





Supporting information
![]() | Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813010921/pj2002sup1.cif |
![]() | Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813010921/pj2002Isup2.hkl |
![]() | Chemical Markup Language (CML) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813010921/pj2002Isup3.cml |
Key indicators
- Single-crystal X-ray study
- T = 297 K
- Mean
(As-S) = 0.001 Å
- R factor = 0.028
- wR factor = 0.057
- Data-to-parameter ratio = 22.1
checkCIF/PLATON results
No syntax errors found
Alert level C PLAT906_ALERT_3_C Large K value in the Analysis of Variance ...... 3.471 PLAT911_ALERT_3_C Missing # FCF Refl Between THmin & STh/L= 0.600 9 PLAT975_ALERT_2_C Positive Residual Density at 0.86A from O7 . 0.60 eA-3
Alert level G FORMU01_ALERT_1_G There is a discrepancy between the atom counts in the _chemical_formula_sum and _chemical_formula_moiety. This is usually due to the moiety formula being in the wrong format. Atom count from _chemical_formula_sum: H16 As1 Li3 O8 S4 Atom count from _chemical_formula_moiety:H2 As1 Li3 O1 S4.8 PLAT005_ALERT_5_G No _iucr_refine_instructions_details in the CIF ? PLAT007_ALERT_5_G Note: Number of Unrefined D-H Atoms ............ 16 PLAT042_ALERT_1_G Calc. and Reported MoietyFormula Strings Differ ? PLAT912_ALERT_4_G Missing # of FCF Reflections Above STh/L= 0.600 5
0 ALERT level A = Most likely a serious problem - resolve or explain 0 ALERT level B = A potentially serious problem, consider carefully 3 ALERT level C = Check. Ensure it is not caused by an omission or oversight 5 ALERT level G = General information/check it is not something unexpected 2 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 1 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 2 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 1 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 2 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check
The title compound was prepared by mixing dilute aqueous solutions of Ba3(AsS4)2.7H2O (Mereiter & Preisinger, 1992) and Li2SO4.H2O in stoichiometric amounts. After removing BaSO4 by filtration, the solution was preconcentrated in a rotavapor under reduced pressure and then filtered. Crystallization by room temperature evaporation in an exsiccator over conc. H2SO4 as desiccant gave the desired Li3AsS4.8H2O in the form of colourless prisms. For structure analysis, a fragment was rounded to an oval by turning it on wet filter paper. Another preparation method for Li3AsS4.8H2O was reported by Rémy & Bachet (1968).
All water molecules were idealized to have O—H = 0.80 Å and H—O—H = 105.0° and were then refined as rigid groups using AFIX 6 of SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008). A common Uiso for the two H-atoms of each water molecule was used and refined.
The title compound, Li3AsS4.8H2O, belongs to a group of alkali chalcogenosalt hydrates with tetrahedral XY4 anions, X = P(V), As(V), Sb(V), Ge(IV), Sn(IV) and Y = S2-, Se2-, Te2-, of which Schlippe's salt, Na3SbS4.9H2O (Schlippe, 1821; Mereiter et al., 1979) can be considered as the prototype. Other representatives with known crystal structures are Na3PS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1983), Na3AsS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1982), Na3AsSe4.9H2O (Krebs et al., 1990), Na4SnS4.14H2O (Schiwy et al., 1973), Na4GeSe4.14H2O (Krebs & Jacobsen, 1976), Na4SnSe4.16H2O (Krebs & Huerter, 1980), K4GeSe4.4H2O (Melullis & Dehnen, 2007), Rb4SnTe4.2H2O (Ruzin et al., 2006), K4SnS4.4H2O (Ruzin et al., 2008), to mention only some examples.
In context with previous work (Mereiter & Preisinger, 1992) the title compound Li3AsS4.8H2O was prepared and its crystal structure was determined. An early report on the synthesis and crystal data of this compound was given by Rémy & Bachet (1968).
Li3AsS4.8H2O crystallizes in the infrequent centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P2/c (No. 13). The crystal structure contains four independent Li atoms, two independent AsS4 tetrahedra and eight independent water molecules in the asymmetric unit. Li1 lies on a centre of inversion while Li3, As1, and As2 are located on twofold axes. All other constituents comprising Li2 and Li4, four S, and eight H2O are in general position. A view of a characteristic part of the crystal structure containing all constituents is shown in Fig. 1. All lithium atoms are exclusively coordinated by the oxygen atoms of the water molecules but not by any sulfur atom. Li1 and Li2 form Li(H2O)6 octahedra while Li3 and Li4 form Li(H2O)4 tetrahedra. The Li1(H2O)6 octahedron shares edges with two adjacent Li2(H2O)6 octahedra, and they in turn share faces with two Li4(H2O)4 tetrahedra. This gives rise to characteristic polyhedral pentamers Li5(H2O)16 which are linked by the Li3(H2O)4 tetrahedra via vertex sharing with four adjacent Li(H2O)6 octahedra to form infinite branched chains of the composition Li6(H2O)16 or Li3(H2O)8 (Figs. 2 and 3). The chains extend along [001] and have the Li5(H2O)16 fragments oriented in a criss-cross fashion (Figs. 3 and 4). Embedded between the chains are the tetrahedral AsS43- anions, which are are anchored exclusively by O—H···S type hydrogen bonds donated by the water molecules. The sulfur atoms receive either three (S2, S4) or five (S1, S3) hydrogen bonds so that each AsS43- anion receives 16 hydrogen bonds of which 8 are symmetry redundant. The eight different water molecules of the structure have mainly distorted tetrahedral coordination environments by two Li cations and two S atoms as hydrogen bond acceptors. Only the water molecule H2O8 differs from this behaviour by being bonded to only one Li and two S atoms within a distorted trigonal pyramidal coordination.
The Li—O bonds range from 2.026 (5) to 2.319 (5) Å for the LiO6 octahedra and from 1.876 (5) to 2.054 (6) Å for the LiO4 tetrahedra (Table 1). The mean Li—O bond lengths are 2.202 (65), 2.195 (105), 2.000 (10) and 1.969 (74) Å for Li1 through Li4. The coordination figures of Li1 and Li3 are relatively regular (O—Li—O bond angles for Li1O6 81.84 (6)–98.16 (6)° and 180°, for Li3O4 101.7 (2)–114.3 (3)°) while those of Li2 and Li4 are notably distorted due to the face-sharing link between them (O—Li—O bond angles for Li2O6 72.7 (2)–100.6 (2)° and 167.3 (2)–174.8 (3)°, for Li4O4 84.6 (2)–129.8 (2)°; Li2···Li4 = 2.698 (7) Å). The two independent AsS43- anions have As—S bond distances from 2.1482 (6) to 2.1677 (6) Å, <As—S> = 2.161 (10) Å. The two shorter As—S bonds in each tetrahedron are to sulfur atoms receiving three hydrogen bonds (S2, S4) while the longer As—S bonds are to sulfur atoms receiving five hydrogen bonds (S1, S3). The As—S bond lengths and the S—As—S bond angles (106.72 (3)–111.42 (2) and 106.15 (2)–112.69 (2)° for As1 and As2, respectively) show that the two tetrahedra are relatively regular. They agree in their dimensions with related thioarsenates (Mereiter et al., 1982; Mereiter & Preisinger, 1992). The eight independent water molecules of the structure donate 16 relatively straight O—H···S hydrogen bonds to all S atoms of the AsS4 tetrahedra, O···S = 3.167 (2) – 3.531 (2) Å, <O···S> = 3.295 (92) Å and O—H···S = 153–177° (Table 2; Figs. 2 and 3). These dimensions fit well into the pattern of O—H···S hydrogen bonds in sulfosalt hydrates reported by Mikenda et al. (1989).
The structure of title compound Li3AsS4.8H2O adds a new facet to the very diverse structural chemistry of the chalcogenosalt hydrates with tetrahedral XY4 anions defined above. The two isochemical relatives of the title compound, Na3PS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1983) and Na3AsS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1982), represent an isostructural pair built up from NaS2(H2O)4, NaS(H2O)5 and Na(H2O)6 octahedra which form together with the PS4/AsS4 tetrahedra undulating layers. The PS4/AsS4 tetrahedron is linked with three S atoms to the Na cations. The water molecules are mostly bonded to two Na and donate pairs of O—H···S hydrogen bonds. One water molecule is bonded to only one Na and accepts in compensation an O—H···O hydrogen bond. Schlippe's salt, Na3SbS4.9H2O (Mereiter et al., 1979) and the isostructural selenoarsenate (Krebs et al., 1990) contain per formula unit one water more than the title compound. They are built up from tripledeckers of facesharing octahedra - namely a Na(H2O)6 octahedron which shares two opposite faces with a Na(H2O)6 and a NaS3(H2O)3 octahedron. The tetrahedral SbS4 anion is bonded with three S atoms to three tripledeckers and links them into a complicated framework of cubic symmetry. Here again only one S atom is not cation-bonded and the structure contains independent five O—H···S and one O—H···O bonds. The compounds Na4SnS4.14H2O (Schiwy et al., 1973), Na4GeSe4.14H2O (Krebs & Jacobsen, 1976), and Na4SnSe4.16H2O (Krebs & Huerter, 1980) can be seen as variants of the Na-water triple deckers in Schlippe's salt and only in Na4SnSe4.16H2O these triple deckers form Na—H2O polymers without any Na-chalcogen bonds. Alkali sulfosalts with cations larger than Na – e.g. K4GeSe4.4H2O (Melullis & Dehnen, 2007), Rb4SnTe4.2H2O (Ruzin et al., 2006), or K4SnS4.4H2O (Ruzin et al., 2008) – contain less water per cation and adopt alkali-water structures with higher coordination numbers than 6 for the cation sites and they involve therefore increasingly alkali-chalcogen bonds. Although not a sulfo-salt, Na2S.9H2O may be mentioned here for comparison with Li3AsS4.8H2O because it is built up from octahedral chains Na(H2O)5 (corner-sharing spiral chains) and Na(H2O)4 (edge-sharing spiral chains) held together by isolated sulfide ions via many O—H···S bonds and by some O—H···O bonds (Preisinger et al., 1982).
For crystal structures of related chalcogenosalt hydrates based on isolated tetrahedral XY4 anions, see: Mereiter et al. (1979, 1982, 1983); Krebs et al. (1990); Krebs & Jacobsen (1976); Krebs & Huerter (1980); Schiwy et al. (1973); Melullis & Dehnen (2007), Ruzin et al. (2006, 2008). For the prototype compound Schlippe's Salt, Na3SbS4.9H2O, see: Schlippe (1821). For the synthesis of the title compound and early crystallographic data, see: Rémy & Bachet (1968). For the synthesis and crystal structure of Ba3(AsS4)2.7H2O as a precursor of the title compound, see: Mereiter & Preisinger (1992). For the crystal structure of Na2S.9H2O, see: Preisinger et al. (1982). For a review on O—H···S hydrogen bonds in salt hydrates, see: Mikenda et al. (1989).
Data collection: Philips PW1100 software (Hornstra & Vossers, 1973); cell refinement: LLSQ (Mereiter, 1992); data reduction: PWD (Mereiter, 1992); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Li3AsS4·8H2O | F(000) = 744 |
Mr = 368.11 | Dx = 1.778 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2yc | Cell parameters from 34 reflections |
a = 10.036 (2) Å | θ = 9.1–26.2° |
b = 10.064 (2) Å | µ = 3.09 mm−1 |
c = 14.264 (3) Å | T = 297 K |
β = 107.30 (1)° | Oval, colourless |
V = 1375.5 (5) Å3 | 0.30 × 0.27 × 0.25 mm |
Z = 4 |
Philips PW1100 four-circle diffractometer | 2913 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.026 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 2.0° |
ω–2θ scans | h = −14→13 |
Absorption correction: for a sphere µR = 0.45 | k = −14→14 |
Tmin = 0.51, Tmax = 0.54 | l = 0→20 |
5729 measured reflections | 3 standard reflections every 60 min |
4001 independent reflections | intensity decay: 2.0% |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.057 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0179P)2 + 0.5909P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.05 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4001 reflections | Δρmax = 0.61 e Å−3 |
181 parameters | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0.0081 (3) |
Li3AsS4·8H2O | V = 1375.5 (5) Å3 |
Mr = 368.11 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 10.036 (2) Å | µ = 3.09 mm−1 |
b = 10.064 (2) Å | T = 297 K |
c = 14.264 (3) Å | 0.30 × 0.27 × 0.25 mm |
β = 107.30 (1)° |
Philips PW1100 four-circle diffractometer | 2913 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Absorption correction: for a sphere µR = 0.45 | Rint = 0.026 |
Tmin = 0.51, Tmax = 0.54 | 3 standard reflections every 60 min |
5729 measured reflections | intensity decay: 2.0% |
4001 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.057 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.61 e Å−3 |
4001 reflections | Δρmin = −0.36 e Å−3 |
181 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Li1 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.0393 (13) | |
Li2 | 0.2821 (4) | 0.7213 (4) | 0.5102 (4) | 0.0443 (10) | |
Li3 | 0.5000 | 0.5984 (5) | 0.7500 | 0.0311 (11) | |
Li4 | 0.0724 (5) | 0.8832 (5) | 0.4126 (5) | 0.0610 (14) | |
As1 | 0.0000 | 0.40273 (3) | 0.2500 | 0.01865 (8) | |
As2 | 0.5000 | 0.91402 (2) | 0.2500 | 0.01887 (8) | |
S1 | −0.12581 (5) | 0.53147 (5) | 0.31185 (4) | 0.02508 (11) | |
S2 | 0.13565 (5) | 0.27910 (5) | 0.36066 (4) | 0.02849 (12) | |
S3 | 0.37068 (5) | 1.03848 (5) | 0.31147 (4) | 0.02615 (12) | |
S4 | 0.64151 (6) | 0.79087 (5) | 0.35891 (4) | 0.02873 (12) | |
O1 | 0.55849 (15) | 0.47247 (15) | 0.66032 (12) | 0.0297 (3) | |
H1A | 0.6400 | 0.4629 | 0.6874 | 0.054 (6)* | |
H1B | 0.5239 | 0.4023 | 0.6655 | 0.054 (6)* | |
O2 | 0.28906 (17) | 0.51048 (16) | 0.50233 (12) | 0.0330 (3) | |
H2A | 0.2693 | 0.4923 | 0.5512 | 0.068 (8)* | |
H2B | 0.2494 | 0.4564 | 0.4627 | 0.068 (8)* | |
O3 | 0.48739 (17) | 0.72351 (17) | 0.51911 (12) | 0.0359 (4) | |
H3A | 0.5233 | 0.7696 | 0.5654 | 0.077 (8)* | |
H3B | 0.5211 | 0.7466 | 0.4775 | 0.077 (8)* | |
O4 | 0.33730 (16) | 0.70514 (14) | 0.67279 (12) | 0.0303 (3) | |
H4A | 0.2703 | 0.6689 | 0.6804 | 0.051 (6)* | |
H4B | 0.3423 | 0.7745 | 0.7010 | 0.051 (6)* | |
O5 | 0.05507 (17) | 0.72354 (16) | 0.48637 (12) | 0.0344 (4) | |
H5A | 0.0167 | 0.6700 | 0.4459 | 0.059 (7)* | |
H5B | 0.0110 | 0.7247 | 0.5248 | 0.059 (7)* | |
O6 | 0.2558 (2) | 0.9454 (2) | 0.49965 (14) | 0.0486 (5) | |
H6A | 0.2939 | 0.9720 | 0.4614 | 0.107 (11)* | |
H6B | 0.2680 | 1.0022 | 0.5406 | 0.107 (11)* | |
O7 | 0.1906 (2) | 0.7739 (2) | 0.34519 (16) | 0.0535 (5) | |
H7A | 0.1517 | 0.7256 | 0.3009 | 0.112 (12)* | |
H7B | 0.2329 | 0.8251 | 0.3220 | 0.112 (12)* | |
O8 | −0.05671 (19) | 1.0198 (2) | 0.36351 (18) | 0.0573 (6) | |
H8A | −0.0190 | 1.0806 | 0.3455 | 0.102 (11)* | |
H8B | −0.1288 | 1.0100 | 0.3210 | 0.102 (11)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Li1 | 0.035 (3) | 0.041 (3) | 0.041 (3) | 0.003 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.012 (3) |
Li2 | 0.035 (2) | 0.038 (2) | 0.059 (3) | 0.0012 (18) | 0.013 (2) | 0.001 (2) |
Li3 | 0.029 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.000 | 0.006 (2) | 0.000 |
Li4 | 0.049 (3) | 0.046 (2) | 0.086 (4) | 0.005 (2) | 0.017 (3) | 0.018 (3) |
As1 | 0.01756 (13) | 0.01845 (13) | 0.01937 (15) | 0.000 | 0.00463 (11) | 0.000 |
As2 | 0.02138 (14) | 0.01735 (13) | 0.01920 (15) | 0.000 | 0.00807 (11) | 0.000 |
S1 | 0.0240 (2) | 0.0256 (2) | 0.0277 (3) | 0.00128 (18) | 0.0108 (2) | −0.0028 (2) |
S2 | 0.0273 (3) | 0.0254 (2) | 0.0287 (3) | 0.0044 (2) | 0.0022 (2) | 0.0044 (2) |
S3 | 0.0294 (3) | 0.0243 (2) | 0.0287 (3) | 0.00180 (19) | 0.0148 (2) | −0.0032 (2) |
S4 | 0.0294 (3) | 0.0266 (2) | 0.0286 (3) | 0.0047 (2) | 0.0063 (2) | 0.0071 (2) |
O1 | 0.0293 (8) | 0.0294 (7) | 0.0276 (8) | 0.0006 (6) | 0.0042 (6) | 0.0006 (6) |
O2 | 0.0358 (8) | 0.0319 (8) | 0.0293 (8) | −0.0075 (7) | 0.0066 (7) | −0.0028 (7) |
O3 | 0.0358 (9) | 0.0438 (9) | 0.0290 (9) | −0.0110 (7) | 0.0110 (7) | −0.0023 (8) |
O4 | 0.0314 (8) | 0.0250 (7) | 0.0365 (9) | −0.0023 (6) | 0.0130 (7) | −0.0017 (6) |
O5 | 0.0385 (9) | 0.0360 (8) | 0.0311 (9) | −0.0074 (7) | 0.0140 (7) | −0.0056 (7) |
O6 | 0.0590 (12) | 0.0413 (9) | 0.0406 (11) | −0.0078 (9) | 0.0076 (10) | −0.0058 (9) |
O7 | 0.0693 (14) | 0.0463 (11) | 0.0568 (13) | −0.0217 (10) | 0.0367 (11) | −0.0157 (10) |
O8 | 0.0377 (10) | 0.0424 (11) | 0.0836 (16) | 0.0008 (9) | 0.0052 (10) | 0.0137 (11) |
Li1—O2 | 2.130 (2) | As1—S1iii | 2.1711 (6) |
Li1—O2i | 2.130 (2) | As1—S1 | 2.1711 (6) |
Li1—O1 | 2.203 (2) | As2—S4iv | 2.1574 (6) |
Li1—O1i | 2.203 (2) | As2—S4 | 2.1574 (6) |
Li1—O3 | 2.274 (2) | As2—S3 | 2.1677 (6) |
Li1—O3i | 2.274 (2) | As2—S3iv | 2.1677 (6) |
Li2—O3 | 2.026 (4) | O1—H1A | 0.80 |
Li2—O2 | 2.127 (5) | O1—H1B | 0.80 |
Li2—O5 | 2.202 (4) | O2—H2A | 0.80 |
Li2—O4 | 2.225 (5) | O2—H2B | 0.80 |
Li2—O6 | 2.271 (5) | O3—H3A | 0.80 |
Li2—O7 | 2.319 (5) | O3—H3B | 0.80 |
Li3—O4ii | 1.991 (3) | O4—H4A | 0.80 |
Li3—O4 | 1.991 (3) | O4—H4B | 0.80 |
Li3—O1 | 2.009 (4) | O5—H5A | 0.80 |
Li3—O1ii | 2.009 (4) | O5—H5B | 0.80 |
Li4—O8 | 1.876 (5) | O6—H6A | 0.80 |
Li4—O5 | 1.957 (5) | O6—H6B | 0.80 |
Li4—O6 | 1.990 (6) | O7—H7A | 0.80 |
Li4—O7 | 2.054 (6) | O7—H7B | 0.80 |
As1—S2iii | 2.1482 (6) | O8—H8A | 0.80 |
As1—S2 | 2.1482 (6) | O8—H8B | 0.80 |
O2—Li1—O2i | 180.0 | S4—As2—S3 | 112.69 (2) |
O2—Li1—O1i | 92.91 (6) | S4iv—As2—S3iv | 112.69 (2) |
O2i—Li1—O1i | 87.09 (6) | S4—As2—S3iv | 106.15 (2) |
O2—Li1—O1 | 87.09 (6) | S3—As2—S3iv | 109.40 (3) |
O2i—Li1—O1 | 92.91 (6) | Li3—O1—Li1 | 122.93 (10) |
O1i—Li1—O1 | 180.0 | Li3—O1—H1A | 102.7 |
O2—Li1—O3i | 98.16 (6) | Li1—O1—H1A | 115.8 |
O2i—Li1—O3i | 81.84 (6) | Li3—O1—H1B | 106.3 |
O1i—Li1—O3i | 90.41 (6) | Li1—O1—H1B | 102.6 |
O1—Li1—O3i | 89.59 (6) | H1A—O1—H1B | 105.0 |
O2—Li1—O3 | 81.84 (6) | Li2—O2—Li1 | 95.65 (13) |
O2i—Li1—O3 | 98.16 (6) | Li2—O2—H2A | 99.3 |
O1i—Li1—O3 | 89.59 (6) | Li1—O2—H2A | 120.5 |
O1—Li1—O3 | 90.41 (6) | Li2—O2—H2B | 134.3 |
O3i—Li1—O3 | 180.0 | Li1—O2—H2B | 104.1 |
O3—Li2—O2 | 88.03 (18) | H2A—O2—H2B | 105.0 |
O3—Li2—O5 | 174.8 (3) | Li2—O3—Li1 | 94.22 (14) |
O2—Li2—O5 | 92.89 (17) | Li2—O3—H3A | 105.0 |
O3—Li2—O4 | 90.12 (18) | Li1—O3—H3A | 130.2 |
O2—Li2—O4 | 88.84 (18) | Li2—O3—H3B | 127.1 |
O5—Li2—O4 | 94.98 (19) | Li1—O3—H3B | 98.5 |
O3—Li2—O6 | 95.14 (18) | H3A—O3—H3B | 105.0 |
O2—Li2—O6 | 172.9 (3) | Li3—O4—Li2 | 121.68 (14) |
O5—Li2—O6 | 83.40 (16) | Li3—O4—H4A | 105.3 |
O4—Li2—O6 | 97.45 (19) | Li2—O4—H4A | 102.5 |
O3—Li2—O7 | 98.6 (2) | Li3—O4—H4B | 105.9 |
O2—Li2—O7 | 100.6 (2) | Li2—O4—H4B | 114.8 |
O5—Li2—O7 | 76.20 (15) | H4A—O4—H4B | 105.0 |
O4—Li2—O7 | 167.3 (2) | Li4—O5—Li2 | 80.7 (2) |
O6—Li2—O7 | 72.74 (15) | Li4—O5—H5A | 105.4 |
O4ii—Li3—O4 | 114.7 (3) | Li2—O5—H5A | 111.0 |
O4ii—Li3—O1 | 110.23 (7) | Li4—O5—H5B | 120.8 |
O4—Li3—O1 | 109.58 (7) | Li2—O5—H5B | 130.7 |
O4ii—Li3—O1ii | 109.58 (7) | H5A—O5—H5B | 105.0 |
O4—Li3—O1ii | 110.23 (7) | Li4—O6—Li2 | 78.26 (19) |
O1—Li3—O1ii | 101.7 (2) | Li4—O6—H6A | 102.8 |
O8—Li4—O5 | 129.8 (3) | Li2—O6—H6A | 107.9 |
O8—Li4—O6 | 114.2 (3) | Li4—O6—H6B | 126.3 |
O5—Li4—O6 | 97.9 (3) | Li2—O6—H6B | 132.2 |
O8—Li4—O7 | 130.4 (3) | H6A—O6—H6B | 105.0 |
O5—Li4—O7 | 88.2 (2) | Li4—O7—Li2 | 75.9 (2) |
O6—Li4—O7 | 84.6 (2) | Li4—O7—H7A | 118.8 |
S2iii—As1—S2 | 109.21 (3) | Li2—O7—H7A | 128.0 |
S2iii—As1—S1iii | 111.42 (2) | Li4—O7—H7B | 107.4 |
S2—As1—S1iii | 109.04 (2) | Li2—O7—H7B | 117.9 |
S2iii—As1—S1 | 109.04 (2) | H7A—O7—H7B | 105.0 |
S2—As1—S1 | 111.42 (2) | Li4—O8—H8A | 109.9 |
S1iii—As1—S1 | 106.72 (3) | Li4—O8—H8B | 124.1 |
S4iv—As2—S4 | 109.87 (4) | H8A—O8—H8B | 105.0 |
S4iv—As2—S3 | 106.15 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y, −z+3/2; (iii) −x, y, −z+1/2; (iv) −x+1, y, −z+1/2. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1A···S1v | 0.80 | 2.49 | 3.262 (2) | 163 |
O1—H1B···S4i | 0.80 | 2.51 | 3.287 (2) | 163 |
O2—H2A···S1vi | 0.80 | 2.76 | 3.531 (2) | 162 |
O2—H2B···S2 | 0.80 | 2.37 | 3.167 (2) | 173 |
O3—H3A···S3vii | 0.80 | 2.61 | 3.400 (2) | 168 |
O3—H3B···S4 | 0.80 | 2.39 | 3.190 (2) | 173 |
O4—H4A···S1vi | 0.80 | 2.51 | 3.240 (2) | 153 |
O4—H4B···S3viii | 0.80 | 2.42 | 3.207 (2) | 170 |
O5—H5A···S1 | 0.80 | 2.45 | 3.247 (2) | 172 |
O5—H5B···S2vi | 0.80 | 2.50 | 3.303 (2) | 177 |
O6—H6A···S3 | 0.80 | 2.57 | 3.354 (2) | 168 |
O6—H6B···S4vii | 0.80 | 2.54 | 3.307 (2) | 162 |
O7—H7A···S1iii | 0.80 | 2.49 | 3.244 (2) | 157 |
O7—H7B···S3 | 0.80 | 2.58 | 3.333 (2) | 157 |
O8—H8A···S2ix | 0.80 | 2.50 | 3.253 (2) | 157 |
O8—H8B···S3iii | 0.80 | 2.61 | 3.394 (2) | 166 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x, y, −z+1/2; (v) x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (vi) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (vii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (viii) x, −y+2, z+1/2; (ix) x, y+1, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | Li3AsS4·8H2O |
Mr | 368.11 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P2/c |
Temperature (K) | 297 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.036 (2), 10.064 (2), 14.264 (3) |
β (°) | 107.30 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1375.5 (5) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.09 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.30 × 0.27 × 0.25 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Philips PW1100 four-circle |
Absorption correction | For a sphere µR = 0.45 |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.51, 0.54 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 5729, 4001, 2913 |
Rint | 0.026 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.704 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.028, 0.057, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 4001 |
No. of parameters | 181 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.61, −0.36 |
Computer programs: Philips PW1100 software (Hornstra & Vossers, 1973), LLSQ (Mereiter, 1992), PWD (Mereiter, 1992), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2012), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).
Li1—O2 | 2.130 (2) | Li3—O1 | 2.009 (4) |
Li1—O1 | 2.203 (2) | Li4—O8 | 1.876 (5) |
Li1—O3 | 2.274 (2) | Li4—O5 | 1.957 (5) |
Li2—O3 | 2.026 (4) | Li4—O6 | 1.990 (6) |
Li2—O2 | 2.127 (5) | Li4—O7 | 2.054 (6) |
Li2—O5 | 2.202 (4) | As1—S2 | 2.1482 (6) |
Li2—O4 | 2.225 (5) | As1—S1 | 2.1711 (6) |
Li2—O6 | 2.271 (5) | As2—S4 | 2.1574 (6) |
Li2—O7 | 2.319 (5) | As2—S3 | 2.1677 (6) |
Li3—O4 | 1.991 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1A···S1i | 0.80 | 2.49 | 3.262 (2) | 162.7 |
O1—H1B···S4ii | 0.80 | 2.51 | 3.287 (2) | 163.2 |
O2—H2A···S1iii | 0.80 | 2.76 | 3.531 (2) | 162.3 |
O2—H2B···S2 | 0.80 | 2.37 | 3.167 (2) | 173.4 |
O3—H3A···S3iv | 0.80 | 2.61 | 3.400 (2) | 167.5 |
O3—H3B···S4 | 0.80 | 2.39 | 3.190 (2) | 172.5 |
O4—H4A···S1iii | 0.80 | 2.51 | 3.240 (2) | 153.3 |
O4—H4B···S3v | 0.80 | 2.42 | 3.207 (2) | 170.2 |
O5—H5A···S1 | 0.80 | 2.45 | 3.247 (2) | 171.6 |
O5—H5B···S2iii | 0.80 | 2.50 | 3.303 (2) | 177.2 |
O6—H6A···S3 | 0.80 | 2.57 | 3.354 (2) | 168.0 |
O6—H6B···S4iv | 0.80 | 2.54 | 3.307 (2) | 161.7 |
O7—H7A···S1vi | 0.80 | 2.49 | 3.244 (2) | 156.5 |
O7—H7B···S3 | 0.80 | 2.58 | 3.333 (2) | 156.9 |
O8—H8A···S2vii | 0.80 | 2.50 | 3.253 (2) | 157.4 |
O8—H8B···S3vi | 0.80 | 2.61 | 3.394 (2) | 166.3 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, −y+1, z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (iv) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (v) x, −y+2, z+1/2; (vi) −x, y, −z+1/2; (vii) x, y+1, z. |
The title compound, Li3AsS4.8H2O, belongs to a group of alkali chalcogenosalt hydrates with tetrahedral XY4 anions, X = P(V), As(V), Sb(V), Ge(IV), Sn(IV) and Y = S2-, Se2-, Te2-, of which Schlippe's salt, Na3SbS4.9H2O (Schlippe, 1821; Mereiter et al., 1979) can be considered as the prototype. Other representatives with known crystal structures are Na3PS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1983), Na3AsS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1982), Na3AsSe4.9H2O (Krebs et al., 1990), Na4SnS4.14H2O (Schiwy et al., 1973), Na4GeSe4.14H2O (Krebs & Jacobsen, 1976), Na4SnSe4.16H2O (Krebs & Huerter, 1980), K4GeSe4.4H2O (Melullis & Dehnen, 2007), Rb4SnTe4.2H2O (Ruzin et al., 2006), K4SnS4.4H2O (Ruzin et al., 2008), to mention only some examples.
In context with previous work (Mereiter & Preisinger, 1992) the title compound Li3AsS4.8H2O was prepared and its crystal structure was determined. An early report on the synthesis and crystal data of this compound was given by Rémy & Bachet (1968).
Li3AsS4.8H2O crystallizes in the infrequent centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P2/c (No. 13). The crystal structure contains four independent Li atoms, two independent AsS4 tetrahedra and eight independent water molecules in the asymmetric unit. Li1 lies on a centre of inversion while Li3, As1, and As2 are located on twofold axes. All other constituents comprising Li2 and Li4, four S, and eight H2O are in general position. A view of a characteristic part of the crystal structure containing all constituents is shown in Fig. 1. All lithium atoms are exclusively coordinated by the oxygen atoms of the water molecules but not by any sulfur atom. Li1 and Li2 form Li(H2O)6 octahedra while Li3 and Li4 form Li(H2O)4 tetrahedra. The Li1(H2O)6 octahedron shares edges with two adjacent Li2(H2O)6 octahedra, and they in turn share faces with two Li4(H2O)4 tetrahedra. This gives rise to characteristic polyhedral pentamers Li5(H2O)16 which are linked by the Li3(H2O)4 tetrahedra via vertex sharing with four adjacent Li(H2O)6 octahedra to form infinite branched chains of the composition Li6(H2O)16 or Li3(H2O)8 (Figs. 2 and 3). The chains extend along [001] and have the Li5(H2O)16 fragments oriented in a criss-cross fashion (Figs. 3 and 4). Embedded between the chains are the tetrahedral AsS43- anions, which are are anchored exclusively by O—H···S type hydrogen bonds donated by the water molecules. The sulfur atoms receive either three (S2, S4) or five (S1, S3) hydrogen bonds so that each AsS43- anion receives 16 hydrogen bonds of which 8 are symmetry redundant. The eight different water molecules of the structure have mainly distorted tetrahedral coordination environments by two Li cations and two S atoms as hydrogen bond acceptors. Only the water molecule H2O8 differs from this behaviour by being bonded to only one Li and two S atoms within a distorted trigonal pyramidal coordination.
The Li—O bonds range from 2.026 (5) to 2.319 (5) Å for the LiO6 octahedra and from 1.876 (5) to 2.054 (6) Å for the LiO4 tetrahedra (Table 1). The mean Li—O bond lengths are 2.202 (65), 2.195 (105), 2.000 (10) and 1.969 (74) Å for Li1 through Li4. The coordination figures of Li1 and Li3 are relatively regular (O—Li—O bond angles for Li1O6 81.84 (6)–98.16 (6)° and 180°, for Li3O4 101.7 (2)–114.3 (3)°) while those of Li2 and Li4 are notably distorted due to the face-sharing link between them (O—Li—O bond angles for Li2O6 72.7 (2)–100.6 (2)° and 167.3 (2)–174.8 (3)°, for Li4O4 84.6 (2)–129.8 (2)°; Li2···Li4 = 2.698 (7) Å). The two independent AsS43- anions have As—S bond distances from 2.1482 (6) to 2.1677 (6) Å, <As—S> = 2.161 (10) Å. The two shorter As—S bonds in each tetrahedron are to sulfur atoms receiving three hydrogen bonds (S2, S4) while the longer As—S bonds are to sulfur atoms receiving five hydrogen bonds (S1, S3). The As—S bond lengths and the S—As—S bond angles (106.72 (3)–111.42 (2) and 106.15 (2)–112.69 (2)° for As1 and As2, respectively) show that the two tetrahedra are relatively regular. They agree in their dimensions with related thioarsenates (Mereiter et al., 1982; Mereiter & Preisinger, 1992). The eight independent water molecules of the structure donate 16 relatively straight O—H···S hydrogen bonds to all S atoms of the AsS4 tetrahedra, O···S = 3.167 (2) – 3.531 (2) Å, <O···S> = 3.295 (92) Å and O—H···S = 153–177° (Table 2; Figs. 2 and 3). These dimensions fit well into the pattern of O—H···S hydrogen bonds in sulfosalt hydrates reported by Mikenda et al. (1989).
The structure of title compound Li3AsS4.8H2O adds a new facet to the very diverse structural chemistry of the chalcogenosalt hydrates with tetrahedral XY4 anions defined above. The two isochemical relatives of the title compound, Na3PS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1983) and Na3AsS4.8H2O (Mereiter et al., 1982), represent an isostructural pair built up from NaS2(H2O)4, NaS(H2O)5 and Na(H2O)6 octahedra which form together with the PS4/AsS4 tetrahedra undulating layers. The PS4/AsS4 tetrahedron is linked with three S atoms to the Na cations. The water molecules are mostly bonded to two Na and donate pairs of O—H···S hydrogen bonds. One water molecule is bonded to only one Na and accepts in compensation an O—H···O hydrogen bond. Schlippe's salt, Na3SbS4.9H2O (Mereiter et al., 1979) and the isostructural selenoarsenate (Krebs et al., 1990) contain per formula unit one water more than the title compound. They are built up from tripledeckers of facesharing octahedra - namely a Na(H2O)6 octahedron which shares two opposite faces with a Na(H2O)6 and a NaS3(H2O)3 octahedron. The tetrahedral SbS4 anion is bonded with three S atoms to three tripledeckers and links them into a complicated framework of cubic symmetry. Here again only one S atom is not cation-bonded and the structure contains independent five O—H···S and one O—H···O bonds. The compounds Na4SnS4.14H2O (Schiwy et al., 1973), Na4GeSe4.14H2O (Krebs & Jacobsen, 1976), and Na4SnSe4.16H2O (Krebs & Huerter, 1980) can be seen as variants of the Na-water triple deckers in Schlippe's salt and only in Na4SnSe4.16H2O these triple deckers form Na—H2O polymers without any Na-chalcogen bonds. Alkali sulfosalts with cations larger than Na – e.g. K4GeSe4.4H2O (Melullis & Dehnen, 2007), Rb4SnTe4.2H2O (Ruzin et al., 2006), or K4SnS4.4H2O (Ruzin et al., 2008) – contain less water per cation and adopt alkali-water structures with higher coordination numbers than 6 for the cation sites and they involve therefore increasingly alkali-chalcogen bonds. Although not a sulfo-salt, Na2S.9H2O may be mentioned here for comparison with Li3AsS4.8H2O because it is built up from octahedral chains Na(H2O)5 (corner-sharing spiral chains) and Na(H2O)4 (edge-sharing spiral chains) held together by isolated sulfide ions via many O—H···S bonds and by some O—H···O bonds (Preisinger et al., 1982).