (17)	−0.0038 (12)	0.0015 (14)	0.0200 (13)
C9	0.0588 (14)	0.0648 (16)	0.0847 (17)	−0.0092 (12)	0.0021 (14)	0.0113 (15)
C10	0.0483 (12)	0.0548 (14)	0.0551 (13)	0.0041 (10)	0.0036 (12)	0.0051 (12)
C11	0.0591 (14)	0.0567 (13)	0.0616 (15)	0.0047 (11)	0.0037 (12)	−0.0055 (12)
C12	0.0506 (12)	0.0585 (14)	0.0523 (13)	0.0013 (11)	0.0029 (10)	−0.0084 (12)
C13	0.0669 (14)	0.0712 (16)	0.0649 (15)	−0.0051 (13)	−0.0020 (13)	−0.0112 (14)
C14	0.0649 (15)	0.095 (2)	0.0659 (17)	−0.0086 (14)	−0.0118 (13)	−0.0116 (16)
C15	0.0617 (15)	0.096 (2)	0.0642 (16)	0.0132 (14)	−0.0109 (13)	−0.0180 (16)
C16	0.0726 (16)	0.0752 (18)	0.0649 (16)	0.0103 (14)	−0.0071 (15)	−0.0064 (14)
C17	0.0521 (13)	0.0641 (15)	0.0627 (15)	0.0007 (11)	0.0031 (12)	−0.0067 (13)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

O1—C17	1.346 (3)	C7—C8	1.410 (3)
O1—H1C	0.86 (2)	C8—C9	1.356 (3)
N1—C11	1.275 (2)	C8—H8A	0.9300
N1—C10	1.421 (2)	C9—C10	1.406 (3)
C1—C10	1.361 (3)	C9—H9A	0.9300
C1—C2	1.409 (3)	C11—C12	1.455 (3)
C1—H1B	0.9300	C11—H11A	0.9300
C2—C3	1.408 (3)	C12—C13	1.382 (3)
C2—C7	1.413 (3)	C12—C17	1.402 (3)
C3—C4	1.355 (3)	C13—C14	1.382 (3)
C3—H3A	0.9300	C13—H13A	0.9300
C4—C5	1.396 (3)	C14—C15	1.383 (3)
C4—H4A	0.9300	C14—H14A	0.9300
C5—C6	1.354 (3)	C15—C16	1.370 (3)
C5—H5A	0.9300	C15—H15A	0.9300
C6—C7	1.419 (3)	C16—C17	1.399 (3)
C6—H6A	0.9300	C16—H16A	0.9300
C17—O1—H1C	108.4 (18)	C8—C9—H9A	119.4
C11—N1—C10	121.78 (19)	C10—C9—H9A	119.4
C10—C1—C2	122.3 (2)	C1—C10—C9	118.3 (2)
C10—C1—H1B	118.9	C1—C10—N1	116.99 (18)
C2—C1—H1B	118.9	C9—C10—N1	124.66 (19)
C3—C2—C1	122.6 (2)	N1—C11—C12	121.6 (2)
C3—C2—C7	118.60 (19)	N1—C11—H11A	119.2
C1—C2—C7	118.80 (19)	C12—C11—H11A	119.2
C4—C3—C2	121.2 (2)	C13—C12—C17	119.1 (2)
C4—C3—H3A	119.4	C13—C12—C11	119.2 (2)
C2—C3—H3A	119.4	C17—C12—C11	121.6 (2)
C3—C4—C5	120.6 (2)	C12—C13—C14	121.2 (2)
C3—C4—H4A	119.7	C12—C13—H13A	119.4
C5—C4—H4A	119.7	C14—C13—H13A	119.4
C6—C5—C4	119.9 (2)	C13—C14—C15	119.4 (2)
C6—C5—H5A	120.0	C13—C14—H14A	120.3
C4—C5—H5A	120.0	C15—C14—H14A	120.3
C5—C6—C7	121.3 (2)	C16—C15—C14	120.8 (2)
C5—C6—H6A	119.4	C16—C15—H15A	119.6
C7—C6—H6A	119.4	C14—C15—H15A	119.6
C8—C7—C2	118.1 (2)	C15—C16—C17	120.1 (3)
C8—C7—C6	123.5 (2)	C15—C16—H16A	120.0
C2—C7—C6	118.4 (2)	C17—C16—H16A	120.0
C9—C8—C7	121.3 (2)	O1—C17—C16	118.2 (2)
C9—C8—H8A	119.4	O1—C17—C12	122.3 (2)
C7—C8—H8A	119.4	C16—C17—C12	119.4 (2)
C8—C9—C10	121.2 (2)
C10—C1—C2—C3	−179.4 (2)	C8—C9—C10—C1	0.9 (3)
C10—C1—C2—C7	−0.4 (3)	C8—C9—C10—N1	−177.6 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4	178.8 (2)	C11—N1—C10—C1	−174.8 (2)
C7—C2—C3—C4	−0.2 (3)	C11—N1—C10—C9	3.8 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5	0.3 (4)	C10—N1—C11—C12	176.38 (18)
C3—C4—C5—C6	0.7 (4)	N1—C11—C12—C13	−177.2 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−1.8 (4)	N1—C11—C12—C17	0.2 (3)
C3—C2—C7—C8	−179.76 (19)	C17—C12—C13—C14	0.8 (3)
C1—C2—C7—C8	1.2 (3)	C11—C12—C13—C14	178.27 (19)
C3—C2—C7—C6	−0.9 (3)	C12—C13—C14—C15	−0.1 (3)
C1—C2—C7—C6	−179.89 (19)	C13—C14—C15—C16	0.3 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C8	−179.3 (2)	C14—C15—C16—C17	−1.1 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C2	1.9 (3)	C15—C16—C17—O1	−178.7 (2)
C2—C7—C8—C9	−1.0 (3)	C15—C16—C17—C12	1.7 (3)
C6—C7—C8—C9	−179.8 (2)	C13—C12—C17—O1	178.9 (2)
C7—C8—C9—C10	−0.1 (4)	C11—C12—C17—O1	1.5 (3)
C2—C1—C10—C9	−0.7 (3)	C13—C12—C17—C16	−1.6 (3)
C2—C1—C10—N1	177.97 (18)	C11—C12—C17—C16	−179.0 (2)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O1—H1C···N1	0.86 (2)	1.86 (2)	2.623 (3)	147 (2)