Figure 1
Schematics showing the principles of a time-resolved pump–probe experiment using picosecond Laue diffraction on single crystals at third-generation synchrotrons (top), SFX at XFELs on microcrystals (middle) and SSX at fourth-generation synchrotrons (bottom). The optical laser pump signal is shown in green, X-ray pulses in grey and white-light pulses in rainbow colours. The crystal colours correspond to the prototypal photoactive yellow protein (PYP) studied by Laue diffraction and to bacteriorhodopsin for XFEL and monochromatic synchrotron diffraction. The microsecond X-ray pulse in the lower panel is shown for simplicity with a Gaussian profile, when it should have a trapezoidal shape, since it is generated using a rotating chopper. |