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The major effect of a freeze/thaw treatment on aqueous gels, sludges or slurries is a decrease in crystallite size either by compressive or shear stresses, built up as a consequence of the increase in volume during the water to ice phase transformation. This change in crystallite size together with the freezing potential developed, leads to a reduction or neutralization in the positive particle charges, which results in accelerated precipitation on thawing.
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