Figure 3
Example protein Bragg peak-subtracted, azimuthally averaged diffraction patterns from apoferritin, thaumatin and lysozyme crystals for which ice formed in internal crystal solvent. Crystals were either used as-grown (0%) or were soaked in solutions containing 20% glycerol and cooled to 220 K (top) or 100 K (bottom). The insets show the corresponding 2D diffraction patterns. Largely hexagonal ice diffraction from as-grown lysozyme crystals (which have narrow solvent cavities and little bulk-like solvent) cooled to 100 K arises from ice within solvent pockets that form inside the crystal to accommodate solvent squeezed out by the contracting protein lattice. |