
It is thought that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the ferroelectricity in ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate, (NH
)
BeF
. In the past X-ray data have been collected, but these did not permit accurate determination of the H-atom positions. In order to obtain more accurate information the neutron structures have now been determined for the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. Going from the paraelectric to the ferroelectric phase, both the BeF
and the NH
ions rotate and shift from the mirror planes of the paraelectric phase. This results in removal of the mirror-plane symmetry and formation of a superlattice with the a axis doubled. Along the polar c axis, the NH
ions move towards the BeF
ions within chains of molecules and the chains move slightly relative to one another. The rotations and translations give rise to stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions.







Supporting information
Computing details top
For all compounds, data collection: local; cell refinement: local; data reduction: local; program(s) used to refine structure: UPALS (Lundgren, 1982).
(I) ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate top
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | Dx = 1.748 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
Orthorhombic, Pnma | Cell parameters from 32 reflections |
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2n | θ = 20–27° |
a = 7.531 (3) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.874 (2) Å | T = 200 K |
c = 10.399 (4) Å | Box, colorless |
V = 460.0 (5) Å3 | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Z = 4 |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 790 reflections with I > 3σ |
Radiation source: reactor | θmax = 55°, θmin = 2° |
Be (002) monochromator | h = 0→11 |
θ/2θ scans | k = 0→9 |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | l = 0→16 |
Tmin = 0.356, Tmax = 0.428 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1018 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
996 independent reflections |
Refinement top
Refinement on F2 | 0 constraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Ref |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.068 | w = 1/[σ2(F) + 0.0004F2] |
wR(F2) = 0.073 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.01 |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 2 % of maximum e Å−3 |
996 reflections | Δρmin = 2 % of maximum e Å−3 |
83 parameters | Extinction correction: type I, isotropic |
0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 3600 (200) |
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | V = 460.0 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, Pnma | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
a = 7.531 (3) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.874 (2) Å | T = 200 K |
c = 10.399 (4) Å | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 996 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | 790 reflections with I > 3σ |
Tmin = 0.356, Tmax = 0.428 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1018 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.068 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.073 | Ref |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 2 % of maximum e Å−3 |
996 reflections | Δρmin = 2 % of maximum e Å−3 |
83 parameters |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.1850 (2) | 0.2500 | 0.0990 (1) | ? | |
N2 | 0.4610 (2) | 0.2500 | 0.8044 (1) | ? | |
Be | 0.2505 (2) | 0.2500 | 0.4184 (1) | ? | |
F1 | 0.0531 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.3817 (3) | ? | |
F2 | 0.2747 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.5639 (2) | ? | |
F3 | 0.3354 (2) | 0.0348 (3) | 0.3638 (2) | ? | |
H1 | 0.3137 (7) | 0.2500 | 0.1244 (6) | ? | |
H2 | 0.0996 (9) | 0.2500 | 0.1711 (7) | ? | |
H3 | 0.1639 (6) | 0.1137 (9) | 0.0497 (7) | ? | |
H4 | 0.4897 (10) | 0.2500 | 0.7106 (5) | ? | |
H5 | 0.5686 (7) | 0.2500 | 0.8596 (7) | ? | |
H6 | 0.3854 (8) | 0.1174 (8) | 0.8238 (4) | ? |
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0158 (4) | 0.0186 (4) | 0.0231 (5) | 0.0000 | 0.0005 (4) | 0.0000 |
N2 | 0.0200 (4) | 0.0185 (4) | 0.0186 (4) | 0.0000 | 0.0014 (4) | 0.0000 |
Be | 0.0134 (4) | 0.0144 (5) | 0.0149 (5) | 0.0000 | 0.0003 (4) | 0.0000 |
F1 | 0.0156 (8) | 0.0447 (12) | 0.0524 (16) | 0.0000 | −0.0087 (9) | 0.0000 |
F2 | 0.0352 (12) | 0.0569 (15) | 0.0163 (8) | 0.0000 | −0.0020 (8) | 0.0000 |
F3 | 0.0300 (7) | 0.0200 (5) | 0.0515 (10) | 0.0002 (5) | 0.0118 (7) | −0.0159 (6) |
H1 | 0.030 (2) | 0.066 (3) | 0.063 (3) | 0.000 | −0.014 (2) | 0.000 |
H2 | 0.054 (3) | 0.084 (4) | 0.063 (4) | 0.000 | 0.035 (3) | 0.000 |
H3 | 0.045 (2) | 0.074 (3) | 0.142 (5) | −0.015 (2) | 0.017 (2) | −0.072 (3) |
H4 | 0.077 (4) | 0.084 (4) | 0.027 (2) | 0.000 | 0.015 (2) | 0.000 |
H5 | 0.040 (2) | 0.081 (4) | 0.065 (3) | 0.000 | −0.021 (2) | 0.000 |
H6 | 0.106 (4) | 0.066 (2) | 0.057 (2) | −0.053 (3) | −0.004 (2) | 0.001 (2) |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
N1—H1 | 1.004 (5) | N2—H6 | 0.985 (6) |
N1—H2 | 0.988 (7) | Be—F1 | 1.535 (3) |
N1—H3 | 0.964 (6) | Be—F2 | 1.524 (3) |
N2—H4 | 1.000 (5) | Be—F3 | 1.526 (2) |
N2—H5 | 0.993 (6) | ||
H1—N1—H2 | 115.4 (6) | H5—N2—H6 | 110.7 (4) |
H1—N1—H3 | 107.4 (3) | F1—Be—F2 | 111.3 (2) |
H2—N1—H3 | 107.3 (4) | F1—Be—F3 | 108.2 (1) |
H4—N2—H5 | 112.8 (6) | F2—Be—F3 | 108.6 (1) |
H4—N2—H6 | 108.9 (4) |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···F1i | 1.00 (1) | 1.80 (1) | 2.779 (2) | 163 (1) |
N2—H5···F2ii | 0.99 (1) | 1.74 (1) | 2.731 (3) | 172 (1) |
N2—H6···F3iii | 0.99 (1) | 1.93 (1) | 2.857 (2) | 155 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y, −z+3/2; (iii) −x+1/2, −y, z+1/2. |
(II) ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate top
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | Dx = 1.750 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
Orthorhombic, Pna21 | Cell parameters from 32 reflections |
Hall symbol: P 2c -2n | θ = 20–27° |
a = 15.017 (6) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.876 (3) Å | T = 163 K |
c = 10.418 (4) Å | Box, colorless |
V = 919.2 (12) Å3 | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Z = 8 |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 1390 reflections with I > 3σ |
Radiation source: reactor | θmax = 55°, θmin = 2° |
Be (002) monochromator | h = 0→23 |
θ/2θ scans | k = 0→9 |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | l = 0→16 |
Tmin = 0.346, Tmax = 0.432 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1972 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
1932 independent reflections |
Refinement top
Refinement on F2 | 0 constraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Ref |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.048 | w = 1/[σ2(F) + 0.0004F2] |
wR(F2) = 0.055 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.01 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 1.5 % of maximum e Å−3 |
1932 reflections | Δρmin = 1.5 % of maximum e Å−3 |
271 parameters | Extinction correction: type I, isotropic |
0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 3900 (100) |
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | V = 919.2 (12) Å3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pna21 | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
a = 15.017 (6) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.876 (3) Å | T = 163 K |
c = 10.418 (4) Å | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 1932 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | 1390 reflections with I > 3σ |
Tmin = 0.346, Tmax = 0.432 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1972 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.048 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.055 | Ref |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 1.5 % of maximum e Å−3 |
1932 reflections | Δρmin = 1.5 % of maximum e Å−3 |
271 parameters |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N11 | 0.2188 (2) | 0.2600 (3) | 0.0990 | ? | |
N12 | 0.4691 (2) | 0.2527 (2) | 0.3978 (1) | ? | |
N21 | 0.3534 (2) | 0.2562 (2) | 0.8015 (3) | ? | |
N22 | 0.6025 (2) | 0.2404 (3) | 0.6957 (3) | ? | |
Be1 | 0.2509 (2) | 0.2536 (3) | 0.4161 (3) | ? | |
Be2 | 0.5008 (2) | 0.2553 (3) | 0.0785 (4) | ? | |
F11 | 0.1534 (3) | 0.2299 (6) | 0.3769 (6) | ? | |
F12 | 0.2584 (3) | 0.2867 (6) | 0.5617 (4) | ? | |
F13 | 0.2989 (2) | 0.0333 (5) | 0.3792 (5) | ? | |
F14 | 0.2903 (2) | 0.4609 (5) | 0.3490 (4) | ? | |
F21 | 0.4026 (3) | 0.2750 (7) | 0.1231 (6) | ? | |
F22 | 0.5084 (3) | 0.2235 (6) | −0.0674 (4) | ? | |
F23 | 0.5485 (3) | 0.4767 (6) | 0.1175 (5) | ? | |
F24 | 0.5417 (3) | 0.0452 (6) | 0.1443 (5) | ? | |
H111 | 0.2820 (6) | 0.2840 (15) | 0.1285 (10) | ? | |
H112 | 0.1773 (6) | 0.2828 (14) | 0.1732 (10) | ? | |
H113 | 0.2137 (6) | 0.0995 (12) | 0.0681 (11) | ? | |
H114 | 0.2050 (4) | 0.3645 (10) | 0.0218 (6) | ? | |
H121 | 0.5342 (4) | 0.2658 (11) | 0.3743 (10) | ? | |
H122 | 0.4267 (7) | 0.2783 (16) | 0.3255 (11) | ? | |
H123 | 0.4604 (4) | 0.0883 (9) | 0.4239 (7) | ? | |
H124 | 0.4546 (5) | 0.3666 (15) | 0.4646 (10) | ? | |
H211 | 0.3720 (5) | 0.2607 (17) | 0.7123 (7) | ? | |
H212 | 0.4091 (6) | 0.2233 (15) | 0.8513 (10) | ? | |
H213 | 0.3032 (3) | 0.1444 (9) | 0.8207 (6) | ? | |
H214 | 0.3257 (7) | 0.4022 (14) | 0.8282 (8) | ? | |
H221 | 0.6125 (7) | 0.2383 (12) | 0.7935 (8) | ? | |
H222 | 0.6563 (6) | 0.2190 (15) | 0.6382 (10) | ? | |
H223 | 0.5583 (8) | 0.1183 (17) | 0.6792 (9) | ? | |
H224 | 0.5849 (5) | 0.4021 (10) | 0.6796 (8) | ? |
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N11 | 0.0129 (9) | 0.0124 (8) | 0.0146 (8) | −0.0008 (4) | 0.0010 (8) | −0.0006 (5) |
N12 | 0.0131 (9) | 0.0153 (8) | 0.0201 (9) | 0.0000 (4) | 0.0000 (9) | −0.0005 (5) |
N21 | 0.0115 (8) | 0.0161 (9) | 0.0148 (9) | −0.0001 (4) | 0.0037 (7) | −0.0006 (5) |
N22 | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0119 (9) | 0.0147 (9) | −0.0025 (4) | 0.0018 (8) | 0.0002 (5) |
Be1 | 0.0099 (10) | 0.0136 (9) | 0.0093 (9) | −0.0003 (5) | −0.0020 (7) | −0.0004 (5) |
Be2 | 0.0115 (11) | 0.0086 (8) | 0.0156 (11) | −0.0001 (5) | −0.0025 (8) | 0.0005 (5) |
F11 | 0.0122 (13) | 0.0308 (14) | 0.038 (2) | 0.0010 (11) | −0.0112 (14) | −0.0021 (15) |
F12 | 0.0217 (14) | 0.0246 (10) | 0.0112 (11) | 0.0004 (12) | 0.0005 (10) | −0.0014 (11) |
F13 | 0.0181 (11) | 0.0116 (9) | 0.0265 (14) | 0.0004 (9) | 0.0060 (10) | −0.0047 (10) |
F14 | 0.0203 (13) | 0.0134 (11) | 0.0250 (14) | −0.0002 (9) | 0.0056 (11) | 0.0062 (10) |
F21 | 0.0122 (13) | 0.0311 (13) | 0.0313 (18) | 0.0044 (10) | 0.0022 (13) | 0.0016 (14) |
F22 | 0.0281 (17) | 0.0288 (12) | 0.0131 (13) | 0.0048 (13) | 0.0003 (11) | −0.0035 (13) |
F23 | 0.0233 (13) | 0.0126 (10) | 0.0269 (15) | −0.0027 (9) | −0.0097 (11) | −0.0012 (10) |
F24 | 0.0200 (13) | 0.0152 (11) | 0.0315 (18) | 0.0013 (9) | −0.0040 (11) | 0.0102 (11) |
H111 | 0.040 (4) | 0.048 (3) | 0.051 (4) | −0.013 (3) | −0.021 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
H112 | 0.048 (4) | 0.050 (3) | 0.040 (4) | −0.009 (3) | 0.024 (3) | −0.021 (3) |
H113 | 0.048 (4) | 0.031 (2) | 0.075 (5) | −0.014 (2) | 0.014 (4) | −0.020 (3) |
H114 | 0.034 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.028 (2) | 0.005 (2) | −0.008 (2) | 0.004 (2) |
H121 | 0.014 (2) | 0.045 (3) | 0.050 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.005 (2) | −0.008 (3) |
H122 | 0.044 (4) | 0.054 (4) | 0.048 (4) | 0.001 (3) | −0.025 (4) | 0.002 (4) |
H123 | 0.041 (3) | 0.023 (2) | 0.035 (3) | −0.003 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.004 (2) |
H124 | 0.036 (3) | 0.056 (4) | 0.062 (5) | 0.002 (3) | 0.001 (3) | −0.042 (4) |
H211 | 0.037 (2) | 0.107 (6) | 0.014 (2) | −0.002 (4) | 0.012 (2) | −0.001 (3) |
H212 | 0.026 (3) | 0.051 (4) | 0.043 (3) | 0.006 (3) | −0.004 (2) | 0.003 (3) |
H213 | 0.018 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.037 (2) | −0.006 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
H214 | 0.097 (6) | 0.047 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.049 (4) | −0.002 (4) | −0.014 (3) |
H221 | 0.078 (5) | 0.040 (3) | 0.024 (3) | −0.020 (3) | 0.003 (3) | 0.006 (2) |
H222 | 0.032 (3) | 0.048 (3) | 0.042 (4) | 0.002 (3) | 0.018 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
H223 | 0.079 (5) | 0.053 (4) | 0.045 (4) | −0.036 (4) | 0.006 (4) | 0.002 (3) |
H224 | 0.058 (4) | 0.024 (2) | 0.065 (4) | 0.004 (2) | 0.008 (3) | −0.010 (2) |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Be1—F11 | 1.526 (6) | N12—H121 | 1.012 (7) |
Be1—F12 | 1.533 (6) | N12—H122 | 0.997 (11) |
Be1—F13 | 1.531 (4) | N12—H123 | 1.012 (6) |
Be1—F14 | 1.524 (4) | N12—H124 | 0.989 (10) |
Be2—F21 | 1.550 (6) | N21—H211 | 0.971 (8) |
Be2—F22 | 1.536 (6) | N21—H212 | 1.003 (10) |
Be2—F23 | 1.540 (5) | N21—H213 | 1.020 (5) |
Be2—F24 | 1.539 (4) | N21—H214 | 0.993 (9) |
N11—H111 | 1.008 (9) | N22—H221 | 1.030 (9) |
N11—H112 | 1.002 (10) | N22—H222 | 1.012 (10) |
N11—H113 | 0.999 (8) | N22—H223 | 0.993 (11) |
N11—H114 | 1.033 (6) | N22—H224 | 1.001 (6) |
F11—Be1—F12 | 110.3 (3) | H121—N12—H122 | 115.0 (8) |
F11—Be1—F13 | 107.9 (3) | H121—N12—H123 | 105.2 (5) |
F11—Be1—F14 | 108.8 (3) | H121—N12—H124 | 109.3 (7) |
F12—Be1—F13 | 108.7 (3) | H122—N12—H123 | 105.4 (7) |
F12—Be1—F14 | 108.9 (3) | H122—N12—H124 | 106.8 (8) |
F13—Be1—F14 | 112.2 (3) | H123—N12—H124 | 115.3 (7) |
F21—Be2—F22 | 112.1 (3) | H211—N21—H212 | 105.1 (8) |
F21—Be2—F23 | 107.5 (3) | H211—N21—H213 | 114.7 (7) |
F21—Be2—F24 | 107.8 (3) | H211—N21—H214 | 111.4 (8) |
F22—Be2—F23 | 108.3 (3) | H212—N21—H213 | 113.0 (6) |
F22—Be2—F24 | 109.2 (3) | H212—N21—H214 | 111.8 (8) |
F23—Be2—F24 | 112.0 (3) | H213—N21—H214 | 101.1 (7) |
H111—N11—H112 | 109.4 (8) | H221—N22—H222 | 117.9 (9) |
H111—N11—H113 | 107.6 (7) | H221—N22—H223 | 105.0 (8) |
H111—N11—H114 | 110.1 (7) | H221—N22—H224 | 102.4 (7) |
H112—N11—H113 | 109.1 (8) | H222—N22—H223 | 110.0 (8) |
H112—N11—H114 | 113.3 (7) | H222—N22—H224 | 103.3 (7) |
H113—N11—H114 | 107.1 (7) | H223—N22—H224 | 118.6 (8) |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N11—H111···F21 | 1.01 (1) | 1.81 (1) | 2.774 (5) | 158 (1) |
N11—H113···F12i | 1.00 (1) | 1.89 (1) | 2.829 (4) | 156 (1) |
N11—H114···F13ii | 1.03 (1) | 1.79 (1) | 2.810 (5) | 170 (1) |
N12—H121···F11iii | 1.01 (1) | 1.79 (1) | 2.779 (5) | 165 (1) |
N12—H123···F22iv | 1.01 (1) | 1.89 (1) | 2.842 (4) | 155 (1) |
N12—H124···F23v | 0.99 (1) | 1.84 (1) | 2.799 (5) | 162 (1) |
N21—H212···F22vi | 1.00 (1) | 1.72 (1) | 2.705 (5) | 169 (1) |
N21—H213···F14vii | 1.02 (1) | 1.80 (1) | 2.812 (4) | 176 (1) |
N21—H214···F11viii | 0.99 (1) | 2.02 (1) | 2.894 (4) | 146 (1) |
N21—H214···F13viii | 0.99 (1) | 2.09 (1) | 2.921 (4) | 140 (1) |
N22—H222···F12iii | 1.01 (1) | 1.73 (1) | 2.730 (5) | 169 (1) |
N22—H223···F24iv | 0.99 (1) | 1.82 (1) | 2.792 (4) | 166 (1) |
N22—H224···F21v | 1.00 (1) | 2.00 (1) | 2.948 (4) | 158 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z−1/2; (iii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (vi) x, y, z+1; (vii) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1/2; (viii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2. |
(III) ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate top
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | Dx = 1.759 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
Orthorhombic, Pna21 | Cell parameters from 32 reflections |
Hall symbol: P 2c -2n | θ = 20–27° |
a = 14.997 (5) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.860 (3) Å | T = 20 K |
c = 10.402 (4) Å | Box, colorless |
V = 914.1 (11) Å3 | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Z = 8 |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 1363 reflections with I > 3σ |
Radiation source: reactor | θmax = 55°, θmin = 2° |
Be (002) monochromator | h = 0→23 |
θ/2θ scans | k = 0→5 |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | l = 0→16 |
Tmin = 0.343, Tmax = 0.431 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1516 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
1484 independent reflections |
Refinement top
Refinement on F2 | 0 constraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Ref |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | w = 1/[σ2(F) + 0.0004F2] |
wR(F2) = 0.041 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.01 |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 1 % of maximum e Å−3 |
1484 reflections | Δρmin = 1 % of maximum e Å−3 |
271 parameters | Extinction correction: type I, isotropic |
0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 5100 (100) |
Crystal data top
(NH4)2BeF4 | V = 914.1 (11) Å3 |
Mr = 121.09 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, Pna21 | Neutron radiation, λ = 1.0462 Å |
a = 14.997 (5) Å | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
b = 5.860 (3) Å | T = 20 K |
c = 10.402 (4) Å | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 mm |
Data collection top
Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | 1484 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: analytical ? | 1363 reflections with I > 3σ |
Tmin = 0.343, Tmax = 0.431 | 2 standard reflections every 100 reflections |
1516 measured reflections | intensity decay: none |
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.041 | Ref |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 1 % of maximum e Å−3 |
1484 reflections | Δρmin = 1 % of maximum e Å−3 |
271 parameters |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N11 | 0.2196 (1) | 0.2666 (3) | 0.0990 | ? | |
N12 | 0.4712 (1) | 0.2538 (2) | 0.3941 (1) | ? | |
N21 | 0.3510 (1) | 0.2600 (2) | 0.7972 (2) | ? | |
N22 | 0.6007 (1) | 0.2369 (2) | 0.6937 (2) | ? | |
Be1 | 0.2517 (2) | 0.2578 (2) | 0.4152 (2) | ? | |
Be2 | 0.5029 (1) | 0.2574 (2) | 0.0774 (2) | ? | |
F11 | 0.1544 (2) | 0.2247 (4) | 0.3718 (3) | ? | |
F12 | 0.2565 (1) | 0.2991 (5) | 0.5624 (3) | ? | |
F13 | 0.3028 (1) | 0.0366 (3) | 0.3832 (3) | ? | |
F14 | 0.2905 (1) | 0.4680 (4) | 0.3475 (3) | ? | |
F21 | 0.4054 (2) | 0.2905 (5) | 0.1265 (3) | ? | |
F22 | 0.5049 (2) | 0.2173 (4) | −0.0687 (3) | ? | |
F23 | 0.5540 (1) | 0.4773 (4) | 0.1097 (3) | ? | |
F24 | 0.5421 (1) | 0.0466 (4) | 0.1451 (3) | ? | |
H111 | 0.2832 (3) | 0.2959 (10) | 0.1288 (6) | ? | |
H112 | 0.1754 (4) | 0.2971 (11) | 0.1708 (5) | ? | |
H113 | 0.2151 (3) | 0.0991 (10) | 0.0735 (5) | ? | |
H114 | 0.2058 (3) | 0.3706 (8) | 0.0213 (4) | ? | |
H121 | 0.5369 (3) | 0.2753 (8) | 0.3712 (6) | ? | |
H122 | 0.4319 (3) | 0.2792 (9) | 0.3164 (5) | ? | |
H123 | 0.4622 (3) | 0.0894 (9) | 0.4226 (5) | ? | |
H124 | 0.4534 (2) | 0.3611 (7) | 0.4672 (4) | ? | |
H211 | 0.3634 (5) | 0.2620 (7) | 0.7056 (5) | ? | |
H212 | 0.4066 (3) | 0.2192 (9) | 0.8479 (5) | ? | |
H213 | 0.2997 (2) | 0.1500 (8) | 0.8156 (4) | ? | |
H214 | 0.3332 (3) | 0.4222 (8) | 0.8244 (4) | ? | |
H221 | 0.6183 (4) | 0.2235 (10) | 0.7903 (6) | ? | |
H222 | 0.6563 (3) | 0.1994 (11) | 0.6397 (5) | ? | |
H223 | 0.5494 (2) | 0.1289 (7) | 0.6742 (4) | ? | |
H224 | 0.5835 (3) | 0.4013 (9) | 0.6752 (5) | ? |
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N11 | 0.0069 (5) | 0.0069 (11) | 0.0082 (6) | −0.0002 (3) | −0.0012 (5) | −0.0005 (4) |
N12 | 0.0061 (5) | 0.0034 (11) | 0.0073 (6) | −0.0005 (3) | −0.0011 (5) | −0.0004 (3) |
N21 | 0.0060 (5) | 0.0050 (10) | 0.0052 (5) | 0.0000 (3) | 0.0015 (4) | −0.0001 (3) |
N22 | 0.0076 (6) | 0.0050 (11) | 0.0094 (6) | −0.0008 (3) | 0.0017 (5) | −0.0007 (4) |
Be1 | 0.0070 (6) | 0.0012 (12) | 0.0070 (7) | 0.0005 (3) | 0.0002 (5) | 0.0003 (3) |
Be2 | 0.0032 (6) | 0.0056 (11) | 0.0043 (7) | −0.0001 (3) | 0.0008 (5) | −0.0002 (3) |
F11 | 0.0044 (6) | 0.0072 (12) | 0.0081 (7) | 0.0000 (6) | −0.0012 (5) | 0.0002 (6) |
F12 | 0.0078 (6) | 0.0064 (11) | 0.0051 (6) | −0.0019 (8) | 0.0007 (4) | −0.0015 (7) |
F13 | 0.0056 (5) | 0.0019 (10) | 0.0074 (6) | 0.0003 (5) | 0.0005 (5) | 0.0002 (6) |
F14 | 0.0069 (6) | 0.0045 (11) | 0.0080 (6) | −0.0004 (5) | 0.0010 (5) | 0.0015 (6) |
F21 | 0.0057 (6) | 0.0061 (11) | 0.0090 (7) | 0.0009 (7) | 0.0009 (5) | −0.0018 (7) |
F22 | 0.0074 (6) | 0.0050 (12) | 0.0055 (6) | −0.0009 (7) | 0.0005 (4) | −0.0002 (7) |
F23 | 0.0069 (6) | 0.0044 (11) | 0.0080 (6) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0013 (5) | −0.0010 (6) |
F24 | 0.0061 (5) | 0.0051 (11) | 0.0073 (6) | 0.0007 (5) | 0.0003 (5) | 0.0022 (6) |
H111 | 0.017 (2) | 0.028 (2) | 0.034 (2) | −0.003 (2) | −0.010 (1) | 0.003 (2) |
H112 | 0.030 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.003 (2) | 0.013 (1) | −0.006 (2) |
H113 | 0.032 (2) | 0.015 (3) | 0.027 (2) | −0.001 (2) | −0.002 (1) | −0.004 (2) |
H114 | 0.028 (2) | 0.028 (3) | 0.020 (1) | −0.001 (1) | −0.004 (1) | 0.009 (1) |
H121 | 0.013 (1) | 0.027 (3) | 0.029 (2) | −0.005 (1) | 0.005 (1) | −0.003 (2) |
H122 | 0.025 (2) | 0.025 (3) | 0.024 (2) | −0.001 (1) | −0.014 (1) | 0.003 (2) |
H123 | 0.031 (2) | 0.008 (3) | 0.031 (2) | −0.004 (2) | −0.003 (1) | 0.008 (2) |
H124 | 0.025 (1) | 0.015 (3) | 0.023 (1) | 0.002 (1) | 0.005 (1) | −0.010 (1) |
H211 | 0.047 (3) | 0.031 (3) | 0.007 (1) | 0.001 (2) | 0.010 (2) | −0.002 (1) |
H212 | 0.015 (1) | 0.024 (3) | 0.026 (2) | 0.001 (1) | −0.007 (1) | 0.003 (2) |
H213 | 0.017 (1) | 0.020 (3) | 0.029 (1) | −0.006 (1) | 0.003 (1) | 0.002 (1) |
H214 | 0.033 (2) | 0.014 (3) | 0.030 (2) | 0.008 (2) | −0.001 (1) | −0.006 (1) |
H221 | 0.026 (2) | 0.041 (3) | 0.020 (2) | −0.003 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
H222 | 0.019 (1) | 0.029 (2) | 0.027 (2) | 0.005 (2) | 0.010 (1) | −0.005 (2) |
H223 | 0.020 (1) | 0.021 (3) | 0.025 (1) | −0.010 (1) | 0.000 (1) | −0.003 (1) |
H224 | 0.033 (2) | 0.010 (3) | 0.034 (2) | 0.007 (2) | 0.003 (1) | 0.003 (2) |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Be1—F11 | 1.539 (3) | N12—H121 | 1.020 (5) |
Be1—F12 | 1.553 (4) | N12—H122 | 1.012 (6) |
Be1—F13 | 1.542 (3) | N12—H123 | 1.017 (5) |
Be1—F14 | 1.533 (3) | N12—H124 | 1.022 (5) |
Be2—F21 | 1.560 (3) | N21—H211 | 0.971 (6) |
Be2—F22 | 1.539 (4) | N21—H212 | 1.015 (5) |
Be2—F23 | 1.537 (3) | N21—H213 | 1.023 (4) |
Be2—F24 | 1.538 (3) | N21—H214 | 1.027 (5) |
N11—H111 | 1.018 (5) | N22—H221 | 1.043 (7) |
N11—H112 | 1.014 (6) | N22—H222 | 1.028 (5) |
N11—H113 | 1.019 (6) | N22—H223 | 1.017 (4) |
N11—H114 | 1.033 (5) | N22—H224 | 1.016 (5) |
F11—Be1—F12 | 110.6 (2) | H121—N12—H122 | 111.0 (4) |
F11—Be1—F13 | 107.6 (2) | H121—N12—H123 | 108.2 (4) |
F11—Be1—F14 | 109.1 (2) | H121—N12—H124 | 110.4 (4) |
F12—Be1—F13 | 108.7 (2) | H122—N12—H123 | 107.2 (4) |
F12—Be1—F14 | 108.1 (2) | H122—N12—H124 | 110.6 (4) |
F13—Be1—F14 | 112.8 (2) | H123—N12—H124 | 109.3 (4) |
F21—Be2—F22 | 111.1 (2) | H211—N21—H212 | 110.8 (6) |
F21—Be2—F23 | 107.0 (2) | H211—N21—H213 | 109.6 (5) |
F21—Be2—F24 | 108.0 (2) | H211—N21—H214 | 108.0 (4) |
F22—Be2—F23 | 109.5 (2) | H212—N21—H213 | 111.9 (4) |
F22—Be2—F24 | 108.8 (2) | H212—N21—H214 | 106.8 (4) |
F23—Be2—F24 | 112.5 (2) | H213—N21—H214 | 109.6 (4) |
H111—N11—H112 | 111.0 (5) | H221—N22—H222 | 107.8 (5) |
H111—N11—H113 | 107.6 (4) | H221—N22—H223 | 109.7 (4) |
H111—N11—H114 | 109.1 (4) | H221—N22—H224 | 108.6 (4) |
H112—N11—H113 | 108.6 (5) | H222—N22—H223 | 111.8 (4) |
H112—N11—H114 | 110.0 (4) | H222—N22—H224 | 107.8 (5) |
H113—N11—H114 | 110.6 (4) | H223—N22—H224 | 111.1 (4) |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N11—H111···F21 | 1.02 (1) | 1.83 (1) | 2.805 (3) | 159 (1) |
N11—H113···F12i | 1.02 (1) | 1.81 (1) | 2.789 (4) | 159 (1) |
N11—H114···F13ii | 1.03 (1) | 1.74 (1) | 2.767 (3) | 172 (1) |
N12—H121···F11iii | 1.02 (1) | 1.76 (1) | 2.760 (3) | 165 (1) |
N12—H123···F22iv | 1.02 (1) | 1.87 (1) | 2.811 (3) | 153 (1) |
N12—H124···F23v | 1.02 (1) | 1.76 (1) | 2.767 (3) | 167 (1) |
N21—H212···F22vi | 1.02 (1) | 1.71 (1) | 2.708 (3) | 167 (1) |
N21—H213···F14vii | 1.02 (1) | 1.75 (1) | 2.777 (3) | 178 (1) |
N21—H214···F11viii | 1.03 (1) | 1.85 (1) | 2.833 (3) | 159 (1) |
N21—H214···F13viii | 1.03 (1) | 2.23 (1) | 2.958 (2) | 126 (1) |
N22—H222···F12iii | 1.03 (1) | 1.70 (1) | 2.715 (3) | 166 (1) |
N22—H223···F24iv | 1.02 (1) | 1.74 (1) | 2.757 (3) | 177 (1) |
N22—H224···F21v | 1.02 (1) | 1.88 (1) | 2.858 (3) | 160 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z−1/2; (iii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (vi) x, y, z+1; (vii) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1/2; (viii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Experimental details
(I) | (II) | (III) | |
Crystal data | |||
Chemical formula | (NH4)2BeF4 | (NH4)2BeF4 | (NH4)2BeF4 |
Mr | 121.09 | 121.09 | 121.09 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pnma | Orthorhombic, Pna21 | Orthorhombic, Pna21 |
Temperature (K) | 200 | 163 | 20 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.531 (3), 5.874 (2), 10.399 (4) | 15.017 (6), 5.876 (3), 10.418 (4) | 14.997 (5), 5.860 (3), 10.402 (4) |
V (Å3) | 460.0 (5) | 919.2 (12) | 914.1 (11) |
Z | 4 | 8 | 8 |
Radiation type | Neutron, λ = 1.0462 Å | Neutron, λ = 1.0462 Å | Neutron, λ = 1.0462 Å |
µ (mm−1) | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
Crystal size (mm) | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 | 4.0 × 3.9 × 3.9 |
Data collection | |||
Diffractometer | Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer | Beamline H6M, HFBR diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Analytical | Analytical | Analytical |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.356, 0.428 | 0.346, 0.432 | 0.343, 0.431 |
No. of measured, independent and observed (I > 3σ) reflections | 1018, 996, 790 | 1972, 1932, 1390 | 1516, 1484, 1363 |
Rint | ? | ? | ? |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.783 | 0.783 | 0.783 |
Refinement | |||
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.068, 0.073, 1.04 | 0.048, 0.055, 1.07 | 0.034, 0.041, 1.04 |
No. of reflections | 996 | 1932 | 1484 |
No. of parameters | 83 | 271 | 271 |
H-atom treatment | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 2 % of maximum, 2 % of maximum | 1.5 % of maximum, 1.5 % of maximum | 1 % of maximum, 1 % of maximum |
Computer programs: local, UPALS (Lundgren, 1982).
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) for (I) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···F1i | 1.004 (5) | 1.804 (6) | 2.779 (2) | 162.7 (6) |
N2—H5···F2ii | 0.993 (6) | 1.744 (6) | 2.731 (3) | 171.9 (6) |
N2—H6···F3iii | 0.986 (5) | 1.933 (6) | 2.857 (2) | 155.0 (5) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) x+1/2, y, −z+3/2; (iii) −x+1/2, −y, z+1/2. |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) for (II) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N11—H111···F21 | 1.008 (9) | 1.813 (10) | 2.774 (5) | 158.0 (9) |
N11—H113···F12i | 0.999 (8) | 1.887 (8) | 2.829 (4) | 156.0 (9) |
N11—H114···F13ii | 1.033 (6) | 1.787 (8) | 2.810 (5) | 169.6 (5) |
N12—H121···F11iii | 1.011 (7) | 1.790 (8) | 2.779 (5) | 164.7 (9) |
N12—H123···F22iv | 1.012 (6) | 1.893 (7) | 2.842 (4) | 154.8 (6) |
N12—H124···F23v | 0.989 (10) | 1.840 (11) | 2.799 (5) | 162.3 (8) |
N21—H212···F22vi | 1.003 (10) | 1.715 (10) | 2.705 (5) | 168.6 (8) |
N21—H213···F14vii | 1.020 (5) | 1.795 (6) | 2.812 (4) | 176.1 (5) |
N21—H214···F11viii | 0.993 (9) | 2.016 (9) | 2.894 (4) | 146.2 (9) |
N21—H214···F13viii | 0.993 (9) | 2.092 (11) | 2.921 (4) | 139.8 (8) |
N22—H222···F12iii | 1.012 (10) | 1.728 (10) | 2.730 (5) | 169.1 (9) |
N22—H223···F24iv | 0.993 (11) | 1.819 (11) | 2.792 (4) | 165.7 (9) |
N22—H224···F21v | 1.001 (6) | 1.996 (7) | 2.948 (4) | 158.0 (7) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z−1/2; (iii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (vi) x, y, z+1; (vii) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1/2; (viii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) for (III) top
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N11—H111···F21 | 1.018 (5) | 1.833 (5) | 2.805 (3) | 158.5 (5) |
N11—H113···F12i | 1.019 (8) | 1.813 (7) | 2.789 (4) | 159.3 (4) |
N11—H114···F13ii | 1.033 (5) | 1.740 (5) | 2.767 (3) | 172.2 (4) |
N12—H121···F11iii | 1.021 (5) | 1.763 (5) | 2.760 (3) | 164.5 (5) |
N12—H123···F22iv | 1.017 (5) | 1.866 (6) | 2.811 (3) | 153.1 (4) |
N12—H124···F23v | 1.022 (5) | 1.762 (5) | 2.767 (3) | 166.6 (3) |
N21—H212···F22vi | 1.015 (5) | 1.711 (5) | 2.708 (3) | 166.6 (5) |
N21—H213···F14vii | 1.023 (4) | 1.754 (6) | 2.777 (3) | 178.4 (4) |
N21—H214···F11viii | 1.027 (5) | 1.849 (5) | 2.833 (3) | 159.1 (4) |
N21—H214···F13viii | 1.027 (5) | 2.232 (5) | 2.958 (2) | 126.3 (4) |
N22—H222···F12iii | 1.028 (5) | 1.704 (5) | 2.715 (3) | 166.1 (6) |
N22—H223···F24iv | 1.017 (4) | 1.742 (4) | 2.757 (3) | 177.1 (4) |
N22—H224···F21v | 1.016 (5) | 1.883 (6) | 2.858 (3) | 159.7 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z−1/2; (iii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z; (iv) −x+1, −y, z+1/2; (v) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (vi) x, y, z+1; (vii) −x+1/2, y−1/2, z+1/2; (viii) −x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Bond distances and angles (°, %A) top
I | II | III | |
Be1–F11 | 1.535 (3) | 1.526 (6) | 1.539 (3) |
Be1–F12 | 1.524 (3) | 1.533 (6) | 1.553 (4) |
Be1–F13 | 1.526 (2) | 1.531 (4) | 1.542 (3) |
Be1–F14 | 1.524 (4) | 1.533 (3) | |
Be2–F21 | 1.550 (6) | 1.560 (3) | |
Be2–F22 | 1.536 (6) | 1.539 (4) | |
Be2–F23 | 1.540 (5) | 1.537 (3) | |
Be2–F24 | 1.539 (4) | 1.538 (3) | |
N11–H111 | 1.004 (5) | 1.008 (9) | 1.018 (5) |
N11–H112 | 0.988 (7) | 1.002 (10) | 1.014 (6) |
N11–H113 | 0.964 (6) | 0.999 (8) | 1.019 (6) |
N11–H114 | 1.033 (6) | 1.033 (5) | |
N12–H121 | 1.012 (7) | 1.020 (5) | |
N12–H122 | 0.997 (11) | 1.012 (6) | |
N12–H123 | 1.012 (6) | 1.017 (5) | |
N12–H124 | 0.989 (10) | 1.022 (5) | |
N21–H211 | 1.000 (5) | 0.971 (8) | 0.971 (6) |
N21–H212 | 0.993 (6) | 1.003 (10) | 1.015 (5) |
N21–H213 | 0.985 (6) | 1.020 (5) | 1.023 (4) |
N21–H214 | 0.993 (9) | 1.027 (5) | |
N22–H221 | 1.030 (9) | 1.043 (7) | |
N22–H222 | 1.012 (10) | 1.028 (5) | |
N22–H223 | 0.993 (11) | 1.017 (4) | |
N22–H224 | 1.001 (6) | 1.016 (5) | |
I | II | III | |
F11–Be1–F12 | 111.3 (2) | 110.3 (3) | 110.6 (2) |
F11–Be1–F13 | 108.2 (1) | 107.9 (3) | 107.6 (2) |
F11–Be1–F14 | 108.6 (1) | 108.8 (3) | 109.1 (2) |
F12–Be1–F13 | 108.7 (3) | 108.7 (2) | |
F12–Be1–F14 | 108.9 (3) | 108.1 (2) | |
F13–Be1–F14 | 112.2 (3) | 112.8 (2) | |
F21–Be2–F22 | 112.1 (3) | 111.1 (2) | |
F21–Be2–F23 | 107.5 (3) | 107.0 (2) | |
F21–Be2–F24 | 107.8 (3) | 108.0 (2) | |
F22–Be2–F23 | 108.3 (3) | 109.5 (2) | |
F22–Be2–F24 | 109.2 (3) | 108.8 (2) | |
F23–Be2–F24 | 112.0 (3) | 112.5 (2) | |
H111–N11–H112 | 115.4 (6) | 109.4 (8) | 111.0 (5) |
H111–N11–H113 | 107.4 (3) | 107.6 (7) | 107.6 (4) |
H111–N11–H114 | 107.3 (4) | 110.1 (7) | 109.1 (4) |
H112–N11–H113 | 109.1 (8) | 108.6 (5) | |
H112–N11–H114 | 113.3 (7) | 110.0 (4) | |
H113–N11–H114 | 107.1 (7) | 110.6 (4) | |
H121–N12–H122 | 115.0 (8) | 111.0 (4) | |
H121–N12–H123 | 105.2 (5) | 108.2 (4) | |
H121–N12–H124 | 109.3 (7) | 110.4 (4) | |
H122–N12–H123 | 105.4 (7) | 107.2 (4) | |
H122–N12–H124 | 106.8 (8) | 110.6 (4) | |
H123–N12–H124 | 115.3 (7) | 109.3 (4) | |
H211–N21–H212 | 112.8 (6) | 105.1 (8) | 110.8 (6) |
H211–N21–H213 | 108.9 (4) | 114.7 (7) | 109.6 (5) |
H211–N21–H214 | 110.7 (4) | 111.4 (8) | 108.0 (4) |
H212–N21–H213 | 113.0 (6) | 111.9 (4) | |
H212–N21–H214 | 111.8 (8) | 106.8 (4) | |
H213–N21–H214 | 101.1 (7) | 109.6 (4) | |
H221–N22–H222 | 117.9 (9) | 107.8 (5) | |
H221–N22–H223 | 105.0 (8) | 109.7 (4) | |
H221–N22–H224 | 102.4 (7) | 108.6 (4) | |
H222–N22–H223 | 110.0 (8) | 111.8 (4) | |
H222–N22–H224 | 103.3 (7) | 107.8 (5) | |
H223–N22–H224 | 118.6 (8) | 111.1 (4) |