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Figure 4
(Left) Hierarchy tree of the translationengleiche plane symmetry groups with ratios of sums of squared complex Fourier coefficient residuals as insets. (Right) Hierarchy tree of the crystallographic 2D point groups that are projected Laue classes. The inset ratios of the sums of squared residuals are valid for equal numbers of structure-bearing Fourier coefficients of geometric models and apply to transitions from a certain kl level of the graph to a permitted km level. Subscript l in these ratios stands for less-symmetric/constrained and subscript m stands for more-symmetric/constrained. Maximal subgroups are connected to their minimal supergroups by arrows in both parts of this figure.

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ISSN: 2053-2733
Volume 78| Part 3| May 2022| Pages 172-199
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053273322000845
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