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The title salt, (C18H26N2)[CdBr2.375Cl1.625], consists of non-inter­acting cations and tetra­hedral cadmate(II) anions. The halogen atoms are all disordered, the bromine components being in 0.9035 (17):0.0965 (17), 0.6581 (18):0.3419 (18), 0.5019 (19):0.4981 (19) and 0.6847 (19):0.3153 (18) ratios. The aromatic rings of the cation are twisted by 25.0 (1)°.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811000080/xu5137sup1.cif
Contains datablocks global, I

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536811000080/xu5137Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 811152

Key indicators

  • Single-crystal X-ray study
  • T = 100 K
  • Mean [sigma](C-C) = 0.005 Å
  • Disorder in solvent or counterion
  • R factor = 0.031
  • wR factor = 0.078
  • Data-to-parameter ratio = 22.9

checkCIF/PLATON results

No syntax errors found



Alert level C PLAT911_ALERT_3_C Missing # FCF Refl Between THmin & STh/L= 0.600 3 PLAT041_ALERT_1_C Calc. and Reported SumFormula Strings Differ ? PLAT042_ALERT_1_C Calc. and Reported MoietyFormula Strings Differ ? PLAT077_ALERT_4_C Unitcell contains non-integer number of atoms .. ? PLAT233_ALERT_4_C Hirshfeld (M-X Solvent) Cd1 -- Br2 .. 10.27 su PLAT233_ALERT_4_C Hirshfeld (M-X Solvent) Cd1 -- Br3 .. 11.16 su PLAT233_ALERT_4_C Hirshfeld (M-X Solvent) Cd1 -- Cl3 .. 11.16 su PLAT233_ALERT_4_C Hirshfeld (M-X Solvent) Cd1 -- Cl2 .. 10.27 su
Alert level G PLAT860_ALERT_3_G Note: Number of Least-Squares Restraints ....... 5 PLAT302_ALERT_4_G Note: Anion/Solvent Disorder ................... 44.00 Perc. PLAT811_ALERT_5_G No ADDSYM Analysis: Too Many Excluded Atoms .... !
0 ALERT level A = In general: serious problem 0 ALERT level B = Potentially serious problem 8 ALERT level C = Check and explain 3 ALERT level G = General alerts; check 2 ALERT type 1 CIF construction/syntax error, inconsistent or missing data 0 ALERT type 2 Indicator that the structure model may be wrong or deficient 2 ALERT type 3 Indicator that the structure quality may be low 6 ALERT type 4 Improvement, methodology, query or suggestion 1 ALERT type 5 Informative message, check

Comment top

The class of 1,1'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium bromides represents a class of ammonium salts that are excellent directing regents for the construction of metal–organic architectures. In a previous study, the reaction of a similar salt, 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)dipyridinium dibromide, with cadmium dichloride, yielded the salt as a dibromidodichlorodocadmate; the halogen atoms are all disordered. In the present study, the reaction of 1,1'-dibutyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide with cadmium dichloride yielded a similarly disordered cadmate counterion whose bromine:chloride ratio is 2.375:1.625 (Scheme I, Fig. 1).

Related literature top

For the synthesis of the cation, see: Hou et al. (2005). For a similar disordered tetrahalogenocadmate, see: Liu et al. (2007).

Experimental top

1,1'-Dibutyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide was synthesized by using a literature method (Hou et al., 2005). 1-Bromobutane (30 mmol, 4.11 g) and 4,4′-bipyridyl (10 mmol, 1.56 g) were dissolved in acetonitrile (20 ml). The solution was heated at 343–353 K for 48 h. The yellow precipitate that formed was collected and recrystallized from a methanol/ether mixture to give a white powder (4.2 g, 90% yield.)

A methanol solution (10 ml) of the dibromide salt (0.43 g, 1.0 mmol) was added to a solution of cadmium dichloride (0.184 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in an DMF/H2O (4:1) mixture (10 ml) to precipitiate a white solid. This dissolved when DMF was added. The solution was filtered and then set aside for the growth of colorless crystals (40% yield) after a week. The crystals are not soluble in common solvents.

Refinement top

Hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H 0.95 to 0.99 Å) and were included in the refinement in the riding model approximation, with U(H) set to 1.2–1.5Ueq(C).

Each halogen site is occupied by a mixture of chlorine and bromine atoms. For each site, the temperate factors for the major and minor occupants were restrained to be identical. As the total occupancy of the bromine atoms refined to nearly 2 3/8, the sum occupany was then fixed as exactly 2 3/8. The final difference Fourier had a peak at 1.83 Å from H2b and a hole at 0.88 ° from Cd1

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: X-SEED (Barbour, 2001); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. Thermal ellipsoid plot (Barbour, 2001) of [C18H26N2]2+ [Br2.375Cl1.625Cd]2- at the 70% probability level; hydrogen atoms are drawn as spheres of arbitrary radius. The halogen atoms are all disordered, and are represented as bromide atoms.
1,1'-Di-n-butyl-4,4'-bipyridinium 2.375-bromido-1.625-chloridocadmate top
Crystal data top
(C18H26N2)[CdBr2.375Cl1.625]F(000) = 1227
Mr = 630.20Dx = 1.798 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 8220 reflections
a = 8.6969 (5) Åθ = 2.4–28.3°
b = 16.6024 (10) ŵ = 5.21 mm1
c = 16.6881 (10) ÅT = 100 K
β = 104.936 (1)°Prism, colorless
V = 2328.2 (2) Å30.30 × 0.30 × 0.10 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX
diffractometer
5354 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube4487 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.045
ω scansθmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.8°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
h = 1111
Tmin = 0.304, Tmax = 0.624k = 2121
21634 measured reflectionsl = 2121
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.078H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.02 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.037P)2 + 2.9972P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5354 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
234 parametersΔρmax = 1.49 e Å3
5 restraintsΔρmin = 1.27 e Å3
Crystal data top
(C18H26N2)[CdBr2.375Cl1.625]V = 2328.2 (2) Å3
Mr = 630.20Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation
a = 8.6969 (5) ŵ = 5.21 mm1
b = 16.6024 (10) ÅT = 100 K
c = 16.6881 (10) Å0.30 × 0.30 × 0.10 mm
β = 104.936 (1)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART APEX
diffractometer
5354 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
4487 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.304, Tmax = 0.624Rint = 0.045
21634 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0315 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.078H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.02Δρmax = 1.49 e Å3
5354 reflectionsΔρmin = 1.27 e Å3
234 parameters
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Cd10.40196 (3)0.424706 (15)0.232277 (14)0.01974 (7)
Br10.22214 (4)0.35248 (2)0.10618 (2)0.02326 (11)0.9035 (17)
Br20.23823 (5)0.48953 (3)0.32488 (2)0.02183 (13)0.6581 (18)
Br30.62807 (6)0.34583 (3)0.32995 (3)0.02465 (15)0.4981 (19)
Br40.53176 (7)0.53958 (4)0.17615 (3)0.02306 (17)0.3153 (19)
Cl10.22214 (4)0.35248 (2)0.10618 (2)0.02326 (11)0.0965 (17)
Cl20.23823 (5)0.48953 (3)0.32488 (2)0.02183 (13)0.3419 (18)
Cl30.62807 (6)0.34583 (3)0.32995 (3)0.02465 (15)0.5019 (19)
Cl40.53176 (7)0.53958 (4)0.17615 (3)0.02306 (17)0.6847 (19)
N10.8621 (3)0.47579 (17)0.09803 (18)0.0213 (6)
N20.4249 (3)0.11942 (17)0.06874 (17)0.0197 (6)
C10.9057 (6)0.7653 (3)0.1760 (3)0.0485 (12)
H1A0.97250.81340.17980.073*
H1B0.89310.75190.23110.073*
H1C0.80110.77580.13830.073*
C20.9844 (5)0.6951 (2)0.1432 (3)0.0393 (10)
H2A0.99440.70810.08690.047*
H2B1.09260.68660.17950.047*
C30.8885 (5)0.6192 (2)0.1401 (3)0.0326 (9)
H3A0.77860.62880.10620.039*
H3B0.88320.60490.19690.039*
C40.9603 (4)0.5501 (2)0.1036 (2)0.0264 (8)
H4A0.96890.56510.04750.032*
H4B1.06890.53930.13850.032*
C50.8900 (4)0.4246 (2)0.1624 (2)0.0227 (7)
H50.97110.43630.21130.027*
C60.8021 (4)0.3558 (2)0.1579 (2)0.0222 (7)
H60.82220.32020.20400.027*
C70.6840 (4)0.3373 (2)0.08722 (19)0.0186 (7)
C80.6557 (4)0.3926 (2)0.0221 (2)0.0237 (7)
H80.57490.38230.02720.028*
C90.7442 (4)0.4616 (2)0.0293 (2)0.0246 (7)
H90.72220.49990.01450.029*
C100.4928 (4)0.1502 (2)0.1435 (2)0.0222 (7)
H100.48180.12320.19190.027*
C110.5781 (4)0.2205 (2)0.1510 (2)0.0199 (7)
H110.62690.24160.20440.024*
C120.5935 (4)0.26102 (19)0.0800 (2)0.0180 (6)
C130.5245 (4)0.2266 (2)0.0037 (2)0.0209 (7)
H130.53540.25190.04560.025*
C140.4404 (4)0.1562 (2)0.0009 (2)0.0214 (7)
H140.39270.13300.05350.026*
C150.3217 (4)0.0467 (2)0.0626 (2)0.0266 (8)
H15A0.37770.00480.10150.032*
H15B0.29820.02460.00570.032*
C160.1663 (5)0.0697 (2)0.0838 (3)0.0317 (8)
H16A0.10110.02050.08240.038*
H16B0.19150.09120.14100.038*
C170.0703 (4)0.1309 (2)0.0261 (2)0.0313 (8)
H17A0.03970.10830.03070.038*
H17B0.13720.17900.02520.038*
C180.0791 (5)0.1565 (3)0.0506 (3)0.0444 (11)
H18A0.13750.19610.01070.067*
H18B0.04950.18050.10620.067*
H18C0.14670.10930.05090.067*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cd10.02436 (13)0.01957 (13)0.01644 (12)0.00087 (9)0.00734 (10)0.00126 (9)
Br10.0256 (2)0.0214 (2)0.02208 (19)0.00007 (14)0.00474 (15)0.00461 (14)
Br20.0222 (2)0.0263 (2)0.0179 (2)0.00361 (16)0.00688 (16)0.00281 (16)
Br30.0347 (3)0.0242 (3)0.0167 (2)0.0036 (2)0.0096 (2)0.00047 (19)
Br40.0288 (3)0.0255 (3)0.0168 (3)0.0041 (2)0.0094 (2)0.0004 (2)
Cl10.0256 (2)0.0214 (2)0.02208 (19)0.00007 (14)0.00474 (15)0.00461 (14)
Cl20.0222 (2)0.0263 (2)0.0179 (2)0.00361 (16)0.00688 (16)0.00281 (16)
Cl30.0347 (3)0.0242 (3)0.0167 (2)0.0036 (2)0.0096 (2)0.00047 (19)
Cl40.0288 (3)0.0255 (3)0.0168 (3)0.0041 (2)0.0094 (2)0.0004 (2)
N10.0219 (14)0.0195 (15)0.0245 (15)0.0002 (11)0.0099 (12)0.0017 (12)
N20.0199 (14)0.0162 (14)0.0226 (14)0.0030 (11)0.0050 (11)0.0009 (11)
C10.057 (3)0.028 (2)0.046 (3)0.004 (2)0.012 (2)0.006 (2)
C20.044 (2)0.030 (2)0.040 (2)0.0057 (19)0.004 (2)0.0020 (18)
C30.0293 (19)0.029 (2)0.042 (2)0.0049 (16)0.0124 (17)0.0086 (18)
C40.0270 (18)0.0233 (19)0.0318 (19)0.0068 (14)0.0126 (16)0.0020 (15)
C50.0216 (16)0.0253 (19)0.0212 (16)0.0018 (14)0.0059 (14)0.0021 (14)
C60.0228 (17)0.0250 (19)0.0195 (16)0.0005 (14)0.0071 (14)0.0011 (14)
C70.0197 (15)0.0200 (17)0.0174 (15)0.0032 (13)0.0073 (13)0.0009 (13)
C80.0242 (17)0.0265 (19)0.0207 (17)0.0025 (14)0.0061 (14)0.0018 (14)
C90.0270 (17)0.0252 (19)0.0230 (17)0.0011 (15)0.0092 (15)0.0020 (14)
C100.0277 (18)0.0211 (18)0.0177 (16)0.0030 (14)0.0053 (14)0.0024 (13)
C110.0211 (16)0.0210 (17)0.0173 (16)0.0030 (13)0.0047 (13)0.0007 (13)
C120.0183 (15)0.0171 (16)0.0196 (15)0.0055 (12)0.0067 (13)0.0004 (13)
C130.0207 (16)0.0243 (18)0.0190 (16)0.0008 (13)0.0077 (13)0.0010 (14)
C140.0221 (16)0.0233 (18)0.0186 (16)0.0010 (14)0.0048 (13)0.0043 (13)
C150.0301 (19)0.0168 (17)0.0313 (19)0.0029 (14)0.0048 (16)0.0018 (15)
C160.031 (2)0.028 (2)0.036 (2)0.0106 (16)0.0089 (17)0.0005 (17)
C170.0294 (19)0.028 (2)0.037 (2)0.0022 (16)0.0102 (17)0.0013 (17)
C180.028 (2)0.046 (3)0.062 (3)0.0073 (19)0.016 (2)0.006 (2)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Cd1—Br42.5168 (6)C7—C81.394 (5)
Cd1—Br32.5665 (6)C7—C121.479 (5)
Cd1—Br12.5720 (4)C8—C91.369 (5)
Cd1—Br22.5901 (5)C8—H80.9500
N1—C51.342 (4)C9—H90.9500
N1—C91.348 (5)C10—C111.370 (5)
N1—C41.489 (4)C10—H100.9500
N2—C101.337 (4)C11—C121.398 (4)
N2—C141.350 (4)C11—H110.9500
N2—C151.492 (4)C12—C131.384 (5)
C1—C21.523 (6)C13—C141.371 (5)
C1—H1A0.9800C13—H130.9500
C1—H1B0.9800C14—H140.9500
C1—H1C0.9800C15—C161.531 (5)
C2—C31.505 (5)C15—H15A0.9900
C2—H2A0.9900C15—H15B0.9900
C2—H2B0.9900C16—C171.497 (5)
C3—C41.507 (5)C16—H16A0.9900
C3—H3A0.9900C16—H16B0.9900
C3—H3B0.9900C17—C181.521 (5)
C4—H4A0.9900C17—H17A0.9900
C4—H4B0.9900C17—H17B0.9900
C5—C61.366 (5)C18—H18A0.9800
C5—H50.9500C18—H18B0.9800
C6—C71.385 (5)C18—H18C0.9800
C6—H60.9500
Br4—Cd1—Br3106.22 (2)C9—C8—C7120.0 (3)
Br4—Cd1—Br1106.574 (18)C9—C8—H8120.0
Br3—Cd1—Br1119.113 (17)C7—C8—H8120.0
Br4—Cd1—Br2105.991 (18)N1—C9—C8120.5 (3)
Br3—Cd1—Br2106.390 (16)N1—C9—H9119.7
Br1—Cd1—Br2111.718 (15)C8—C9—H9119.7
C5—N1—C9120.8 (3)N2—C10—C11120.6 (3)
C5—N1—C4119.5 (3)N2—C10—H10119.7
C9—N1—C4119.7 (3)C11—C10—H10119.7
C10—N2—C14120.8 (3)C10—C11—C12120.0 (3)
C10—N2—C15119.2 (3)C10—C11—H11120.0
C14—N2—C15119.9 (3)C12—C11—H11120.0
C2—C1—H1A109.5C13—C12—C11117.8 (3)
C2—C1—H1B109.5C13—C12—C7121.6 (3)
H1A—C1—H1B109.5C11—C12—C7120.6 (3)
C2—C1—H1C109.5C14—C13—C12120.2 (3)
H1A—C1—H1C109.5C14—C13—H13119.9
H1B—C1—H1C109.5C12—C13—H13119.9
C3—C2—C1110.9 (4)N2—C14—C13120.5 (3)
C3—C2—H2A109.5N2—C14—H14119.8
C1—C2—H2A109.5C13—C14—H14119.8
C3—C2—H2B109.5N2—C15—C16109.5 (3)
C1—C2—H2B109.5N2—C15—H15A109.8
H2A—C2—H2B108.0C16—C15—H15A109.8
C2—C3—C4111.6 (3)N2—C15—H15B109.8
C2—C3—H3A109.3C16—C15—H15B109.8
C4—C3—H3A109.3H15A—C15—H15B108.2
C2—C3—H3B109.3C17—C16—C15113.5 (3)
C4—C3—H3B109.3C17—C16—H16A108.9
H3A—C3—H3B108.0C15—C16—H16A108.9
N1—C4—C3111.4 (3)C17—C16—H16B108.9
N1—C4—H4A109.3C15—C16—H16B108.9
C3—C4—H4A109.3H16A—C16—H16B107.7
N1—C4—H4B109.3C16—C17—C18112.9 (3)
C3—C4—H4B109.3C16—C17—H17A109.0
H4A—C4—H4B108.0C18—C17—H17A109.0
N1—C5—C6120.1 (3)C16—C17—H17B109.0
N1—C5—H5119.9C18—C17—H17B109.0
C6—C5—H5119.9H17A—C17—H17B107.8
C5—C6—C7121.0 (3)C17—C18—H18A109.5
C5—C6—H6119.5C17—C18—H18B109.5
C7—C6—H6119.5H18A—C18—H18B109.5
C6—C7—C8117.5 (3)C17—C18—H18C109.5
C6—C7—C12121.4 (3)H18A—C18—H18C109.5
C8—C7—C12121.1 (3)H18B—C18—H18C109.5
C1—C2—C3—C4177.1 (4)N2—C10—C11—C120.6 (5)
C5—N1—C4—C389.0 (4)C10—C11—C12—C131.9 (5)
C9—N1—C4—C389.4 (4)C10—C11—C12—C7179.4 (3)
C2—C3—C4—N1178.1 (3)C6—C7—C12—C13154.1 (3)
C9—N1—C5—C62.2 (5)C8—C7—C12—C1324.6 (4)
C4—N1—C5—C6179.4 (3)C6—C7—C12—C1124.5 (4)
N1—C5—C6—C70.4 (5)C8—C7—C12—C11156.8 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C81.8 (5)C11—C12—C13—C141.8 (5)
C5—C6—C7—C12176.9 (3)C7—C12—C13—C14179.5 (3)
C6—C7—C8—C90.7 (5)C10—N2—C14—C130.9 (5)
C12—C7—C8—C9178.1 (3)C15—N2—C14—C13174.8 (3)
C5—N1—C9—C83.4 (5)C12—C13—C14—N20.4 (5)
C4—N1—C9—C8178.2 (3)C10—N2—C15—C1670.9 (4)
C7—C8—C9—N11.9 (5)C14—N2—C15—C16104.9 (3)
C14—N2—C10—C110.8 (5)N2—C15—C16—C1761.5 (4)
C15—N2—C10—C11174.9 (3)C15—C16—C17—C18176.9 (3)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula(C18H26N2)[CdBr2.375Cl1.625]
Mr630.20
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)100
a, b, c (Å)8.6969 (5), 16.6024 (10), 16.6881 (10)
β (°) 104.936 (1)
V3)2328.2 (2)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)5.21
Crystal size (mm)0.30 × 0.30 × 0.10
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART APEX
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.304, 0.624
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
21634, 5354, 4487
Rint0.045
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.650
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.031, 0.078, 1.02
No. of reflections5354
No. of parameters234
No. of restraints5
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)1.49, 1.27

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009), SAINT (Bruker, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), X-SEED (Barbour, 2001), publCIF (Westrip, 2010).

 

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