Figure 1
(a) Typical microstructure of cobalt and niobium oxide-doped SnO2-based ceramics composed of cassiterite (SnO2) grains that frequently contain (101) twin boundaries (TBs; marked by red lines). Most grains are untwinned, some contain a single TB, these are contact (101) twins, and some grains contain two or more TBs, these are multiple cyclic twins (shaded in red). (b) A (101)Cst contact twin viewed along the [010]Cst and [111]Cst common zone axis. Dashed red lines indicate edge-on oriented {101}Cst reflection planes in the twin domains. (c) Coplanar cyclic twin of cassiterite with four domains viewed along the common [010]Cst axis. The side-view reveals that the tetragonal c axes of all domains lie in the same plane. (d) Alternating cyclic twins of cassiterite contain up to seven domains (see Padrón-Navarta et al. (2020) for detailed description) oriented along their [111]Cst zone axes. In this type of cyclic twins, the c axes of twin domains alternate up and down as visible in the side view of the twin. |