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Figure 4
Orientation of SMR proteins in the membrane and experimental evidence for antiparallel dimers by mutagenesis. (a) EmrE is proposed to be an antiparallel homodimer in the membrane. Mutagenesis of positively charged residues (black circles) resulted in two genes expressing EmrE mutants with defined topology, either Cin or Cout. Neither monomer was active on its own, but co-expression resulted in functionality (Rapp et al., 2007a ![]() ![]() |