Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810003223/br2134sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810003223/br2134Isup2.hkl |
Key indicators
- Single-crystal X-ray study
- T = 296 K
- Mean (Si-N) = 0.012 Å
- Disorder in main residue
- R factor = 0.045
- wR factor = 0.105
- Data-to-parameter ratio = 27.1
checkCIF/PLATON results
No syntax errors found
Alert level A PLAT036_ALERT_1_A No s.u. Given for Flack Parameter .............. ?
Author Response: The refinement was carried out considering the presence of twin by metric merohedry (twin individuals 1 and 2) and twin by merohedry (inversion: twin individuals 3 and 4). The volume ratio of the four domains estimated from BASF parameters were refined to be 0.288:0.219:0.206:0.287 with the esu's of \~0.007. See also experimental section. |
Alert level B SYMMS02_ALERT_1_B All angles should not be 90 for a monoclinic cell Cell 14.7557 7.4627 9.0348 Angles 90.0000 90.0000 90.0000
Alert level C PLAT242_ALERT_2_C Check Low Ueq as Compared to Neighbors for Si3 PLAT324_ALERT_2_C Check for Possibly Missing H on Coordinating.... N4 PLAT324_ALERT_2_C Check for Possibly Missing H on Coordinating.... N8 PLAT324_ALERT_2_C Check for Possibly Missing H on Coordinating.... N9 PLAT324_ALERT_2_C Check for Possibly Missing H on Coordinating.... N11 PLAT911_ALERT_3_C Missing # FCF Refl Between THmin & STh/L= 0.600 5 PLAT041_ALERT_1_C Calc. and Reported SumFormula Strings Differ ? PLAT077_ALERT_4_C Unitcell contains non-integer number of atoms .. ? PLAT912_ALERT_4_C Missing # of FCF Reflections Above STh/L= 0.600 8
Alert level G REFLT03_ALERT_4_G Please check that the estimate of the number of Friedel pairs is correct. If it is not, please give the correct count in the _publ_section_exptl_refinement section of the submitted CIF. From the CIF: _diffrn_reflns_theta_max 27.50 From the CIF: _reflns_number_total 4384 Count of symmetry unique reflns 2442 Completeness (_total/calc) 179.52% TEST3: Check Friedels for noncentro structure Estimate of Friedel pairs measured 1942 Fraction of Friedel pairs measured 0.795 Are heavy atom types Z>Si present yes PLAT083_ALERT_2_G SHELXL Second Parameter in WGHT Unusually Large. 7.91 PLAT301_ALERT_3_G Note: Main Residue Disorder ................... 12.00 Perc. PLAT302_ALERT_4_G Note: Anion/Solvent Disorder ................... 64.00 Perc. PLAT791_ALERT_4_G The Model has Chirality at Si2 (Verify) .... S PLAT791_ALERT_4_G The Model has Chirality at Si4 (Verify) .... R PLAT791_ALERT_4_G The Model has Chirality at Si8 (Verify) .... R PLAT791_ALERT_4_G The Model has Chirality at Si9 (Verify) .... R PLAT811_ALERT_5_G No ADDSYM Analysis: Too Many Excluded Atoms .... ! PLAT931_ALERT_5_G Check Twin Law ( 1 0 0)[ ] Estimated BASF 0.50
1 ALERT level A = In general: serious problem 1 ALERT level B = Potentially serious problem 9 ALERT level C = Check and explain 10 ALERT level G = General alerts; check 3 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 6 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 2 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 8 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 2 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check
The powder sample with a starting composition of Sr6Si27Al6O6N42 was prepared from α-Si3N4 (SN—E10, Ube Industries Ltd.), SrO (Kojyundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.), and AlN (Type F, Tokuyama Co., Ltd.). The mixture was ground in the Si3N4 mortar and pestle. The powder sample was filled in h-BN crucible and fired in a graphite resistance furnace at 2173 K for 24 hours under 1 MPa nitrogen atmosphere. The chemical composition was not analyzed on this batch, but done on another Eu-doped (3.0 at%) batch using EPMA, resulting in Sr5.82Eu0.18Al6.67Si26.77N41.50O4.11. This composition can be rewritten as (Sr,Eu)3(Al3+xSi13-x)(N21-xO2+x) (x~0.06±0.32). A small amount of Eu was also detected from the X-ray diffraction analysis for the crystals sampled from the batch in which no Eu was included as starting components. This probably came from a contamination from the furnace or the crucible.
The reciprocal sections synthesized from the frame data indicated no significant diffuse scattering for any reflections. Several very weak reflections were found not coincident at the lattice points expected for the present structure. They were neglected because their locations differed from sample to sample. No significant departure from the metrical orthrhombicity was detected from the laboratory source and the synchrotron X-ray experiments. The Laue symmetry was well approximated by mmm. However, all trials of structure solution assuming the orthorhombic space groups were unsuccessful or only revealed that almost all the atom sites except for Sr should assume the split atom model. The best R1 factor was 0.11 for P21221.
The possibility of orthorhombic-mimicking monoclinic structure was then examined. From the systematic absence of reflections, possible space groups were limited to the noncentrosymmetric P1121 and centrosymmetric P1121/m. The latter was discarded in the course of solving structures. The refinement of the P1121 model assuming a single component in the crystal gave R1=0.0635 for 4384 reflections. A possible existence of twin components was suspected from a high K factor, defined as Mean[Fo2]/Mean[Fc2], of 2.6 in the region Fc/Fc(max) <0.033.
The point group of the crystal is 112 which is a merohedry in monoclinic crystal system. The symmetry element for the inversion twin is m' of the monoclinic holohedry, 112'/m'. In addition, since the crystal lattice is metrically orthorhombic, 'double twinning' can take place in which 'twin by merohedry' and 'twin by metric merohedry' occur at the same time (Coch, 2004; Nespolo, 2004). In the twin by metric merohedry, the twin element can be chosen from the symmetry elements of the orthorhombic holohedry, 2"/m"2"/m"2"/m". Possible combinations are categorized into five groups, (1) 112 (no twin), (2) 112/m' (inversion twin by merohedry), (3) m"12, 1m"2, and m"m"2 (reflection twin by metric merohedry), (4) 2"12, 12"2, and 2"2"2 (rotation twin by metric merohedry), and (5) m"2"2, 2"/m"12, 2"/m"2"/m"2, 2"12/m', 1m"2/m', and 2"/m"2"/m"2/m' (twin by double merohedry), each of which contains the same set of equivalent points. All these groups were examined through the least-squares procedure. The R1 factors are 0.0635 for group 1, 0.595 for group 2, 0.0481 for group 3, 0.475 for group 4, and 0.0447 for group 5. The double merohedry model (group 5) was finally adopted from comparing R1 factors, residual electrons, and K factors. The K factor improved significantly to 0.98 which is close to the ideal value of 1. The refined volume fractions of the individual twin components assuming 2"12/m' in the crystal are 28 (1)%, 22 (1)%, 21 (1)%, and 29 (1)%, where the second individual is related to the first by the two–fold rotation about a, and the third and forth are the inversions of the first and second, respectively.
Anisotropic ADPs for Sr(Eu) and isotropic ones for the other atoms were employed in the refinement. It was difficult to refine ADPs of all crystallographically independent Al(Si) and N(O) atom sites simultaneously, mainly due to insufficient high-angle diffraction data. As mentioned in Comment, the structure is composed of the dreier and sechser ring layers. The dreier ring layer is mainly composed of Si and N, while the sechser ring layers enriches Al and O at Si(Al) and N(O) sites, respectively, presenting more ionic bonding nature. It is also noted that the sechser ring layer contains Si(Al)15-16 and Si(Al)17-18 split atom pair sites with 50% population. Therefore the Al and Si atoms were classified into three groups each of which has similar circumstance in view of the structural-chemistry: (a) Si(Al)1 through Si(Al)10 in the dreier ring layer, having a tetrahedral coordination to N(O), (b) Si(Al)11 thorough Si(Al)14 in the sechser ring layer, and (c) Si(Al)15 through Si(Al)18 split pairs in the sechser ring layer. In a similar way, the N and O atoms are classified into (d) N(O)1 through N(O)16 with distorted planer 3-fold coordination in the dreier ring layer, (e) N(O)17 through N(O)20 with distorted planer 3-fold coordination in the sechser ring layer, and (f) N(O)21 through N(O)23 with distorted linear coordination with Si(Al) in the sechser ring layer and additional coordination to two Sr(Eu) atoms in the channel. The same ADP and the same population were assumed for Si(Al) atom sites belonging to the same group. Similar constraints were assumed for the N(O) atom sites. Preliminary population analysis suggested no Al in group (a), and no O in groups (d) and (f) within experimental errors. The other sites in groups (b), (c) and (e) were supposed to be almost equally occupied by the two atoms. To reduce ambiguities, fixed population numbers were assumed in the final stage of refinements except for Sr(Eu)2 and Sr(Eu)3. These constraints led the composition of the crystal to (Sr,Eu)3(Al3+xSi13-x)(N21-xO2+x) with x=0, which agreed with the EPMA analysis on a compound synthesized in similar conditions as mentioned in Experimental.
The connectivity diagram of the asymmetric unit of structure is shown in Fig. 1. The Si and Al atoms are in tetrahedral coordination with N and O atoms, forming 'dreier' and 'sechser' ring layers, as shown in Fig. 2. These names follow the paper of Oeckler et al. (2009) on the Sr5Al5+xSi21-xN35-xO2+x:Eu2+ (x~0) structure. The Si(Al) tetrahedra are corner-shared in the dreier ring layer whereas an edge of each tetrahedron is shared with the other in the sechser ring layer. The alternating stacking of the dreier and sechser ring layers perpendicular to the b axis provides two channels with different sizes, running straight along the a axis. The crystals were usually grown in platelets developing {010} crystal faces, suggesting a slower growth rate along the stacking direction of the dreier and sechser ring layers.
The Si(Al)1-10 sites and N(O)1-16 sites in the dreier ring layer are almost exclusively occupied by Si and N, respectively, within the experimental error. The mean bond distance of the Si tetrahedra in the dreier ring layer is 1.76 (2) Å which is close to 1.72 Å as expected from the sum of ionic radii of Si4+ adn N3- (Shannon, 1976). The N(O)17-20 sites are located at the boundary of the dreier and sechser ring layers and occupied equally by N and O atoms. The Si(Al)11-14 sites in the sechser ring layers contain Si and Al atoms. The Si(Al)15 -16 and Si(Al)17 -18 split pair sites in the sechser ring layers are half filled with Si or Al. The N(O)21-23 sites are located in the sechser ring layer and occupied by N almost exclusively within the experimental error. All the Si(Al) tetrahedra in sechser ring layer have at least one long bond of circa 1.80 Å, suggesting a statistical presence of Al—N bonds of ca. 1.85 Å (Shannon, 1976). This geometrical feature supports the result of population analysis for the structure containing two different atoms with similar scattering powers for X-rays at the same site.
The geometry around the Si(Al)15-16 and Si(Al)17-18 split pairs in the sechser ring layer is shown in Fig. 3. The configuration varies depending upon the real location of Si(Al) atom at either site of the split pair. The N23 site bridges two Si(Al) atoms in tetrahedral coordination.
The Sr atoms reside in the larger channel coordinating to 7 N(O) atoms at distances less than 3.1 Å. The Eu atoms displace 4-6% Sr atoms at Sr(Eu)2-3 sites, whereas none at Sr(Eu)1 within the experimental error. Since Sr(Eu)2-3 sites enriches O around themselves, a possible coupling of the Eu and O distributions in the structure can be pointed out.
Oeckler et al. (2009) reported that the composition of their Sr-bearing sialon Sr5Al5+xSi21-xN35-xO2+x:Eu2+ (x~0) can be expressed as '5551' , i.e., 5SrSiN2+5AlN+5Si3N4+1SiO2, when x=0. In this context, the composition of the present crystal, Sr3(Al3+xSi13-x) (N21-xO2+x) :Eu2+ (x~0), corresponds to '6662'(='3331'), i. e., 6SrSiN2+6Si3N4+6AlN+2SiO2. The Eu analogue, Eu3(Al3+xSi13-x) (N21-xO2+x) (x=1/3) (Michiue et al., 2009), is also close to 3331 where SrSiN2 should read EuSiN2.
The 5551 Sr-sialon has a commensurately modulated structure approximated by the orthorhombic Pmn21 symmetry (Oeckler et al., 2009). The unit cells of 5551 and 3331 Sr-sialons have similar b and c dimensions (~ 7.47 and ~9.04 Å, respectively), while they differ in a (~ 23.614 and ~14.756 Å, respectively). The two structures are considered as 8 and 5 times superstructure regarding the underlying parent structure with ao =2.954 Å (Oeckler et al. 2009), respectively. Actually, the ratio in a-length is 23.614/14.756 ~1.600 (=8/5), and the ratio in cell volume is 1602/995 ~1.610 (~ 8/5). If we apply this 8/5 rule to the composition, the 3331 compound can be expressed as Sr4.8(Al,Si)25.6(N,O)36.8 with respect to Sr5(Al,Si)26(N,O)37 of 5551. The ca. 4 at% relative deficiency of Sr in 3331 expressed as such is conspicuous compared with those of the other constituent atoms, providing an insight into a possible modulation mechanism in these structures.
The relative Sr-deficiency is a measure of Sr concentration per unit volume. Since the b and c lengths are approximately the same in 3331 and 5551, the Sr concentration per volume is reduced to that per length along the channel in which the Sr atoms reside. The mean Sr—Sr distances in 3331 and 5551 are 4.919 Å (=a3331/3=5ao/3) and 4.723 Å (=a5551/5=8ao/5) along the channel, respectively. The superimposed figure, as shown in Fig. 4, indicates that the Sr atoms faintly slip out of position as they depart further from a reference point on one of the two-fold screw axes. In another point of view, compounds 3331 and 5551 have 24 and 25 Sr atoms, respectively, in a single channel spanning 40ao. This one Sr-atom difference in number for every ~118 Å span along the Sr channel is an essential point that characterizes the structural difference between 3331 and 5551.
The 3331 and 5551 Sr-sialons have a structural similarity in the skeleton surrounding the Sr channels. The ADP ellipsoids of Sr in 3331 and 5551 compounds show a very large component along a, with the ratio of the largest/ smallest principal ADP components being close to 10, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4. This extraordinary large anisotropy may suggest a possible occurrence of displacive modulation of the slippery Sr atoms along the channel. In the 5551 compound, this modulation has been evidenced in the diffuse scattering of commensurately modulated satellites along a (Oeckler et al., 2009). On the other hand, many small crystal fragments picked up from the 3331 batch in the present study did not show any such diffuse nature. This could partly owe to the higher firing temperature of 2173 K to which the present 3331 batch was subjected.
The present analysis on the 3331 Sr-sialon was carried out independently and in a different approach against the study on the 3331 Eu-sialon by Michiue et al., (2009). Although these 3331 sialons were finally found to have similar structures, a complicated microstructure like twins in crystals of Sr-sialon should be noted, as given in Refinement. This may suggest a presence of microstress in channels, which can be introduced by the replacement of Eu with Sr having a slightly larger ionic radius.
For the isotypic Eu-bearing oxonitridoaluminosilicate (Eu-sialon) Eu3Al3+xSi13-xN21-xO2+x (x = 1/3), see: Michiue et al. (2009). For the closely related Sr-bearing sialon structure Sr5Al5+xSi21-xN35-xO2+x:Eu2+ (x ~0), see: Oeckler et al. (2009). For the twin analysis, see: Coch (2004); Nespolo (2004). Ionic radii were taken from Shannon (1976).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ATOMS (Dowty, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Sr3Al3Si13N21O2 | F(000) = 1001.0 |
Mr = 2081.94 | Dx = 3.475 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P1121 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2c | Cell parameters from 3169 reflections |
a = 14.7557 (5) Å | θ = 4.5–35.7° |
b = 7.4627 (2) Å | µ = 9.05 mm−1 |
c = 9.0348 (3) Å | T = 296 K |
β = 90° | Plate, light yellow |
V = 994.89 (5) Å3 | 0.08 × 0.08 × 0.01 mm |
Z = 1 |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 4384 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3672 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.036 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.4° |
Absorption correction: numerical (Meulenaer & Tompa, 1965) | h = −18→19 |
Tmin = 0.532, Tmax = 0.915 | k = −9→9 |
11854 measured reflections | l = −11→11 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0316P)2 + 7.9067P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.105 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 1.33 e Å−3 |
4384 reflections | Δρmin = −1.25 e Å−3 |
162 parameters | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1942 Friedel pairs |
1 restraint | Absolute structure parameter: 0.00 |
Sr3Al3Si13N21O2 | V = 994.89 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 2081.94 | Z = 1 |
Monoclinic, P1121 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 14.7557 (5) Å | µ = 9.05 mm−1 |
b = 7.4627 (2) Å | T = 296 K |
c = 9.0348 (3) Å | 0.08 × 0.08 × 0.01 mm |
β = 90° |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 4384 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: numerical (Meulenaer & Tompa, 1965) | 3672 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.532, Tmax = 0.915 | Rint = 0.036 |
11854 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | 1 restraint |
wR(F2) = 0.105 | Δρmax = 1.33 e Å−3 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmin = −1.25 e Å−3 |
4384 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1942 Friedel pairs |
162 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.00 |
Geometry. Atom labels of Al and O are used for the Si(Al) and N(O) mixed sites, respectively, to distinguish them from the pure Si and N sites in Geometric parameters. All s.u.'s (except the s.u. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell s.u.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of s.u.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between s.u.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell s.u.'s is used for estimating s.u.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Sr1 | 0.7496 (2) | 0.7488 (2) | 0.5178 (4) | 0.0275 (3) | |
Sr2 | 0.91735 (19) | 1.2554 (2) | 1.00147 (13) | 0.0361 (8) | 0.943 (11) |
Eu2 | 0.91735 (19) | 1.2554 (2) | 1.00147 (13) | 0.0361 (8) | 0.057 (11) |
Sr3 | 0.58236 (18) | 1.2652 (2) | 1.03237 (15) | 0.0390 (8) | 0.963 (11) |
Eu3 | 0.58236 (18) | 1.2652 (2) | 1.03237 (15) | 0.0390 (8) | 0.037 (11) |
Si1 | 0.9992 (3) | 0.1230 (6) | 0.6686 (5) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si2 | 0.8011 (3) | 1.1316 (6) | 0.6707 (4) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si3 | 0.5002 (3) | 0.8635 (5) | 0.8784 (5) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si4 | 0.6000 (3) | 1.1307 (4) | 0.6782 (4) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si5 | 0.6989 (3) | 0.8634 (6) | 0.8770 (4) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si6 | 0.8019 (3) | 0.8726 (6) | 0.1733 (5) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si7 | 0.6983 (3) | 1.1443 (5) | 0.3783 (4) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si8 | 0.6021 (3) | 0.8640 (4) | 1.1774 (3) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si9 | 0.8979 (3) | 1.1420 (4) | 0.3693 (4) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si10 | 0.8997 (3) | 0.8467 (4) | 0.8744 (3) | 0.00785 (14)* | |
Si11 | 0.9081 (4) | 0.4859 (5) | 0.6769 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Al11 | 0.9081 (4) | 0.4859 (5) | 0.6769 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Si12 | 0.9111 (3) | 0.5575 (5) | 0.3255 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Al12 | 0.9111 (3) | 0.5575 (5) | 0.3255 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Si13 | 0.5914 (3) | 0.4893 (5) | 0.3518 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Al13 | 0.5914 (3) | 0.4893 (5) | 0.3518 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Si14 | 0.5930 (4) | 0.5559 (5) | 0.7048 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Al14 | 0.5930 (4) | 0.5559 (5) | 0.7048 (4) | 0.0089 (2)* | 0.50 |
Si15 | 0.7794 (5) | 0.5102 (12) | 0.8496 (9) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Al15 | 0.7794 (5) | 0.5102 (12) | 0.8496 (9) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Si16 | 0.7174 (5) | 0.4400 (10) | 0.8280 (8) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Al16 | 0.7174 (5) | 0.4400 (10) | 0.8280 (8) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Si17 | 0.7759 (5) | 0.4455 (10) | 0.1969 (8) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Al17 | 0.7759 (5) | 0.4455 (10) | 0.1969 (8) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Si18 | 0.7234 (5) | 0.5127 (11) | 0.1785 (9) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
Al18 | 0.7234 (5) | 0.5127 (11) | 0.1785 (9) | 0.0031 (4)* | 0.25 |
N1 | 0.5017 (7) | 0.9760 (14) | 1.2397 (11) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N2 | 0.6002 (7) | 0.9021 (10) | 0.9819 (9) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N3 | 0.7020 (7) | 0.9704 (14) | 0.2475 (11) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N4 | 1.0012 (10) | 0.3442 (18) | 0.7379 (15) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N5 | 0.8092 (8) | 1.3587 (16) | 0.7131 (11) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N6 | 0.6873 (9) | 1.3573 (19) | 0.3056 (15) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N7 | 0.7989 (7) | 1.1040 (13) | 0.4784 (12) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N8 | 0.8076 (9) | 0.6538 (19) | 0.2477 (15) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N9 | 0.6904 (9) | 0.6535 (18) | 0.7795 (13) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N10 | 0.9000 (8) | 1.0199 (10) | 0.7380 (8) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N11 | 0.5017 (9) | 0.3505 (18) | 0.3017 (15) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N12 | 0.9011 (8) | 0.9851 (10) | 0.2255 (8) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N13 | 0.7984 (7) | 0.8789 (13) | 0.9806 (12) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N14 | 0.5986 (8) | 1.1229 (10) | 0.4854 (8) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N15 | 1.0006 (7) | 0.8822 (13) | 0.9770 (12) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N16 | 0.7037 (7) | 1.0287 (13) | 0.7367 (11) | 0.0108 (3)* | |
N17 | 0.8937 (9) | 0.3424 (17) | 0.2743 (14) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
O17 | 0.8937 (9) | 0.3424 (17) | 0.2743 (14) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
N18 | 0.6009 (8) | 0.6407 (13) | 0.2163 (12) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
O18 | 0.6009 (8) | 0.6407 (13) | 0.2163 (12) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
N19 | 0.6054 (9) | 0.3427 (16) | 0.7602 (14) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
O19 | 0.6054 (9) | 0.3427 (16) | 0.7602 (14) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
N20 | 0.8832 (7) | 0.6333 (16) | 0.8160 (15) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
O20 | 0.8832 (7) | 0.6333 (16) | 0.8160 (15) | 0.0198 (8)* | 0.50 |
N21 | 0.9172 (10) | 0.5896 (13) | 0.5118 (15) | 0.0170 (7)* | |
N22 | 0.5862 (11) | 0.5887 (12) | 0.5222 (15) | 0.0170 (7)* | |
N23 | 0.7617 (8) | 0.4054 (11) | 1.0138 (16) | 0.0170 (7)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Sr1 | 0.0449 (6) | 0.0107 (4) | 0.0270 (6) | −0.0073 (12) | 0.0216 (5) | −0.0071 (9) |
Sr2 | 0.0732 (18) | 0.0225 (7) | 0.0126 (7) | −0.0157 (15) | 0.0099 (9) | −0.0044 (5) |
Eu2 | 0.0732 (18) | 0.0225 (7) | 0.0126 (7) | −0.0157 (15) | 0.0099 (9) | −0.0044 (5) |
Sr3 | 0.0664 (17) | 0.0363 (11) | 0.0143 (8) | 0.0289 (14) | 0.0104 (9) | −0.0003 (6) |
Eu3 | 0.0664 (17) | 0.0363 (11) | 0.0143 (8) | 0.0289 (14) | 0.0104 (9) | −0.0003 (6) |
Sr1—N9 | 2.618 (13) | Si7—N7 | 1.764 (11) |
Sr1—N8 | 2.682 (13) | Si7—N14 | 1.769 (11) |
Sr1—N22 | 2.690 (16) | Si8—O18iv | 1.703 (10) |
Sr1—N21 | 2.745 (14) | Si8—N3iv | 1.789 (11) |
Sr1—N7 | 2.773 (9) | Si8—N2 | 1.789 (8) |
Sr1—N16 | 2.955 (10) | Si8—N1 | 1.792 (11) |
Sr1—N3 | 3.032 (10) | Si9—O17i | 1.725 (13) |
Sr2—N23i | 2.557 (11) | Si9—N12 | 1.749 (8) |
Sr2—O17ii | 2.573 (13) | Si9—N7 | 1.784 (11) |
Sr2—N21iii | 2.702 (14) | Si9—N15xii | 1.795 (11) |
Sr2—N4i | 2.764 (14) | Si10—O20 | 1.696 (13) |
Sr2—N12iv | 2.868 (7) | Si10—N15 | 1.775 (11) |
Sr2—N10 | 2.970 (8) | Si10—N10 | 1.786 (8) |
Sr2—N15 | 3.052 (10) | Si10—N13 | 1.792 (11) |
Sr3—O19i | 2.549 (12) | Al11—N21 | 1.687 (13) |
Sr3—N22v | 2.718 (16) | Al11—O20 | 1.710 (14) |
Sr3—N2 | 2.760 (7) | Al11—N5viii | 1.771 (12) |
Sr3—N11ii | 2.783 (13) | Al11—N4 | 1.819 (14) |
Sr3—N23i | 2.851 (11) | Al12—N4vi | 1.685 (15) |
Sr3—N6iv | 2.994 (13) | Al12—O17 | 1.690 (13) |
Sr3—N1 | 3.096 (10) | Al12—N21 | 1.702 (14) |
Si1—N15vi | 1.732 (12) | Al12—N8 | 1.829 (14) |
Si1—N12vii | 1.755 (12) | Al13—O18 | 1.672 (11) |
Si1—N4 | 1.765 (14) | Al13—N22 | 1.711 (13) |
Si1—N10viii | 1.769 (11) | Al13—N11 | 1.740 (14) |
Si2—N16 | 1.734 (11) | Al13—N6viii | 1.773 (14) |
Si2—N5 | 1.742 (13) | Al14—N22 | 1.671 (14) |
Si2—N7 | 1.750 (12) | Al14—O19 | 1.678 (12) |
Si2—N10 | 1.787 (11) | Al14—N9 | 1.747 (14) |
Si3—N1ix | 1.734 (11) | Al14—N11x | 1.791 (15) |
Si3—N11x | 1.741 (15) | Al15—N23 | 1.697 (15) |
Si3—N14v | 1.752 (11) | Al15—N5viii | 1.730 (14) |
Si3—N2 | 1.770 (11) | Al15—N9 | 1.807 (16) |
Si4—N14 | 1.743 (8) | Al15—O20 | 1.811 (13) |
Si4—O19i | 1.749 (13) | Al16—N9 | 1.700 (15) |
Si4—N1ix | 1.788 (12) | Al16—N5viii | 1.811 (14) |
Si4—N16 | 1.789 (12) | Al16—N23 | 1.820 (15) |
Si5—N13 | 1.745 (11) | Al16—O19 | 1.906 (15) |
Si5—N2 | 1.762 (11) | Al17—N8 | 1.687 (16) |
Si5—N16 | 1.770 (11) | Al17—N23xi | 1.694 (16) |
Si5—N9 | 1.802 (14) | Al17—N6viii | 1.762 (15) |
Si6—N13xi | 1.742 (12) | Al17—O17 | 2.026 (15) |
Si6—N12 | 1.752 (12) | Al18—N6viii | 1.716 (16) |
Si6—N8 | 1.768 (15) | Al18—N8 | 1.745 (16) |
Si6—N3 | 1.777 (11) | Al18—N23xi | 1.783 (15) |
Si7—N6 | 1.728 (15) | Al18—O18 | 2.072 (14) |
Si7—N3 | 1.756 (11) | ||
N15vi—Si1—N12vii | 106.4 (5) | O20—Si10—N15 | 115.0 (5) |
N15vi—Si1—N4 | 112.0 (6) | O20—Si10—N10 | 117.7 (6) |
N12vii—Si1—N4 | 108.2 (6) | N15—Si10—N10 | 104.5 (5) |
N15vi—Si1—N10viii | 110.2 (5) | O20—Si10—N13 | 100.0 (6) |
N12vii—Si1—N10viii | 113.0 (4) | N15—Si10—N13 | 113.6 (4) |
N4—Si1—N10viii | 107.1 (6) | N10—Si10—N13 | 106.0 (5) |
N16—Si2—N5 | 114.3 (6) | N21—Al11—O20 | 111.8 (6) |
N16—Si2—N7 | 105.9 (5) | N21—Al11—N5viii | 118.4 (6) |
N5—Si2—N7 | 109.5 (5) | O20—Al11—N5viii | 91.8 (6) |
N16—Si2—N10 | 110.7 (5) | N21—Al11—N4 | 118.3 (7) |
N5—Si2—N10 | 108.8 (5) | O20—Al11—N4 | 108.3 (6) |
N7—Si2—N10 | 107.3 (5) | N5viii—Al11—N4 | 104.8 (6) |
N1ix—Si3—N11x | 110.2 (6) | N4vi—Al12—O17 | 113.7 (7) |
N1ix—Si3—N14v | 110.2 (5) | N4vi—Al12—N21 | 111.3 (7) |
N11x—Si3—N14v | 105.0 (6) | O17—Al12—N21 | 114.4 (6) |
N1ix—Si3—N2 | 106.4 (5) | N4vi—Al12—N8 | 106.8 (6) |
N11x—Si3—N2 | 112.0 (6) | O17—Al12—N8 | 98.1 (7) |
N14v—Si3—N2 | 113.1 (4) | N21—Al12—N8 | 111.7 (6) |
N14—Si4—O19i | 117.0 (5) | O18—Al13—N22 | 111.7 (5) |
N14—Si4—N1ix | 106.6 (5) | O18—Al13—N11 | 106.0 (6) |
O19i—Si4—N1ix | 108.0 (6) | N22—Al13—N11 | 117.3 (7) |
N14—Si4—N16 | 107.0 (5) | O18—Al13—N6viii | 97.8 (7) |
O19i—Si4—N16 | 102.8 (6) | N22—Al13—N6viii | 119.2 (7) |
N1ix—Si4—N16 | 115.9 (4) | N11—Al13—N6viii | 102.4 (5) |
N13—Si5—N2 | 113.3 (5) | N22—Al14—O19 | 116.1 (6) |
N13—Si5—N16 | 107.7 (5) | N22—Al14—N9 | 111.7 (7) |
N2—Si5—N16 | 107.7 (5) | O19—Al14—N9 | 101.0 (7) |
N13—Si5—N9 | 112.2 (6) | N22—Al14—N11x | 112.3 (7) |
N2—Si5—N9 | 110.4 (6) | O19—Al14—N11x | 108.0 (7) |
N16—Si5—N9 | 105.0 (5) | N9—Al14—N11x | 106.9 (6) |
N13xi—Si6—N12 | 106.4 (5) | N23—Al15—N5viii | 111.2 (7) |
N13xi—Si6—N8 | 114.0 (6) | N23—Al15—N9 | 117.9 (7) |
N12—Si6—N8 | 107.5 (6) | N5viii—Al15—N9 | 108.8 (7) |
N13xi—Si6—N3 | 109.9 (5) | N23—Al15—O20 | 120.7 (7) |
N12—Si6—N3 | 113.3 (5) | N5viii—Al15—O20 | 89.8 (7) |
N8—Si6—N3 | 106.0 (6) | N9—Al15—O20 | 104.8 (7) |
N6—Si7—N3 | 115.2 (6) | N9—Al16—N5viii | 109.9 (7) |
N6—Si7—N7 | 115.5 (6) | N9—Al16—N23 | 117.1 (6) |
N3—Si7—N7 | 101.2 (5) | N5viii—Al16—N23 | 102.3 (6) |
N6—Si7—N14 | 102.3 (5) | N9—Al16—O19 | 94.1 (6) |
N3—Si7—N14 | 109.1 (4) | N5viii—Al16—O19 | 109.7 (6) |
N7—Si7—N14 | 113.9 (5) | N23—Al16—O19 | 123.7 (6) |
O18iv—Si8—N3iv | 111.7 (6) | N8—Al17—N23xi | 117.6 (7) |
O18iv—Si8—N2 | 111.1 (5) | N8—Al17—N6viii | 113.5 (8) |
N3iv—Si8—N2 | 107.0 (5) | N23xi—Al17—N6viii | 112.7 (7) |
O18iv—Si8—N1 | 112.5 (6) | N8—Al17—O17 | 91.0 (7) |
N3iv—Si8—N1 | 111.3 (4) | N23xi—Al17—O17 | 112.1 (7) |
N2—Si8—N1 | 102.8 (5) | N6viii—Al17—O17 | 107.6 (7) |
O17i—Si9—N12 | 102.2 (5) | N6viii—Al18—N8 | 112.9 (8) |
O17i—Si9—N7 | 112.5 (6) | N6viii—Al18—N23xi | 110.7 (7) |
N12—Si9—N7 | 109.0 (5) | N8—Al18—N23xi | 110.1 (7) |
O17i—Si9—N15xii | 112.8 (6) | N6viii—Al18—O18 | 86.0 (6) |
N12—Si9—N15xii | 108.2 (5) | N8—Al18—O18 | 106.5 (7) |
N7—Si9—N15xii | 111.6 (4) | N23xi—Al18—O18 | 128.4 (7) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) x, y+1, z+1; (iii) −x+2, −y+2, z+1/2; (iv) x, y, z+1; (v) −x+1, −y+2, z+1/2; (vi) −x+2, −y+1, z−1/2; (vii) −x+2, −y+1, z+1/2; (viii) x, y−1, z; (ix) −x+1, −y+2, z−1/2; (x) −x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (xi) x, y, z−1; (xii) −x+2, −y+2, z−1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | Sr3Al3Si13N21O2 |
Mr | 2081.94 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P1121 |
Temperature (K) | 296 |
a, b, c (Å) | 14.7557 (5), 7.4627 (2), 9.0348 (3) |
β (°) | 90, 90, 90.000 (2) |
V (Å3) | 994.89 (5) |
Z | 1 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 9.05 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.08 × 0.08 × 0.01 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker APEXII CCD |
Absorption correction | Numerical (Meulenaer & Tompa, 1965) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.532, 0.915 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 11854, 4384, 3672 |
Rint | 0.036 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.650 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.045, 0.105, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 4384 |
No. of parameters | 162 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 1.33, −1.25 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 1942 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.00 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007), SAINT (Bruker, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ATOMS (Dowty, 2008), publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Sr1—N9 | 2.618 (13) | Sr2—N12iv | 2.868 (7) |
Sr1—N8 | 2.682 (13) | Sr2—N10 | 2.970 (8) |
Sr1—N22 | 2.690 (16) | Sr2—N15 | 3.052 (10) |
Sr1—N21 | 2.745 (14) | Sr3—O19i | 2.549 (12) |
Sr1—N7 | 2.773 (9) | Sr3—N22v | 2.718 (16) |
Sr1—N16 | 2.955 (10) | Sr3—N2 | 2.760 (7) |
Sr1—N3 | 3.032 (10) | Sr3—N11ii | 2.783 (13) |
Sr2—N23i | 2.557 (11) | Sr3—N23i | 2.851 (11) |
Sr2—O17ii | 2.573 (13) | Sr3—N6iv | 2.994 (13) |
Sr2—N21iii | 2.702 (14) | Sr3—N1 | 3.096 (10) |
Sr2—N4i | 2.764 (14) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z; (ii) x, y+1, z+1; (iii) −x+2, −y+2, z+1/2; (iv) x, y, z+1; (v) −x+1, −y+2, z+1/2. |
The connectivity diagram of the asymmetric unit of structure is shown in Fig. 1. The Si and Al atoms are in tetrahedral coordination with N and O atoms, forming 'dreier' and 'sechser' ring layers, as shown in Fig. 2. These names follow the paper of Oeckler et al. (2009) on the Sr5Al5+xSi21-xN35-xO2+x:Eu2+ (x~0) structure. The Si(Al) tetrahedra are corner-shared in the dreier ring layer whereas an edge of each tetrahedron is shared with the other in the sechser ring layer. The alternating stacking of the dreier and sechser ring layers perpendicular to the b axis provides two channels with different sizes, running straight along the a axis. The crystals were usually grown in platelets developing {010} crystal faces, suggesting a slower growth rate along the stacking direction of the dreier and sechser ring layers.
The Si(Al)1-10 sites and N(O)1-16 sites in the dreier ring layer are almost exclusively occupied by Si and N, respectively, within the experimental error. The mean bond distance of the Si tetrahedra in the dreier ring layer is 1.76 (2) Å which is close to 1.72 Å as expected from the sum of ionic radii of Si4+ adn N3- (Shannon, 1976). The N(O)17-20 sites are located at the boundary of the dreier and sechser ring layers and occupied equally by N and O atoms. The Si(Al)11-14 sites in the sechser ring layers contain Si and Al atoms. The Si(Al)15 -16 and Si(Al)17 -18 split pair sites in the sechser ring layers are half filled with Si or Al. The N(O)21-23 sites are located in the sechser ring layer and occupied by N almost exclusively within the experimental error. All the Si(Al) tetrahedra in sechser ring layer have at least one long bond of circa 1.80 Å, suggesting a statistical presence of Al—N bonds of ca. 1.85 Å (Shannon, 1976). This geometrical feature supports the result of population analysis for the structure containing two different atoms with similar scattering powers for X-rays at the same site.
The geometry around the Si(Al)15-16 and Si(Al)17-18 split pairs in the sechser ring layer is shown in Fig. 3. The configuration varies depending upon the real location of Si(Al) atom at either site of the split pair. The N23 site bridges two Si(Al) atoms in tetrahedral coordination.
The Sr atoms reside in the larger channel coordinating to 7 N(O) atoms at distances less than 3.1 Å. The Eu atoms displace 4-6% Sr atoms at Sr(Eu)2-3 sites, whereas none at Sr(Eu)1 within the experimental error. Since Sr(Eu)2-3 sites enriches O around themselves, a possible coupling of the Eu and O distributions in the structure can be pointed out.
Oeckler et al. (2009) reported that the composition of their Sr-bearing sialon Sr5Al5+xSi21-xN35-xO2+x:Eu2+ (x~0) can be expressed as '5551' , i.e., 5SrSiN2+5AlN+5Si3N4+1SiO2, when x=0. In this context, the composition of the present crystal, Sr3(Al3+xSi13-x) (N21-xO2+x) :Eu2+ (x~0), corresponds to '6662'(='3331'), i. e., 6SrSiN2+6Si3N4+6AlN+2SiO2. The Eu analogue, Eu3(Al3+xSi13-x) (N21-xO2+x) (x=1/3) (Michiue et al., 2009), is also close to 3331 where SrSiN2 should read EuSiN2.
The 5551 Sr-sialon has a commensurately modulated structure approximated by the orthorhombic Pmn21 symmetry (Oeckler et al., 2009). The unit cells of 5551 and 3331 Sr-sialons have similar b and c dimensions (~ 7.47 and ~9.04 Å, respectively), while they differ in a (~ 23.614 and ~14.756 Å, respectively). The two structures are considered as 8 and 5 times superstructure regarding the underlying parent structure with ao =2.954 Å (Oeckler et al. 2009), respectively. Actually, the ratio in a-length is 23.614/14.756 ~1.600 (=8/5), and the ratio in cell volume is 1602/995 ~1.610 (~ 8/5). If we apply this 8/5 rule to the composition, the 3331 compound can be expressed as Sr4.8(Al,Si)25.6(N,O)36.8 with respect to Sr5(Al,Si)26(N,O)37 of 5551. The ca. 4 at% relative deficiency of Sr in 3331 expressed as such is conspicuous compared with those of the other constituent atoms, providing an insight into a possible modulation mechanism in these structures.
The relative Sr-deficiency is a measure of Sr concentration per unit volume. Since the b and c lengths are approximately the same in 3331 and 5551, the Sr concentration per volume is reduced to that per length along the channel in which the Sr atoms reside. The mean Sr—Sr distances in 3331 and 5551 are 4.919 Å (=a3331/3=5ao/3) and 4.723 Å (=a5551/5=8ao/5) along the channel, respectively. The superimposed figure, as shown in Fig. 4, indicates that the Sr atoms faintly slip out of position as they depart further from a reference point on one of the two-fold screw axes. In another point of view, compounds 3331 and 5551 have 24 and 25 Sr atoms, respectively, in a single channel spanning 40ao. This one Sr-atom difference in number for every ~118 Å span along the Sr channel is an essential point that characterizes the structural difference between 3331 and 5551.
The 3331 and 5551 Sr-sialons have a structural similarity in the skeleton surrounding the Sr channels. The ADP ellipsoids of Sr in 3331 and 5551 compounds show a very large component along a, with the ratio of the largest/ smallest principal ADP components being close to 10, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4. This extraordinary large anisotropy may suggest a possible occurrence of displacive modulation of the slippery Sr atoms along the channel. In the 5551 compound, this modulation has been evidenced in the diffuse scattering of commensurately modulated satellites along a (Oeckler et al., 2009). On the other hand, many small crystal fragments picked up from the 3331 batch in the present study did not show any such diffuse nature. This could partly owe to the higher firing temperature of 2173 K to which the present 3331 batch was subjected.
The present analysis on the 3331 Sr-sialon was carried out independently and in a different approach against the study on the 3331 Eu-sialon by Michiue et al., (2009). Although these 3331 sialons were finally found to have similar structures, a complicated microstructure like twins in crystals of Sr-sialon should be noted, as given in Refinement. This may suggest a presence of microstress in channels, which can be introduced by the replacement of Eu with Sr having a slightly larger ionic radius.