X-ray standing wave as a result of only the imaginary part of the atomic scattering factor

The X-ray standing wave has been studied when the real part of the scattering factor is zero. In the symmetric Laue case, the phase of the standing wave advances by π when the deviation parameter W changes from −1 to 1, which is the same variation as in the usual symmetric Bragg case when only the real part of the scattering factor exists. However, the phase in the former case is different from that in the latter by . By using the standing waves, the origins of the anomalous transmission and anomalous absorption effects reported by Fukamachi & Kawamura [Acta Cryst. (1993), A49, 384–­388] have been analysed. The standing wave in the Laue case can give rise to a more accurate method of site determination of a specified impurity atom as well as a wider range of applications than a conventional standing-wave approach.