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Figure 1
(a) A family of tori which are coaxial with the spherical torus. This family fills up the volume of the three-dimensional sphere S3. The axis of the Boerdijk–Coxeter helix corresponds to the torus axis in the {3, 3, 5} polytope. (Adapted from Fig. 8 in Mosseri et al., 1985BB18.) (b) The Boerdijk–Coxeter helix obtained from regular tetrahedra. A simplicial seven-vertex complex of four tetrahedra with common vertex 1 is shown by black lines. Two such complexes are joined by a connected sum – the three tetrahedra between them (grey lines). (c) Representation of a cover over a bouquet of the circle S1 and the sphere S2 in the form of spheres attached to a screw line. On every sphere a solid common point with the screw line is shown, corresponding to a point of a manifold on S1. This point is the common vertex joining two seven-vertex complexes (Fig. 1[link]b). (Adapted from Fig. 103b in Dubrovin et al., 2001BB9.) (d) The projection of {4, 3, 3} polytope vertices on the catenoid (adapted from Fig. 9b in Mosseri et al., 1985BB18), which is determined by the family of tori (Fig. 1[link]a). (e) The transformation of catenoid (Fig. 1[link]d) into helicoid via an intermediate surface (wound over the catenoid) – joining of catenoid and helicoid surfaces. Trajectories of the generatrix ends are marked by thick lines. (Adapted from Fig. 26 in Fomenko & Tuzhilin, 1992BB11.)

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