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Figure 3
Geometric explanation for equation (25)[link] for the expected wavenumber. Convergence, orthogonal to [{\bf w}_{{\rm in}}], and wavelength dispersion, in line with [{\bf w}_{{\rm in}}], are indicated as a box to highlight the shearing of the covariance when forming the correlated difference between [{\bf w}_{{\rm in}}] and [{\bf w}_{{\rm out}}] and their respective variances. It can be seen that the length of [\Delta {\bf w}] projected onto [{\bf w}_{{\rm in}}] is [1-\cos{(\theta)}], where [\theta] is the angle of diffraction.

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