Crystal structure of allyl­ammonium hydrogen succinate at 100 K

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C₂H₈N⁺·C₄H₅O₄⁻, consists of two allyl­ammonium cations and two hydrogen succinate anions (Z′ = 2). One of the cations has a near-perfect syn-periplanar (cis) conformation with an N—C—C—C torsion angle of 0.4 (3)°, while the other is characterized by a gauche conformation and a torsion angle of 102.5 (3)°. Regarding the anions, three out of four carboxilic groups are twisted with respect to the central C–CH₂–CH₂–C group [dihedral angles = 24.4 (2), 31.2 (2) and 40.4 (2)°], the remaining one being instead almost coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 4.0 (2)°. In the crystal, there are two very short, near linear O—H...O hydrogen bonds between anions, with the H atoms shifted notably from the donor O towards the O...O midpoint. These O—H...O hydrogen bonds form helical chains along the [011] which are further linked to each other through N—H...O hydrogen bonds (involving all the available NH groups), forming layers lying parallel to (100).

Key indicators

• Single-crystal X-ray study
• T = 100 K
• Mean [sigma](C-C) = 0.002 Å
• R factor = 0.036
• wR factor = 0.093
• Data-to-parameter ratio = 12.1

checkCIF/PLATON results

No syntax errors found



Alert level B
PLAT780_ALERT_1_B Coordinates do not Form a Properly Connected Set     Please Do !

Author Response: H atoms attached to O atoms have been guessed, if freely refined the H positions end up converging very near the midpoint between O's, something frequent in very strong H-bonds.

Alert level C
PLAT222_ALERT_3_C Large Non-Solvent    H    Uiso(max)/Uiso(min) ..        4.7 Ratio
PLAT223_ALERT_4_C Large Solvent/Anion  H     Ueq(max)/Ueq(min) ...        3.4 Ratio
PLAT303_ALERT_2_C Full Occupancy H-Atom  H37    with # Connections       2.00 Check
PLAT303_ALERT_2_C Full Occupancy H-Atom  H47    with # Connections       2.00 Check
PLAT368_ALERT_2_C Short  C(sp2)-C(sp2) Bond  C23    -   C24    ...       1.22 Ang.
PLAT772_ALERT_2_C Suspect O-H Bond in CIF:   O31    --  H47     ..       1.39 Ang.
PLAT906_ALERT_3_C Large K value in the Analysis of Variance ......      2.394 Check
PLAT911_ALERT_3_C Missing # FCF Refl Between THmin & STh/L=  0.595         24 Report

Alert level G
PLAT004_ALERT_5_G Polymeric Structure Found with Dimension .......          1 Info
PLAT005_ALERT_5_G No _iucr_refine_instructions_details  in the CIF     Please Do !
PLAT042_ALERT_1_G Calc. and Reported MoietyFormula Strings  Differ     Please Check
PLAT045_ALERT_1_G Calculated and Reported Z Differ by ............       0.50 Ratio
PLAT154_ALERT_1_G The su's on the Cell Angles are Equal ..........    0.00300 Degree
PLAT909_ALERT_3_G Percentage of Observed Data at Theta(Max) still          68 %
PLAT910_ALERT_3_G Missing # of FCF Reflections Below Th(Min) .....          3 Report

   0 ALERT level A = Most likely a serious problem - resolve or explain
   1 ALERT level B = A potentially serious problem, consider carefully
   8 ALERT level C = Check. Ensure it is not caused by an omission or oversight
   7 ALERT level G = General information/check it is not something unexpected

   4 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data
   4 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient
   5 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low
   1 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion
   2 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check

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S1. Comment

Crystal engineering is extremely fast growing area of experimental chemistry leading to new materials with controlled and understood nature. Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in organizing molecules, assembling them to create supramolecules and controlling their dimensions in one-, two- or three-dimensions (Khorasani et al., 2012). The adducts of succinic acid and amines have strong N—H···O and O—H···O hydrogen bonds, thus they can be used to align molecules in chosen directions, as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular structures. (Khorasani et al., 2012; Lemmerer, 2011).

There are three characteristic structural motifs in ammonium dicarboxylate salts: (i) linear chains of dicarboxylic acids formed by strong hydrogen bonds; (ii) dimers of dicarboxylic acid molecules; (iii) isolated oxalate monoanions or dianion units (for example: Kashino et al., 1998; Barnes & Weakley 2000; MacDonald et al., 2001; Vaidhyanathan et al., 2001, 2002; Saraswathi & Vijayan 2002; and Ejsmont, 2007).

The independent part of the unit cell of the title salt, (I), consists with two allyloammonium cations and two hydrogen succinate anions (Fig. 1). A geometry of amonium cations is normal (CSD; CONQUEST Version 1.16; Allen, 2002) and comparable with those found in other crystal structures which include this cation (Allen, 2002). The N11 cation has perfect syn-periplanar (cis) conformation with N11–C12–C13–C14 torsion angle of 0.4 (3)°, while N21 cataion is characterized by gauche conformation (the torsion angle N21–C22–C23—C24 amounts 102.5 (3)°). Three out of four carboxalic groups are twisted with respect to the central C–CH₂–CH₂–C group; the remaining one being rather co-planar.

In the crystal structure of (I), there are two linear or nearly linear O–H···O hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen succinate, which can be identified as a very strong interactions (Steiner, 2002). The O···O distances in these interactions are close to that observed for O–H···O hydrogen bonds formed between the monoanionic oxalate units in the structures of diethylammonium hydrogen oxalate (Ejsmont, 2007). These O–H···O hydrogen bonds forming helical chains along <011> direction. The allylammonium cations are linked to polianionic chains through the N–H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 2, Fig. 2).

Related literature

For other crystal structures of succinate salts with amines, see: Bhardwaj et al. (2013); Bruni et al. (2013); Khorasani & Fernandes (2012). For the characteristic structural motifs in ammonium dicarboxylate salts, see: Kashino et al. (1998); Barnes & Weakley (2000); MacDonald et al. (2001); Vaidhyanathan et al. (2001, 2002); Saraswathi & Vijayan (2002); Ejsmont (2007). Adducts of succinic acid and amines have strong N—H···O and O—H···O hydrogen bonds and are thus used as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular structures, see: Khorasani et al. (2012); Lemmerer (2011). For hydrogen bonding, see: Steiner (2002). For a description of the Cambridge Structural Database, see: Allen (2002).

S2. Experimental

Crystals of (I) were grown at room temperature by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing allylamine and succinatic acid in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio.

S3. Refinement

The H atoms attached to atoms O and N were located in difference electron density maps and were freely refined with isotropic displacement factors [O–H = 1.08 (3) - 1.18 (3) and N–H = 0.90 (2) - 0.95 (2) Å]. The remaining H atoms were positioned geometrically and treated as riding on their parent C atoms, with C–H distances of 0.95 for idealized secondary CH₂, 0.95 for CH and 0.99 Å for idealized terminal X=CH₂ and with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C). Probably due to libration, the ending C23═C24 bond appears significantly shorter that its corresponding C13═C14 one.

Computing details

Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); cell refinement: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2008); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures

	Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I), showing 50% displacement ellipsoids. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dotted lines.
	Fig. 2. Packing diagram of (I) viewed along the b axis, showing (sideways) the (100) 2D structure defined by the hydrogen-bonding network (dotted lines).

(I)

Crystal data

C3H8N^+·C4H5O4^−	Z = 4
Mr = 175.19	F(000) = 376
Triclinic, P1	Dx = 1.344 Mg m^−3
Hall symbol: -P 1	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 8.5649 (3) Å	Cell parameters from 5943 reflections
b = 9.4364 (3) Å	θ = 2.9–26.0°
c = 10.8051 (4) Å	µ = 0.11 mm^−1
α = 88.838 (3)°	T = 100 K
β = 87.482 (3)°	Prism, colourless
γ = 82.843 (3)°	0.30 × 0.20 × 0.15 mm
V = 865.55 (5) Å^3

Data collection

Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur diffractometer	2373 reflections with I > 2σI)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	Rint = 0.014
Graphite monochromator	θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.9°
ω–scan	h = −10→10
5454 measured reflections	k = −11→11
3013 independent reflections	l = −8→12

Refinement

Refinement on F^2	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F^2 > 2σ(F^2)] = 0.036	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F^2) = 0.093	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.10	w = 1/[σ^2(Fo^2) + (0.0483P)^2 + 0.1223P] where P = (Fo^2 + 2Fc^2)/3
3013 reflections	(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
249 parameters	Δρmax = 0.57 e Å^−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.50 e Å^−3

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
N11	0.22162 (17)	0.36564 (17)	0.68154 (14)	0.0143 (3)
H11A	0.240 (2)	0.444 (2)	0.7297 (18)	0.022 (5)*
H11B	0.263 (2)	0.387 (2)	0.601 (2)	0.026 (5)*
H11C	0.275 (3)	0.284 (2)	0.711 (2)	0.035 (6)*
C12	0.0522 (2)	0.34987 (19)	0.67065 (15)	0.0171 (4)
H12A	0.0440	0.2616	0.6284	0.021*
H12B	0.0041	0.4279	0.6199	0.021*
C13	−0.0375 (2)	0.34861 (19)	0.79193 (16)	0.0195 (4)
H13	−0.1441	0.3396	0.7890	0.023*
C14	0.0178 (2)	0.35885 (19)	0.90250 (16)	0.0213 (4)
H14A	0.1236	0.3681	0.9107	0.026*
H14B	−0.0491	0.3569	0.9726	0.026*
N21	0.72616 (18)	0.81019 (17)	0.70187 (15)	0.0163 (3)
H21A	0.670 (3)	0.729 (3)	0.699 (2)	0.053 (7)*
H21B	0.675 (2)	0.880 (2)	0.7549 (18)	0.023 (5)*
H21C	0.734 (3)	0.847 (2)	0.623 (2)	0.037 (6)*
C22	0.8872 (2)	0.7596 (2)	0.74249 (19)	0.0266 (5)
H22A	0.9356	0.6839	0.6888	0.032*
H22B	0.8813	0.7213	0.8263	0.032*
C23	0.9854 (3)	0.8799 (3)	0.7381 (3)	0.0480 (7)
H23	1.0230	0.9037	0.6593	0.058*
C24	1.0244 (3)	0.9520 (3)	0.8213 (3)	0.0649 (9)
H24A	0.9915	0.9347	0.9028	0.078*
H24B	1.0869	1.0241	0.8033	0.078*
O31	0.56273 (14)	0.40484 (12)	0.67627 (10)	0.0164 (3)
O32	0.70239 (14)	0.54666 (12)	0.56148 (10)	0.0167 (3)
C33	0.64907 (19)	0.43020 (17)	0.58151 (15)	0.0129 (4)
C34	0.6844 (2)	0.31171 (17)	0.48796 (15)	0.0156 (4)
H34A	0.6139	0.3315	0.4202	0.019*
H34B	0.7911	0.3127	0.4543	0.019*
C35	0.6679 (2)	0.16362 (18)	0.53950 (16)	0.0195 (4)
H35A	0.7512	0.1369	0.5966	0.023*
H35B	0.5683	0.1670	0.5864	0.023*
C36	0.6745 (2)	0.04877 (18)	0.44309 (15)	0.0142 (4)
O37	0.60445 (14)	0.08573 (12)	0.34227 (10)	0.0178 (3)
H37	0.614 (3)	−0.012 (3)	0.275 (2)	0.060 (7)*
O38	0.73921 (15)	−0.07378 (12)	0.46355 (11)	0.0199 (3)
O41	0.62286 (14)	0.88262 (12)	1.20228 (10)	0.0168 (3)
O42	0.39008 (14)	0.97603 (12)	1.13231 (10)	0.0177 (3)
C43	0.5051 (2)	0.88300 (18)	1.13021 (14)	0.0135 (4)
C44	0.5199 (2)	0.76104 (17)	1.04077 (15)	0.0153 (4)
H44A	0.5367	0.6717	1.0871	0.018*
H44B	0.6118	0.7668	0.9860	0.018*
C45	0.3767 (2)	0.75980 (18)	0.96308 (15)	0.0159 (4)
H45A	0.2854	0.7521	1.0181	0.019*
H45B	0.3586	0.8503	0.9186	0.019*
C46	0.3904 (2)	0.64079 (18)	0.87107 (15)	0.0145 (4)
O47	0.53341 (14)	0.60086 (13)	0.82691 (11)	0.0182 (3)
H47	0.543 (3)	0.518 (3)	0.758 (3)	0.084 (10)*
O48	0.27396 (14)	0.58861 (13)	0.83964 (11)	0.0193 (3)

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U^11	U^22	U^33	U^12	U^13	U^23
N11	0.0163 (8)	0.0133 (8)	0.0138 (8)	−0.0028 (6)	−0.0011 (6)	−0.0018 (6)
C12	0.0158 (9)	0.0179 (9)	0.0181 (9)	−0.0025 (7)	−0.0045 (7)	−0.0022 (7)
C13	0.0149 (9)	0.0204 (10)	0.0235 (10)	−0.0042 (7)	0.0008 (8)	−0.0010 (8)
C14	0.0201 (10)	0.0238 (10)	0.0211 (10)	−0.0081 (8)	0.0034 (8)	0.0000 (8)
N21	0.0194 (8)	0.0115 (8)	0.0177 (8)	−0.0008 (7)	−0.0016 (7)	−0.0008 (7)
C22	0.0207 (10)	0.0257 (11)	0.0321 (11)	0.0027 (8)	−0.0028 (8)	0.0018 (9)
C23	0.0229 (12)	0.0636 (17)	0.0608 (16)	−0.0184 (12)	0.0116 (11)	−0.0269 (14)
C24	0.0543 (18)	0.0384 (16)	0.104 (2)	−0.0198 (13)	0.0227 (17)	−0.0188 (16)
O31	0.0208 (7)	0.0143 (6)	0.0147 (6)	−0.0052 (5)	0.0034 (5)	−0.0038 (5)
O32	0.0240 (7)	0.0115 (6)	0.0155 (6)	−0.0061 (5)	−0.0002 (5)	−0.0009 (5)
C33	0.0129 (8)	0.0136 (9)	0.0125 (8)	−0.0008 (7)	−0.0043 (7)	−0.0006 (7)
C34	0.0190 (9)	0.0133 (9)	0.0146 (9)	−0.0026 (7)	0.0022 (7)	−0.0022 (7)
C35	0.0311 (11)	0.0140 (9)	0.0136 (9)	−0.0027 (8)	−0.0036 (8)	−0.0015 (7)
C36	0.0150 (9)	0.0144 (9)	0.0137 (9)	−0.0042 (7)	0.0015 (7)	−0.0004 (7)
O37	0.0251 (7)	0.0123 (6)	0.0161 (6)	0.0000 (5)	−0.0060 (5)	−0.0037 (5)
O38	0.0294 (7)	0.0124 (6)	0.0169 (6)	0.0024 (5)	−0.0022 (5)	−0.0007 (5)
O41	0.0213 (7)	0.0137 (6)	0.0158 (6)	−0.0016 (5)	−0.0057 (5)	−0.0031 (5)
O42	0.0197 (7)	0.0157 (6)	0.0174 (6)	0.0010 (5)	−0.0019 (5)	−0.0045 (5)
C43	0.0186 (9)	0.0118 (8)	0.0109 (8)	−0.0061 (7)	0.0017 (7)	0.0009 (7)
C44	0.0215 (9)	0.0108 (8)	0.0136 (8)	−0.0021 (7)	−0.0013 (7)	−0.0007 (7)
C45	0.0177 (9)	0.0162 (9)	0.0147 (9)	−0.0053 (7)	0.0015 (7)	−0.0037 (7)
C46	0.0199 (9)	0.0123 (9)	0.0118 (8)	−0.0041 (7)	−0.0002 (7)	0.0020 (7)
O47	0.0195 (7)	0.0168 (7)	0.0188 (6)	−0.0047 (5)	0.0026 (5)	−0.0060 (5)
O48	0.0207 (7)	0.0194 (7)	0.0196 (6)	−0.0087 (5)	−0.0007 (5)	−0.0051 (5)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

N11—C12	1.487 (2)	O32—C33	1.253 (2)
N11—H11A	0.94 (2)	C33—C34	1.516 (2)
N11—H11B	0.95 (2)	C34—C35	1.515 (2)
N11—H11C	0.90 (2)	C34—H34A	0.9700
C12—C13	1.490 (2)	C34—H34B	0.9700
C12—H12A	0.9700	C35—C36	1.513 (2)
C12—H12B	0.9700	C35—H35A	0.9700
C13—C14	1.314 (2)	C35—H35B	0.9700
C13—H13	0.9300	C36—O38	1.239 (2)
C14—H14A	0.9300	C36—O37	1.288 (2)
C14—H14B	0.9300	O37—H37	1.18 (3)
N21—C22	1.484 (2)	O41—C43	1.301 (2)
N21—H21A	0.95 (3)	O42—C43	1.235 (2)
N21—H21B	0.93 (2)	C43—C44	1.508 (2)
N21—H21C	0.92 (2)	C44—C45	1.518 (2)
C22—C23	1.494 (3)	C44—H44A	0.9700
C22—H22A	0.9700	C44—H44B	0.9700
C22—H22B	0.9700	C45—C46	1.505 (2)
C23—C24	1.220 (4)	C45—H45A	0.9700
C23—H23	0.9300	C45—H45B	0.9700
C24—H24A	0.9300	C46—O48	1.230 (2)
C24—H24B	0.9300	C46—O47	1.308 (2)
O31—C33	1.273 (2)	O47—H47	1.08 (3)
O31—H47	1.39 (3)
C12—N11—H11A	113.9 (12)	O32—C33—C34	119.48 (14)
C12—N11—H11B	107.5 (12)	O31—C33—C34	116.77 (14)
H11A—N11—H11B	104.3 (16)	C35—C34—C33	114.54 (14)
C12—N11—H11C	110.7 (14)	C35—C34—H34A	108.6
H11A—N11—H11C	110.4 (17)	C33—C34—H34A	108.6
H11B—N11—H11C	109.9 (18)	C35—C34—H34B	108.6
N11—C12—C13	113.82 (14)	C33—C34—H34B	108.6
N11—C12—H12A	108.8	H34A—C34—H34B	107.6
C13—C12—H12A	108.8	C36—C35—C34	114.80 (14)
N11—C12—H12B	108.8	C36—C35—H35A	108.6
C13—C12—H12B	108.8	C34—C35—H35A	108.6
H12A—C12—H12B	107.7	C36—C35—H35B	108.6
C14—C13—C12	127.08 (17)	C34—C35—H35B	108.6
C14—C13—H13	116.5	H35A—C35—H35B	107.5
C12—C13—H13	116.5	O38—C36—O37	123.12 (15)
C13—C14—H14A	120.0	O38—C36—C35	121.04 (15)
C13—C14—H14B	120.0	O37—C36—C35	115.80 (15)
H14A—C14—H14B	120.0	C36—O37—H37	110.1 (12)
C22—N21—H21A	108.0 (14)	O42—C43—O41	123.53 (15)
C22—N21—H21B	111.4 (12)	O42—C43—C44	121.67 (15)
H21A—N21—H21B	111.1 (19)	O41—C43—C44	114.79 (14)
C22—N21—H21C	108.6 (14)	C43—C44—C45	113.51 (14)
H21A—N21—H21C	108 (2)	C43—C44—H44A	108.9
H21B—N21—H21C	110.0 (18)	C45—C44—H44A	108.9
N21—C22—C23	110.26 (17)	C43—C44—H44B	108.9
N21—C22—H22A	109.6	C45—C44—H44B	108.9
C23—C22—H22A	109.6	H44A—C44—H44B	107.7
N21—C22—H22B	109.6	C46—C45—C44	114.39 (14)
C23—C22—H22B	109.6	C46—C45—H45A	108.7
H22A—C22—H22B	108.1	C44—C45—H45A	108.7
C24—C23—C22	130.4 (3)	C46—C45—H45B	108.7
C24—C23—H23	114.8	C44—C45—H45B	108.7
C22—C23—H23	114.8	H45A—C45—H45B	107.6
C23—C24—H24A	120.0	O48—C46—O47	123.71 (15)
C23—C24—H24B	120.0	O48—C46—C45	121.43 (15)
H24A—C24—H24B	120.0	O47—C46—C45	114.85 (15)
C33—O31—H47	112.0 (12)	C46—O47—H47	115.2 (16)
O32—C33—O31	123.73 (15)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N11—H11A···O48	0.94 (2)	1.89 (2)	2.8275 (19)	174.4 (17)
N11—H11B···O32^i	0.95 (2)	1.88 (2)	2.8107 (19)	166.9 (18)
N11—H11C···O41^ii	0.90 (2)	1.95 (2)	2.844 (2)	172 (2)
N21—H21A···O32	0.95 (3)	2.28 (3)	2.972 (2)	128.5 (19)
N21—H21A···O47	0.95 (3)	2.21 (3)	2.994 (2)	138.7 (19)
N21—H21B···O42^iii	0.93 (2)	1.86 (2)	2.786 (2)	169.2 (17)
N21—H21C···O38^iv	0.92 (2)	1.86 (2)	2.7809 (19)	177 (2)
O37—H37···O41^v	1.18 (3)	1.28 (3)	2.4510 (15)	180 (3)
O47—H47···O31	1.08 (3)	1.39 (3)	2.4707 (15)	176 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (iii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+2; (iv) x, y+1, z; (v) x, y−1, z−1.