Radiation damage in serial femtosecond crystallography studied in hemoglobin

Galchenkova, M.; Dawod, I.; Cardoch, S.; Sprenger, J.; Oberthür, D.; Awel, S.; De Santis, E.; Grånäs, O.; Knoska, J.; Metz, M.; Passmore, S.; Pena, G.; Sarrou, I.; Wiedorn, M.; Timneanu, N.; Chapman, H.; Yefanov, O.; Caleman, C.

doi:10.1107/S2059798326008569

Figure 4
Comparing iron's pulse-weighted ionization and atomic scattering factor (ASF) for 3 fs (dashed) and 10 fs (dotted) pulse durations. Thicker lines correspond to intensities accessed by the experiment. (a) Ionization as a function of different incident X-ray intensity. (b) Ratio of damaged over undamaged Fe²⁺ ASF at three selected q = 0.02 Å⁻¹ (red), q = 0.15 Å⁻¹ (purple) and q = 0.40 Å⁻¹ (brown) crystallographic reflections. (c) Damaged and undamaged ASF at the highest simulated fluence of 5 × 10⁵ J cm⁻², corresponding to 1.7 × 10²⁰ W cm⁻² for a 3 fs pulse and 5.0 × 10¹⁹ W cm⁻² for a 10 fs pulse.

STRUCTURAL
BIOLOGY

ISSN: 2059-7983

Volume 82| Part 10| October 2026| Pages 1169-1180

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2059798326008569

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