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![[Figure 2]](qi5004fig2mag.jpg)
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Figure 2
Processing of protein crystals in phase diagrams of water and gases. (a) Typical schematic phase diagram for helium, argon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane. The gas, liquid and solid phases are coloured cyan, blue and orange, respectively; the transition lines are in grey. C and T are the critical and triple points, respectively. The thermodynamic pathway of the `soak-and-freeze' method used to process the protein crystals in pressure cells is shown in red: (i) initial state, (1) isothermal pressurization, (2) isobaric flash-cooling, (3) isothermal depressurization, (f) final state. (b) Phase diagram of water. At atmospheric pressure (LP-cool) flash-cooling of solvent produces type I crystalline ice (hexagonal), while at high pressure (HP-cool) it produces amorphous high-density ice (HDA) [avoiding crystalline ice type II (rhombohedral)]. (c) The different stages of the `soak-and-freeze' methodology, which enables the production and cryo-trapping of gas derivatives of macromolecular crystals under pressure. |
![[Figure 2]](qi5004fig2.jpg)
 | STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY |
ISSN: 2059-7983
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