Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015010002/su5135sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015010002/su5135Isup2.hkl | |
Chemical Markup Language (CML) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989015010002/su5135Isup3.cml |
CCDC reference: 1402521
Key indicators
- Single-crystal X-ray study
- T = 292 K
- Mean (C-C) = 0.002 Å
- R factor = 0.044
- wR factor = 0.127
- Data-to-parameter ratio = 18.0
checkCIF/PLATON results
No syntax errors found
Alert level C PLAT906_ALERT_3_C Large K value in the Analysis of Variance ...... 2.894 Check
Alert level G PLAT912_ALERT_4_G Missing # of FCF Reflections Above STh/L= 0.600 49 Note
0 ALERT level A = Most likely a serious problem - resolve or explain 0 ALERT level B = A potentially serious problem, consider carefully 1 ALERT level C = Check. Ensure it is not caused by an omission or oversight 1 ALERT level G = General information/check it is not something unexpected 0 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 0 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 1 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 1 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 0 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check
Indole derivatives inhibit hepatitis C virus replication through induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Lee et al., 2015) and these derivatives act as a new anti-hepatitis C virus agents (Andreev et al., 2015). These derivatives also act as potential mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors (Ferro et al., 2015). Indole derivatives also exhibit anti-proliferative (Parrino et al., 2015), anti-inflammatory (Chen et al., 2015) and anti-tumor (Ma et al., 2015) activities. In view of the many interesting applications of indole derivatives, we synthesized the title compound and report herein on its crystal structure.
The molecular structure of the title compound, (I), is illustrated in Fig. 1. The geometry of the indole ring system (N1/C1–C8) in (I) is comparable with those reported for similar structures, namely 1-vinyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (II) (Selvanayagam et al., 2008) and methyl (2Z)-2-[(2-formyl-3-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoate (III) (Selvanayagam et al., 2014). The superposition of the indole ring system of (I) with the related reported structures, using Qmol (Gans & Shalloway, 2001), gives an r.m.s. deviation of 0.025 Å between (I) and (II), and 0.030 Å between (I) and (III); see Fig. 2. The indole ring system is planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.017 Å [maximum deviation of 0.028 (2) Å for atom C3], and the methyl atom C9 deviates by 0.050 (2) Å from its mean plane. The chlorine atom, Cl1, deviates by 0.008 (1) Å from the benzene ring (C15–C20) to which it is attached. This ring is almost perpendicular to the indole ring system, making a dihedral angle of 87.59 (6)°. The sum of the angles at atom N1 of the indole ring (360°) is in accordance with sp2 hybridization. The widening of the C16—C15—C14 bond angle to 125.2 (1)° is due to the short H···H contact (H10B···H16 = 2.10 Å). The mean plane of the methyl methacrylate unit [O1/O2/C10–C14; maximum deviation of 0.015 (2) Å for atom O1] is almost planar with the chlrophenyl ring, making a dihedral angle of 18.98 (17)°, but is normal to the indole ring system with a dihedral angle of 89.96 (5)°.
In the crystal, C—H···π interactions link the molecules, forming C(9) chains propagating along [101]; see Fig. 3 and Table 1. Between the chains there are weak π–π interactions involving inversion-related chlorophenyl rings (C15–C20), stabilizing the molecular packing [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.851 (1) Å]; see Fig. 4.
Substituted (Z)-methyl-2-(bromomethyl)-3-phenylacrylate (1 mmol), tetra-butyl-ammonium bromide (0.5 mmol), and 50% NaOH (20 ml) were added to a solution of 3-methyl indole (1 mmol) in benzene (55 ml). The mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature for 5–6 h. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure (yield: 70%). Suitable crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution of the title compound in methanol at room temperature.
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2001); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS1997 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).
C20H18ClNO2 | F(000) = 712 |
Mr = 339.80 | Dx = 1.364 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 9.5867 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 12437 reflections |
b = 15.9077 (8) Å | θ = 2.3–27.7° |
c = 10.8902 (6) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
β = 94.787 (1)° | T = 292 K |
V = 1654.99 (15) Å3 | Block, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.20 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | Rint = 0.026 |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | θmax = 28.0°, θmin = 2.3° |
ω scans | h = −12→12 |
19078 measured reflections | k = −20→20 |
3944 independent reflections | l = −14→14 |
3313 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.127 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0722P)2 + 0.3404P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.02 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
3944 reflections | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
219 parameters | Δρmin = −0.23 e Å−3 |
C20H18ClNO2 | V = 1654.99 (15) Å3 |
Mr = 339.80 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.5867 (5) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
b = 15.9077 (8) Å | T = 292 K |
c = 10.8902 (6) Å | 0.20 × 0.18 × 0.16 mm |
β = 94.787 (1)° |
Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3313 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
19078 measured reflections | Rint = 0.026 |
3944 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.127 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
3944 reflections | Δρmin = −0.23 e Å−3 |
219 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Cl1 | 0.85221 (5) | 1.06092 (3) | 0.06559 (4) | 0.05976 (16) | |
O1 | 0.23237 (16) | 0.66473 (11) | −0.05769 (11) | 0.0775 (4) | |
O2 | 0.21544 (12) | 0.62293 (7) | 0.13579 (10) | 0.0524 (3) | |
N1 | 0.32743 (12) | 0.78373 (7) | 0.30864 (10) | 0.0366 (3) | |
C1 | 0.32983 (13) | 0.78740 (8) | 0.43477 (12) | 0.0333 (3) | |
C2 | 0.40942 (15) | 0.74169 (9) | 0.52459 (13) | 0.0405 (3) | |
H2 | 0.4756 | 0.7027 | 0.5035 | 0.049* | |
C3 | 0.38621 (16) | 0.75652 (10) | 0.64588 (13) | 0.0472 (4) | |
H3 | 0.4365 | 0.7262 | 0.7077 | 0.057* | |
C4 | 0.28848 (17) | 0.81630 (11) | 0.67783 (13) | 0.0487 (4) | |
H4 | 0.2759 | 0.8254 | 0.7605 | 0.058* | |
C5 | 0.21077 (15) | 0.86187 (9) | 0.58952 (13) | 0.0421 (3) | |
H5 | 0.1468 | 0.9018 | 0.6120 | 0.051* | |
C6 | 0.22927 (13) | 0.84726 (8) | 0.46513 (12) | 0.0341 (3) | |
C7 | 0.16518 (14) | 0.87978 (9) | 0.35139 (13) | 0.0384 (3) | |
C8 | 0.22748 (14) | 0.83989 (9) | 0.25968 (13) | 0.0390 (3) | |
H8 | 0.2059 | 0.8491 | 0.1759 | 0.047* | |
C9 | 0.05055 (18) | 0.94375 (11) | 0.33648 (17) | 0.0551 (4) | |
H9A | 0.0297 | 0.9559 | 0.2506 | 0.083* | |
H9B | 0.0800 | 0.9943 | 0.3792 | 0.083* | |
H9C | −0.0316 | 0.9221 | 0.3701 | 0.083* | |
C10 | 0.41548 (15) | 0.72823 (9) | 0.24128 (12) | 0.0391 (3) | |
H10A | 0.4063 | 0.6711 | 0.2708 | 0.047* | |
H10B | 0.5126 | 0.7449 | 0.2578 | 0.047* | |
C11 | 0.37749 (15) | 0.73022 (9) | 0.10415 (12) | 0.0395 (3) | |
C12 | 0.26941 (16) | 0.67031 (10) | 0.05008 (14) | 0.0457 (3) | |
C13 | 0.1091 (2) | 0.56359 (11) | 0.0915 (2) | 0.0622 (5) | |
H13A | 0.0294 | 0.5934 | 0.0543 | 0.093* | |
H13B | 0.0815 | 0.5306 | 0.1592 | 0.093* | |
H13C | 0.1457 | 0.5272 | 0.0316 | 0.093* | |
C14 | 0.43561 (15) | 0.78067 (10) | 0.02431 (13) | 0.0427 (3) | |
H14 | 0.4052 | 0.7706 | −0.0577 | 0.051* | |
C15 | 0.53784 (15) | 0.84850 (9) | 0.04181 (13) | 0.0418 (3) | |
C16 | 0.57356 (18) | 0.89031 (11) | 0.15350 (14) | 0.0499 (4) | |
H16 | 0.5315 | 0.8742 | 0.2238 | 0.060* | |
C17 | 0.66983 (18) | 0.95481 (11) | 0.16082 (15) | 0.0516 (4) | |
H17 | 0.6930 | 0.9818 | 0.2355 | 0.062* | |
C18 | 0.73146 (16) | 0.97890 (9) | 0.05648 (14) | 0.0447 (3) | |
C19 | 0.69899 (19) | 0.93986 (11) | −0.05510 (15) | 0.0521 (4) | |
H19 | 0.7414 | 0.9567 | −0.1248 | 0.063* | |
C20 | 0.60262 (18) | 0.87549 (11) | −0.06176 (14) | 0.0495 (4) | |
H20 | 0.5800 | 0.8492 | −0.1371 | 0.059* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Cl1 | 0.0659 (3) | 0.0532 (3) | 0.0606 (3) | −0.00944 (19) | 0.0072 (2) | 0.00371 (18) |
O1 | 0.0809 (9) | 0.1119 (12) | 0.0386 (7) | −0.0357 (9) | −0.0008 (6) | −0.0147 (7) |
O2 | 0.0572 (7) | 0.0500 (6) | 0.0490 (6) | −0.0075 (5) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0016 (5) |
N1 | 0.0384 (6) | 0.0420 (6) | 0.0293 (5) | 0.0067 (5) | 0.0016 (4) | −0.0017 (4) |
C1 | 0.0341 (6) | 0.0353 (6) | 0.0304 (6) | −0.0008 (5) | 0.0024 (5) | −0.0030 (5) |
C2 | 0.0428 (7) | 0.0411 (7) | 0.0371 (7) | 0.0080 (6) | −0.0005 (6) | −0.0006 (6) |
C3 | 0.0524 (9) | 0.0538 (9) | 0.0341 (7) | 0.0067 (7) | −0.0031 (6) | 0.0035 (6) |
C4 | 0.0528 (9) | 0.0641 (10) | 0.0292 (7) | 0.0029 (7) | 0.0041 (6) | −0.0049 (6) |
C5 | 0.0407 (7) | 0.0468 (8) | 0.0394 (7) | 0.0032 (6) | 0.0070 (6) | −0.0069 (6) |
C6 | 0.0328 (6) | 0.0344 (6) | 0.0351 (7) | −0.0016 (5) | 0.0025 (5) | −0.0014 (5) |
C7 | 0.0360 (7) | 0.0397 (7) | 0.0390 (7) | 0.0028 (5) | 0.0013 (5) | 0.0002 (6) |
C8 | 0.0391 (7) | 0.0446 (7) | 0.0324 (7) | 0.0043 (6) | −0.0010 (5) | 0.0031 (5) |
C9 | 0.0504 (9) | 0.0552 (10) | 0.0591 (10) | 0.0181 (7) | 0.0013 (7) | 0.0038 (8) |
C10 | 0.0403 (7) | 0.0446 (7) | 0.0321 (7) | 0.0069 (6) | 0.0016 (5) | −0.0041 (5) |
C11 | 0.0400 (7) | 0.0478 (8) | 0.0306 (7) | 0.0066 (6) | 0.0019 (5) | −0.0069 (6) |
C12 | 0.0450 (8) | 0.0538 (9) | 0.0384 (8) | 0.0033 (7) | 0.0034 (6) | −0.0098 (6) |
C13 | 0.0606 (11) | 0.0505 (9) | 0.0739 (12) | −0.0092 (8) | −0.0043 (9) | −0.0039 (8) |
C14 | 0.0433 (8) | 0.0540 (8) | 0.0305 (7) | 0.0056 (6) | 0.0007 (6) | −0.0064 (6) |
C15 | 0.0441 (8) | 0.0463 (8) | 0.0349 (7) | 0.0072 (6) | 0.0024 (6) | −0.0006 (6) |
C16 | 0.0583 (9) | 0.0570 (9) | 0.0357 (8) | −0.0043 (7) | 0.0108 (7) | −0.0050 (7) |
C17 | 0.0602 (10) | 0.0545 (9) | 0.0406 (8) | −0.0044 (7) | 0.0075 (7) | −0.0088 (7) |
C18 | 0.0456 (8) | 0.0406 (8) | 0.0476 (8) | 0.0049 (6) | 0.0024 (6) | 0.0041 (6) |
C19 | 0.0626 (10) | 0.0563 (10) | 0.0384 (8) | −0.0001 (7) | 0.0095 (7) | 0.0067 (7) |
C20 | 0.0606 (9) | 0.0555 (9) | 0.0319 (7) | −0.0002 (7) | 0.0015 (6) | −0.0003 (6) |
Cl1—C18 | 1.7417 (16) | C9—H9B | 0.9600 |
O1—C12 | 1.2007 (19) | C9—H9C | 0.9600 |
O2—C12 | 1.3370 (19) | C10—C11 | 1.5077 (18) |
O2—C13 | 1.442 (2) | C10—H10A | 0.9700 |
N1—C1 | 1.3731 (16) | C10—H10B | 0.9700 |
N1—C8 | 1.3839 (17) | C11—C14 | 1.338 (2) |
N1—C10 | 1.4607 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.492 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.3940 (19) | C13—H13A | 0.9600 |
C1—C6 | 1.4138 (18) | C13—H13B | 0.9600 |
C2—C3 | 1.378 (2) | C13—H13C | 0.9600 |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C14—C15 | 1.460 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.399 (2) | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C15—C20 | 1.400 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.373 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.403 (2) |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C16—C17 | 1.378 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.4001 (19) | C16—H16 | 0.9300 |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C17—C18 | 1.378 (2) |
C6—C7 | 1.4327 (19) | C17—H17 | 0.9300 |
C7—C8 | 1.363 (2) | C18—C19 | 1.377 (2) |
C7—C9 | 1.497 (2) | C19—C20 | 1.377 (2) |
C8—H8 | 0.9300 | C19—H19 | 0.9300 |
C9—H9A | 0.9600 | C20—H20 | 0.9300 |
C12—O2—C13 | 116.06 (13) | N1—C10—H10B | 109.1 |
C1—N1—C8 | 108.14 (11) | C11—C10—H10B | 109.1 |
C1—N1—C10 | 124.46 (11) | H10A—C10—H10B | 107.8 |
C8—N1—C10 | 127.39 (11) | C14—C11—C12 | 116.07 (13) |
N1—C1—C2 | 129.96 (12) | C14—C11—C10 | 125.23 (13) |
N1—C1—C6 | 107.92 (11) | C12—C11—C10 | 118.67 (13) |
C2—C1—C6 | 122.09 (12) | O1—C12—O2 | 122.72 (15) |
C3—C2—C1 | 117.42 (13) | O1—C12—C11 | 124.88 (16) |
C3—C2—H2 | 121.3 | O2—C12—C11 | 112.39 (12) |
C1—C2—H2 | 121.3 | O2—C13—H13A | 109.5 |
C2—C3—C4 | 121.32 (14) | O2—C13—H13B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.3 | H13A—C13—H13B | 109.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.3 | O2—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
C5—C4—C3 | 121.33 (13) | H13A—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.3 | H13B—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.3 | C11—C14—C15 | 132.06 (13) |
C4—C5—C6 | 119.00 (13) | C11—C14—H14 | 114.0 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.5 | C15—C14—H14 | 114.0 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.5 | C20—C15—C16 | 117.42 (15) |
C5—C6—C1 | 118.81 (12) | C20—C15—C14 | 117.37 (13) |
C5—C6—C7 | 134.17 (13) | C16—C15—C14 | 125.19 (14) |
C1—C6—C7 | 107.01 (11) | C17—C16—C15 | 121.12 (15) |
C8—C7—C6 | 106.44 (12) | C17—C16—H16 | 119.4 |
C8—C7—C9 | 126.87 (14) | C15—C16—H16 | 119.4 |
C6—C7—C9 | 126.68 (13) | C18—C17—C16 | 119.37 (15) |
C7—C8—N1 | 110.49 (12) | C18—C17—H17 | 120.3 |
C7—C8—H8 | 124.8 | C16—C17—H17 | 120.3 |
N1—C8—H8 | 124.8 | C19—C18—C17 | 121.42 (15) |
C7—C9—H9A | 109.5 | C19—C18—Cl1 | 119.23 (12) |
C7—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C17—C18—Cl1 | 119.34 (12) |
H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C18—C19—C20 | 118.89 (15) |
C7—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C18—C19—H19 | 120.6 |
H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C20—C19—H19 | 120.6 |
H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C19—C20—C15 | 121.77 (15) |
N1—C10—C11 | 112.50 (11) | C19—C20—H20 | 119.1 |
N1—C10—H10A | 109.1 | C15—C20—H20 | 119.1 |
C11—C10—H10A | 109.1 | ||
C8—N1—C1—C2 | 178.13 (14) | C8—N1—C10—C11 | −6.0 (2) |
C10—N1—C1—C2 | −1.0 (2) | N1—C10—C11—C14 | 92.47 (17) |
C8—N1—C1—C6 | −0.08 (15) | N1—C10—C11—C12 | −89.24 (16) |
C10—N1—C1—C6 | −179.21 (12) | C13—O2—C12—O1 | 0.2 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | −177.65 (14) | C13—O2—C12—C11 | 179.53 (13) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.3 (2) | C14—C11—C12—O1 | 0.0 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.2 (2) | C10—C11—C12—O1 | −178.46 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.7 (3) | C14—C11—C12—O2 | −179.30 (13) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.7 (2) | C10—C11—C12—O2 | 2.25 (19) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −1.5 (2) | C12—C11—C14—C15 | 176.82 (14) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 177.51 (15) | C10—C11—C14—C15 | −4.9 (3) |
N1—C1—C6—C5 | 179.37 (12) | C11—C14—C15—C20 | 164.77 (16) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 1.0 (2) | C11—C14—C15—C16 | −17.0 (3) |
N1—C1—C6—C7 | 0.14 (15) | C20—C15—C16—C17 | −0.7 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C7 | −178.25 (13) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | −178.87 (15) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −179.20 (15) | C15—C16—C17—C18 | 0.3 (3) |
C1—C6—C7—C8 | −0.14 (15) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | 0.0 (3) |
C5—C6—C7—C9 | −0.3 (3) | C16—C17—C18—Cl1 | 179.55 (13) |
C1—C6—C7—C9 | 178.81 (15) | C17—C18—C19—C20 | 0.1 (3) |
C6—C7—C8—N1 | 0.09 (16) | Cl1—C18—C19—C20 | −179.51 (13) |
C9—C7—C8—N1 | −178.86 (14) | C18—C19—C20—C15 | −0.4 (3) |
C1—N1—C8—C7 | 0.00 (16) | C16—C15—C20—C19 | 0.7 (2) |
C10—N1—C8—C7 | 179.09 (13) | C14—C15—C20—C19 | 179.06 (15) |
C1—N1—C10—C11 | 172.92 (13) |
Cg is the centroid of ring C1–C6. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C13—H13A···Cgi | 0.96 | 2.69 | 3.581 (2) | 154 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1/2, −y−1/2, z−1/2. |
Cg is the centroid of ring C1–C6. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C13—H13A···Cgi | 0.96 | 2.69 | 3.581 (2) | 154 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1/2, −y−1/2, z−1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C20H18ClNO2 |
Mr | 339.80 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 292 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.5867 (5), 15.9077 (8), 10.8902 (6) |
β (°) | 94.787 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1654.99 (15) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.24 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.20 × 0.18 × 0.16 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 19078, 3944, 3313 |
Rint | 0.026 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.661 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.044, 0.127, 1.02 |
No. of reflections | 3944 |
No. of parameters | 219 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.30, −0.23 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2001), SAINT (Bruker, 2001), SHELXS1997 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2015), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009), SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek, 2009).