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ISSN: 2056-9890

5-Chloro-3-ethyl­sulfinyl-7-methyl-2-(4-methyl­phen­yl)-1-benzo­furan

aDepartment of Chemistry, Dongeui University, San 24 Kaya-dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea, and bDepartment of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
*Correspondence e-mail: uklee@pknu.ac.kr

(Received 4 February 2014; accepted 11 March 2014; online 19 March 2014)

In the title compound, C18H17ClO2S, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzo­furan ring system and the methyl­phenyl ring is 14.50 (4)°. The centroid–centroid distances between the benzene and the methyl­phenyl rings are 3.827 (2) and 3.741 (2) Å, while the centroid–centroid distance between the furan and methyl­phenyl rings is 3.843 (2) Å. These distances indicate ππ inter­actions; on the other hand, the inter­planar angles between the benzene and methyl­phenyl rings, and between the furan and methyl­phenyl rings are 13.89 (4) and 15.53 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal, the mol­ecules stack along the a-axis direction.

Related literature

For background information about related compounds and their crystal structures, see Choi et al. (2010a[Choi, H. D., Seo, P. J., Son, B. W. & Lee, U. (2010a). Acta Cryst. E66, o886.],b[Choi, H. D., Seo, P. J., Son, B. W. & Lee, U. (2010b). Acta Cryst. E66, o2277.]). For ππ stacking in metal complexes with aromatic nitro­gen ligands, see: Janiak (2000[Janiak, C. (2000). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 3885-3896.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C18H17ClO2S

  • Mr = 332.83

  • Triclinic, [P \overline 1]

  • a = 7.3638 (5) Å

  • b = 10.2524 (6) Å

  • c = 11.8335 (7) Å

  • α = 68.949 (3)°

  • β = 89.362 (3)°

  • γ = 71.460 (3)°

  • V = 785.11 (8) Å3

  • Z = 2

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.38 mm−1

  • T = 173 K

  • 0.46 × 0.37 × 0.33 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART APEXII CCD diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009[Bruker (2009). APEX2, SADABS and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]) Tmin = 0.691, Tmax = 0.746

  • 13937 measured reflections

  • 3759 independent reflections

  • 3348 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.031

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034

  • wR(F2) = 0.100

  • S = 1.06

  • 3759 reflections

  • 203 parameters

  • H-atom parameters constrained

  • Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.29 e Å−3

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009[Bruker (2009). APEX2, SADABS and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2009[Bruker (2009). APEX2, SADABS and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012[Farrugia, L. J. (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 849-854.]) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 1998[Brandenburg, K. (1998). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Supporting information


Comment top

As a part of our ongoing study of 5-chloro-3-ethylsulfinyl-7-methyl-1-benzofuran derivatives which contain 4-fluorophenyl and 4 iodophenyl substituents in the 2-position (Choi et al. (2010a,b) for the F and I-compound, respectively), we report the crystal structure of the title compound.

In the title molecule (Fig. 1), the benzofuran unit is essentially planar, with the mean deviation from the least-squares plane defined by the nine constituent atoms which equals to 0.016 (1) Å. The 4-methylphenyl ring is also essentially planar, with the mean deviation of 0.004 (1) Å from the least-squares plane defined by the six core-ring atoms. The dihedral angle between the benzofuran ring system and the core of the 4-methylphenyl rings is 14.50 (4)°.

Let the centroid names Cg1, Cg2 and Cg3 be assigned to the benzene ring (C2–C7), the furan ring (C1/C2/C7/O1/C8) and the core of 4-methylphenyl ring (C10–C15), respectively: The centroid–centroid separations of Cg1···Cg3i, Cg1···Cg3ii and Cg2···Cg3i are 3.827 (2), 3.741 (2) and 3.843 (2) Å, respectively. (The symmetry codes are: (i) -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1; (ii) -x, -y + 1, -z + 1.)

The interplanar angles between the benzene and the core of 4-methylphenyl ring and between the furan and the core of 4-methylphenyl ring equal to 13.89 (4) and 15.53 (4)°, respectively. These angles are quite large for the rings being in π-electron···π-electron interactions as it follows from the study by Janiak (2000) who investigated ππ stacking in metal complexes with aromatic nitrogen ligands. According to Fig. 8 of Janiak's study, the interplanar angles between the rings that are involved in π-electron···π-electron interactions are less than 10° in overwhelming majority of cases.

Related literature top

For the background information about related compounds and their crystal structures, see Choi et al. (2010a,b). For ππ stacking in metal complexes with aromatic nitrogen ligands, see: Janiak (2000).

Experimental top

3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (77%, 224 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added in small portions to the stirred solution of 5-chloro-3-ethylsulfanyl-7-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-benzofuran (285 mg, 0.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 ml) at 273 K. The mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution after having been stirred at room temperature for 4h. The organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated at reduced pressure.

The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane–ethyl acetate, 1:1v/v) to afford the title compound as a colourless solid [yield 71%, m.p. 392–393 K; Rf = 0.56 (hexane–ethyl acetate, 1:1 v/v)]. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were prepared by slow evaporation of the 5% solution of the title compound in acetone at room temperature. The average crystal size was approximately 1.1 × 1.3 × 0.8 mm. (The measured crystal was cut from a large one.) The crystals are soluble in polar solvents.

Refinement top

All the hydrogen atoms were observed in the difference electron density map. However, they were situated into the idealized positions and refined using a riding-model approximation. The used constraints: C—H = 0.95 Å for aryl, 0.98 Å for methyl and for 0.99 Å for methylene H atoms. Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for aryl and methylene, while 1.5Ueq(C) for the methyl H atoms. The positions of methyl hydrogens were optimized using the SHELXL-97's command AFIX 137 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 1998); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The title molecule with the atom numbering scheme. The displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. The hydrogen atoms are presented as small spheres of arbitrary radius.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. A view of possible π···π interactions (dotted lines) in the crystal structure of the title compound. The H-atoms have been omitted for clarity. [Symmetry codes: (i) -x + 1, -y + 1, -z + 1; (ii) -x, -y + 1, -z + 1.]
5-Chloro-3-ethylsulfinyl-7-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-benzofuran top
Crystal data top
C18H17ClO2SZ = 2
Mr = 332.83F(000) = 348
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.408 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Melting point = 392–393 K
a = 7.3638 (5) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 10.2524 (6) ÅCell parameters from 8286 reflections
c = 11.8335 (7) Åθ = 2.3–28.4°
α = 68.949 (3)°µ = 0.38 mm1
β = 89.362 (3)°T = 173 K
γ = 71.460 (3)°Block, colourless
V = 785.11 (8) Å30.46 × 0.37 × 0.33 mm
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEXII CCD
diffractometer
3759 independent reflections
Radiation source: rotating anode3348 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite multilayer monochromatorRint = 0.031
Detector resolution: 10.0 pixels mm-1θmax = 28.0°, θmin = 2.3°
ϕ and ω scansh = 99
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2009)
k = 1313
Tmin = 0.691, Tmax = 0.746l = 1515
13937 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.100 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0517P)2 + 0.2412P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
3759 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.31 e Å3
203 parametersΔρmin = 0.29 e Å3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.006 (2)
Crystal data top
C18H17ClO2Sγ = 71.460 (3)°
Mr = 332.83V = 785.11 (8) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 2
a = 7.3638 (5) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 10.2524 (6) ŵ = 0.38 mm1
c = 11.8335 (7) ÅT = 173 K
α = 68.949 (3)°0.46 × 0.37 × 0.33 mm
β = 89.362 (3)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEXII CCD
diffractometer
3759 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2009)
3348 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.691, Tmax = 0.746Rint = 0.031
13937 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0340 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.100H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.06Δρmax = 0.31 e Å3
3759 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.29 e Å3
203 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.02297 (6)0.70926 (4)0.07104 (3)0.03932 (13)
S10.36271 (5)0.19161 (4)0.40911 (3)0.02784 (11)
O10.19351 (14)0.58273 (10)0.44275 (8)0.0265 (2)
O20.21419 (17)0.18248 (12)0.32973 (11)0.0411 (3)
C10.29375 (19)0.37881 (14)0.39556 (12)0.0251 (3)
C20.20899 (19)0.50599 (14)0.28375 (12)0.0248 (3)
C30.1735 (2)0.52797 (15)0.16126 (13)0.0279 (3)
H30.21280.44810.13350.033*
C40.0781 (2)0.67216 (16)0.08294 (13)0.0290 (3)
C50.0153 (2)0.79189 (15)0.12135 (13)0.0298 (3)
H50.05150.88840.06340.036*
C70.14795 (19)0.62695 (15)0.31933 (12)0.0251 (3)
C60.0489 (2)0.77201 (15)0.24256 (13)0.0273 (3)
C80.28210 (19)0.43087 (14)0.48790 (12)0.0249 (3)
C90.0186 (2)0.89610 (16)0.28858 (15)0.0343 (3)
H9A0.10570.98490.22430.052*
H9B0.09290.91770.31160.052*
H9C0.08700.86680.35990.052*
C100.3426 (2)0.36521 (15)0.61893 (12)0.0262 (3)
C110.2685 (2)0.44896 (16)0.69082 (13)0.0299 (3)
H110.17630.54570.65430.036*
C120.3291 (2)0.39130 (18)0.81450 (14)0.0343 (3)
H120.27870.44990.86150.041*
C130.4619 (2)0.24959 (18)0.87129 (13)0.0339 (3)
C140.5333 (2)0.16600 (17)0.80041 (14)0.0338 (3)
H140.62290.06830.83790.041*
C150.4761 (2)0.22262 (16)0.67607 (13)0.0297 (3)
H150.52820.16390.62940.036*
C160.5257 (3)0.1898 (2)1.00639 (14)0.0458 (4)
H16A0.60690.08521.03310.069*
H16B0.41210.19861.05090.069*
H16C0.59940.24681.02290.069*
C170.5744 (2)0.18473 (17)0.32871 (14)0.0336 (3)
H17A0.60620.10040.30120.040*
H17B0.54670.27720.25560.040*
C180.7460 (2)0.16692 (17)0.40993 (15)0.0363 (3)
H18A0.71270.24800.44010.054*
H18B0.85610.16960.36300.054*
H18C0.77980.07170.47910.054*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0511 (3)0.0362 (2)0.02820 (19)0.01466 (18)0.00402 (16)0.00909 (15)
S10.0307 (2)0.02136 (17)0.03107 (19)0.00773 (14)0.00090 (14)0.01020 (13)
O10.0277 (5)0.0223 (5)0.0278 (5)0.0054 (4)0.0023 (4)0.0101 (4)
O20.0422 (7)0.0359 (6)0.0484 (7)0.0158 (5)0.0071 (5)0.0166 (5)
C10.0235 (6)0.0218 (6)0.0280 (6)0.0057 (5)0.0031 (5)0.0089 (5)
C20.0210 (6)0.0230 (6)0.0296 (7)0.0065 (5)0.0029 (5)0.0098 (5)
C30.0274 (7)0.0263 (6)0.0304 (7)0.0080 (5)0.0016 (5)0.0119 (5)
C40.0283 (7)0.0304 (7)0.0275 (7)0.0106 (6)0.0006 (5)0.0092 (5)
C50.0274 (7)0.0240 (6)0.0334 (7)0.0067 (5)0.0010 (6)0.0070 (5)
C70.0225 (6)0.0241 (6)0.0280 (6)0.0068 (5)0.0017 (5)0.0100 (5)
C60.0226 (6)0.0236 (6)0.0338 (7)0.0059 (5)0.0019 (5)0.0103 (5)
C80.0222 (6)0.0216 (6)0.0304 (7)0.0068 (5)0.0041 (5)0.0098 (5)
C90.0339 (8)0.0237 (7)0.0410 (8)0.0028 (6)0.0020 (6)0.0130 (6)
C100.0258 (7)0.0275 (6)0.0275 (6)0.0121 (5)0.0056 (5)0.0102 (5)
C110.0320 (7)0.0292 (7)0.0318 (7)0.0132 (6)0.0080 (6)0.0129 (6)
C120.0398 (8)0.0396 (8)0.0318 (7)0.0199 (7)0.0115 (6)0.0173 (6)
C130.0327 (8)0.0441 (8)0.0278 (7)0.0205 (7)0.0064 (6)0.0104 (6)
C140.0294 (7)0.0340 (7)0.0315 (7)0.0097 (6)0.0021 (6)0.0058 (6)
C150.0270 (7)0.0313 (7)0.0304 (7)0.0088 (6)0.0042 (5)0.0121 (6)
C160.0473 (10)0.0616 (11)0.0283 (8)0.0238 (9)0.0054 (7)0.0117 (7)
C170.0341 (8)0.0309 (7)0.0331 (7)0.0029 (6)0.0056 (6)0.0160 (6)
C180.0332 (8)0.0325 (7)0.0451 (9)0.0107 (6)0.0082 (6)0.0172 (7)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Cl1—C41.7465 (15)C10—C151.397 (2)
S1—O21.4962 (12)C10—C111.4054 (19)
S1—C11.7686 (13)C11—C121.384 (2)
S1—C171.8129 (16)C11—H110.9500
O1—C71.3746 (16)C12—C131.389 (2)
O1—C81.3782 (15)C12—H120.9500
C1—C81.3689 (19)C13—C141.391 (2)
C1—C21.4498 (18)C13—C161.510 (2)
C2—C71.3905 (18)C14—C151.387 (2)
C2—C31.3988 (19)C14—H140.9500
C3—C41.3811 (19)C15—H150.9500
C3—H30.9500C16—H16A0.9800
C4—C51.401 (2)C16—H16B0.9800
C5—C61.388 (2)C16—H16C0.9800
C5—H50.9500C17—C181.519 (2)
C7—C61.3868 (18)C17—H17A0.9900
C6—C91.5006 (19)C17—H17B0.9900
C8—C101.4597 (19)C18—H18A0.9800
C9—H9A0.9800C18—H18B0.9800
C9—H9B0.9800C18—H18C0.9800
C9—H9C0.9800
O2—S1—C1106.72 (6)C15—C10—C8122.50 (13)
O2—S1—C17106.62 (7)C11—C10—C8119.29 (12)
C1—S1—C1798.27 (7)C12—C11—C10120.40 (14)
C7—O1—C8107.00 (10)C12—C11—H11119.8
C8—C1—C2107.17 (12)C10—C11—H11119.8
C8—C1—S1127.41 (10)C11—C12—C13121.40 (14)
C2—C1—S1124.75 (10)C11—C12—H12119.3
C7—C2—C3119.38 (12)C13—C12—H12119.3
C7—C2—C1104.93 (12)C12—C13—C14118.17 (14)
C3—C2—C1135.63 (13)C12—C13—C16120.22 (15)
C4—C3—C2116.30 (13)C14—C13—C16121.61 (15)
C4—C3—H3121.8C15—C14—C13121.24 (14)
C2—C3—H3121.8C15—C14—H14119.4
C3—C4—C5123.25 (13)C13—C14—H14119.4
C3—C4—Cl1119.41 (11)C14—C15—C10120.58 (14)
C5—C4—Cl1117.29 (11)C14—C15—H15119.7
C6—C5—C4121.19 (13)C10—C15—H15119.7
C6—C5—H5119.4C13—C16—H16A109.5
C4—C5—H5119.4C13—C16—H16B109.5
O1—C7—C6124.11 (12)H16A—C16—H16B109.5
O1—C7—C2110.69 (11)C13—C16—H16C109.5
C6—C7—C2125.17 (13)H16A—C16—H16C109.5
C7—C6—C5114.68 (12)H16B—C16—H16C109.5
C7—C6—C9122.11 (13)C18—C17—S1111.08 (10)
C5—C6—C9123.20 (13)C18—C17—H17A109.4
C1—C8—O1110.19 (12)S1—C17—H17A109.4
C1—C8—C10135.60 (12)C18—C17—H17B109.4
O1—C8—C10114.20 (11)S1—C17—H17B109.4
C6—C9—H9A109.5H17A—C17—H17B108.0
C6—C9—H9B109.5C17—C18—H18A109.5
H9A—C9—H9B109.5C17—C18—H18B109.5
C6—C9—H9C109.5H18A—C18—H18B109.5
H9A—C9—H9C109.5C17—C18—H18C109.5
H9B—C9—H9C109.5H18A—C18—H18C109.5
C15—C10—C11118.19 (13)H18B—C18—H18C109.5
O2—S1—C1—C8131.72 (13)C4—C5—C6—C70.2 (2)
C17—S1—C1—C8118.07 (13)C4—C5—C6—C9178.83 (14)
O2—S1—C1—C237.66 (13)C2—C1—C8—O10.68 (15)
C17—S1—C1—C272.54 (13)S1—C1—C8—O1170.20 (10)
C8—C1—C2—C71.27 (15)C2—C1—C8—C10178.15 (15)
S1—C1—C2—C7169.92 (10)S1—C1—C8—C1011.0 (2)
C8—C1—C2—C3178.44 (15)C7—O1—C8—C10.20 (14)
S1—C1—C2—C37.3 (2)C7—O1—C8—C10179.30 (11)
C7—C2—C3—C40.1 (2)C1—C8—C10—C1515.7 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4176.96 (15)O1—C8—C10—C15163.06 (12)
C2—C3—C4—C51.2 (2)C1—C8—C10—C11165.94 (15)
C2—C3—C4—Cl1178.57 (10)O1—C8—C10—C1115.27 (18)
C3—C4—C5—C61.0 (2)C15—C10—C11—C120.8 (2)
Cl1—C4—C5—C6178.51 (11)C8—C10—C11—C12177.59 (13)
C8—O1—C7—C6176.97 (13)C10—C11—C12—C130.8 (2)
C8—O1—C7—C21.06 (14)C11—C12—C13—C140.0 (2)
C3—C2—C7—O1179.17 (11)C11—C12—C13—C16179.84 (14)
C1—C2—C7—O11.44 (15)C12—C13—C14—C150.9 (2)
C3—C2—C7—C61.2 (2)C16—C13—C14—C15179.02 (14)
C1—C2—C7—C6176.57 (13)C13—C14—C15—C100.8 (2)
O1—C7—C6—C5179.01 (12)C11—C10—C15—C140.0 (2)
C2—C7—C6—C51.3 (2)C8—C10—C15—C14178.34 (13)
O1—C7—C6—C90.0 (2)O2—S1—C17—C18170.38 (10)
C2—C7—C6—C9177.75 (13)C1—S1—C17—C1879.34 (11)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC18H17ClO2S
Mr332.83
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P1
Temperature (K)173
a, b, c (Å)7.3638 (5), 10.2524 (6), 11.8335 (7)
α, β, γ (°)68.949 (3), 89.362 (3), 71.460 (3)
V3)785.11 (8)
Z2
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.38
Crystal size (mm)0.46 × 0.37 × 0.33
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART APEXII CCD
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2009)
Tmin, Tmax0.691, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
13937, 3759, 3348
Rint0.031
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.661
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.034, 0.100, 1.06
No. of reflections3759
No. of parameters203
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.31, 0.29

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009), SAINT (Bruker, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 1998).

 

References

First citationBrandenburg, K. (1998). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationBruker (2009). APEX2, SADABS and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationChoi, H. D., Seo, P. J., Son, B. W. & Lee, U. (2010a). Acta Cryst. E66, o886.  Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationChoi, H. D., Seo, P. J., Son, B. W. & Lee, U. (2010b). Acta Cryst. E66, o2277.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationFarrugia, L. J. (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 849–854.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationJaniak, C. (2000). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 3885–3896.  Web of Science CrossRef Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

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