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Figure 4
The interaction between PEG and urea. (a) PEG competes with urea for protein binding. Calculated using Gaussian 98 revision A.9 (Frisch et al., 1998 ). (b) PEG neutralizes the urea competition for hydrogen bonds. Crystals were grown in 50 mM Tris–HCl pH 8.5, 20% glycerol, 15 mg ml−1 mTALL-1 protein. +, crystals of mTALL-1 appear; −, no crystals of mTALL-1. (c) PCR fails in the presence of urea and is rescued by PEG. +++++, normal amount of PCR product; +, one fifth of the PCR product; −, undetectable PCR product. |


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