organic compounds
The supramolecular structure of 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one (tioxolone)
aSchool of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen AB10 1FR, Scotland
*Correspondence e-mail: p.j.cox@rgu.ac.uk
The planar molecules of 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one, C7H4O3S, are linked by extensive O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and are further stablilized by face-to-face π–π interactions.
Comment
The title compound, (I), also known as tioxolone, has been used in the treatment of acne due to its sulfur content (Lius & Sennerfeldt, 1979). It is reported to possess cytostatic (Goeth & Wildfeuer, 1969), antipsoriatic, antibacterial and antimycotic properties (Wildfeuer, 1970). It is also added to some cosmetics (e.g. hair shampoos and skin cleansers), due to claims for its oil-regulating and antibacterial properties.
The bond lengths and angles in (I) are as expected (Table 1) for this almost planar molecule, where the greatest torsion angle deviation from zero or ±180° is seen for C2—O1—C7—O2 [−177.49 (18)°]. For simple molecules of this kind, with a hydrogen-bond donor group (—OH) at one end and an acceptor (C=O) at the other, it can be predicted that a continuous chain of hydrogen-bonded molecules will be present in the Such is the case for 5-hydroxybenzofuran-(3H)-one (Bocelli & Grenier-Loustalot, 1982). For (I), this is indeed the case, and details of the classical O3—H3⋯O2i hydrogen bond are given in Table 2 [symmetry code: (i) 1 + x, − y, z − ].
Further examination of non-bonded contacts also reveals two intermolecular C—H⋯O bonds (Table 2). Hence, as shown in Fig. 2, each molecule of (I) is linked through six hydrogen bonds to five adjacent molecules. One C—H⋯O bond is arranged as described by graph set R22(8) about inversion centres, as shown in Fig. 3. The other C—H⋯O bond links the O2 keto group to C4; hence atom O2 acts as an acceptor for two H atoms, with an H3⋯O2⋯H4 angle of 120°. The resultant C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding motif may be described as zigzag ribbons. Hydroxy atom O3 acts as both a donor, in forming the continuous chain of classical hydrogen bonds in the [20] direction, and an acceptor, in the formation of the R22(8) rings. Only one H atom in the molecule, namely H5, is not involved in hydrogen bonding.
The three-dimensional framework of (I) is further stabilized by π–π interactions (Steed & Atwood, 2000) between the oxathiolone and benzene rings in partially overlapping molecules (Fig. 4). Here, the is 3.377 (3) Å, the distance between the centroids of the two rings is 3.508 (2) Å, the two centres are offset by 0.961 (2) Å and the interacting molecules are related by unit-cell translations along the short a axis.
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.25, January 2004 update; Allen, 2002) shows that the ring system in (I) is unique among crystal structures examined to date. Similar, but not identical, ring systems which lack classical hydrogen bonding are present in the crystal structures of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-one (Krische et al., 1982) and 3-oxo-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Walter et al., 1978).
Experimental
The title compound was purchased from Sigma and recrystallized from n-butanol. Data were collected on a very small crystal (2 × 10−5 mm3).
Crystal data
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Data collection
Refinement
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Due to the small amount of scattering material, it was necessary to stabilize the position of the hydroxy H atom using distance restraints [O3—H3 = 0.90 (2) Å and H3⋯O2 = 1.90 (2) Å] that led to acceptable geometries. The remaining H atoms were allowed to ride on their attached atoms, with C—H distances constrained to 0.95 Å. For all H atoms, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(parent atom).
Data collection: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell DENZO and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270104008236/bm1566sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104008236/bm1566Isup2.hkl
The title compound was purchased from Sigma and recrystallized from n-butanol. Data were collected on a very small crystal (2 × 10−5mm3).
The hydroxy H atom was refined using distance restraints [O3—H3 0.90 (2) and H3···O2 1.90 (2) Å]. The remaining H atoms were allowed to ride on their attached atoms, with C—H constrained at 0.95 Å. For all H atoms, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(parent atom). From the coeditor: It seems unusual to restrain an intermolecular distance, since these are less predictable than covalently bonded distances. Please provide some justification, and confirm that this intermolecular restraint has not biased the resulting hydrogen-bonding parameters in Table 2.
Data collection: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell
DENZO and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).C7H4O3S | F(000) = 344 |
Mr = 168.16 | Dx = 1.69 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 18478 reflections |
a = 3.7620 (2) Å | θ = 2.9–27.5° |
b = 10.686 (4) Å | µ = 0.43 mm−1 |
c = 16.447 (9) Å | T = 120 K |
β = 91.424 (16)° | Needle, colourless |
V = 661.0 (4) Å3 | 0.1 × 0.02 × 0.01 mm |
Z = 4 |
Enraf Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1174 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ϕ and ω scans to fill Ewald sphere | Rint = 0.08 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.1° |
Tmin = 0.965, Tmax = 1.000 | h = −4→4 |
11482 measured reflections | k = −13→13 |
1502 independent reflections | l = −21→21 |
Refinement on F2 | 2 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0338P)2 + 0.3671P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3 |
1502 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
103 parameters |
C7H4O3S | V = 661.0 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 168.16 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 3.7620 (2) Å | µ = 0.43 mm−1 |
b = 10.686 (4) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 16.447 (9) Å | 0.1 × 0.02 × 0.01 mm |
β = 91.424 (16)° |
Enraf Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1502 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) | 1174 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.965, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.08 |
11482 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 2 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.05 | Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3 |
1502 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
103 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.31869 (13) | 0.12103 (4) | 0.76562 (3) | 0.01635 (16) | |
O1 | 0.2310 (4) | 0.35210 (12) | 0.72071 (8) | 0.0161 (3) | |
O2 | 0.0223 (4) | 0.31042 (13) | 0.84351 (8) | 0.0215 (4) | |
O3 | 0.6947 (4) | 0.34264 (13) | 0.45481 (8) | 0.0211 (4) | |
H3 | 0.802 (6) | 0.2907 (19) | 0.4239 (12) | 0.025* | |
C1 | 0.4639 (5) | 0.35334 (18) | 0.58528 (11) | 0.0151 (4) | |
H1 | 0.4152 | 0.4399 | 0.5781 | 0.018* | |
C2 | 0.3875 (5) | 0.29119 (17) | 0.65601 (11) | 0.0135 (4) | |
C3 | 0.4551 (5) | 0.16607 (18) | 0.66909 (11) | 0.0137 (4) | |
C4 | 0.6082 (5) | 0.09592 (18) | 0.60835 (11) | 0.0156 (4) | |
H4 | 0.6574 | 0.0095 | 0.6161 | 0.019* | |
C5 | 0.6879 (5) | 0.15485 (18) | 0.53593 (11) | 0.0151 (4) | |
H5 | 0.7918 | 0.1082 | 0.4935 | 0.018* | |
C6 | 0.6171 (5) | 0.28151 (18) | 0.52483 (11) | 0.0152 (4) | |
C7 | 0.1683 (5) | 0.27299 (18) | 0.78366 (11) | 0.0157 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0207 (3) | 0.0143 (3) | 0.0141 (2) | −0.0007 (2) | 0.00184 (18) | 0.0018 (2) |
O1 | 0.0218 (8) | 0.0138 (7) | 0.0129 (7) | 0.0011 (5) | 0.0037 (5) | 0.0001 (5) |
O2 | 0.0278 (9) | 0.0192 (8) | 0.0178 (7) | −0.0048 (6) | 0.0093 (6) | −0.0035 (6) |
O3 | 0.0330 (9) | 0.0181 (8) | 0.0125 (7) | 0.0052 (6) | 0.0082 (6) | 0.0022 (6) |
C1 | 0.0178 (10) | 0.0123 (10) | 0.0154 (9) | 0.0002 (8) | 0.0000 (8) | 0.0002 (7) |
C2 | 0.0142 (10) | 0.0136 (10) | 0.0129 (9) | −0.0005 (8) | 0.0004 (7) | −0.0040 (7) |
C3 | 0.0141 (10) | 0.0144 (10) | 0.0124 (9) | −0.0016 (7) | −0.0019 (8) | 0.0030 (7) |
C4 | 0.0160 (10) | 0.0121 (10) | 0.0186 (10) | 0.0035 (8) | −0.0025 (8) | 0.0005 (8) |
C5 | 0.0153 (10) | 0.0164 (10) | 0.0135 (9) | 0.0011 (8) | −0.0001 (8) | −0.0034 (7) |
C6 | 0.0164 (11) | 0.0173 (10) | 0.0119 (9) | 0.0001 (8) | −0.0009 (8) | 0.0012 (8) |
C7 | 0.0165 (10) | 0.0161 (10) | 0.0144 (9) | −0.0038 (8) | 0.0005 (8) | −0.0003 (8) |
S1—C7 | 1.747 (2) | C1—C6 | 1.392 (3) |
S1—C3 | 1.748 (2) | C1—H1 | 0.95 |
O1—C7 | 1.362 (2) | C2—C3 | 1.377 (3) |
O1—C2 | 1.391 (2) | C3—C4 | 1.386 (3) |
O2—C7 | 1.207 (2) | C4—C5 | 1.387 (3) |
O3—C6 | 1.362 (2) | C4—H4 | 0.95 |
O3—H3 | 0.860 (15) | C5—C6 | 1.391 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.376 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.95 |
C7—S1—C3 | 90.11 (9) | C3—C4—C5 | 118.44 (18) |
C7—O1—C2 | 112.08 (15) | C3—C4—H4 | 120.8 |
C6—O3—H3 | 107.7 (15) | C5—C4—H4 | 120.8 |
C2—C1—C6 | 115.89 (18) | C4—C5—C6 | 120.66 (18) |
C2—C1—H1 | 122.1 | C4—C5—H5 | 119.7 |
C6—C1—H1 | 122.1 | C6—C5—H5 | 119.7 |
C1—C2—C3 | 123.99 (17) | O3—C6—C5 | 122.24 (17) |
C1—C2—O1 | 121.49 (17) | O3—C6—C1 | 116.15 (17) |
C3—C2—O1 | 114.52 (16) | C5—C6—C1 | 121.62 (18) |
C2—C3—C4 | 119.41 (17) | O2—C7—O1 | 120.34 (18) |
C2—C3—S1 | 110.61 (14) | O2—C7—S1 | 127.03 (16) |
C4—C3—S1 | 129.97 (15) | O1—C7—S1 | 112.63 (13) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.3 (3) | S1—C3—C4—C5 | 179.12 (15) |
C6—C1—C2—O1 | −179.38 (17) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.3 (3) |
C7—O1—C2—C1 | 178.14 (17) | C4—C5—C6—O3 | 179.41 (18) |
C7—O1—C2—C3 | −1.6 (2) | C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.2 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.2 (3) | C2—C1—C6—O3 | −179.74 (17) |
O1—C2—C3—C4 | 179.49 (17) | C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—S1 | −179.59 (16) | C2—O1—C7—O2 | −177.49 (18) |
O1—C2—C3—S1 | 0.1 (2) | C2—O1—C7—S1 | 2.3 (2) |
C7—S1—C3—C2 | 0.98 (15) | C3—S1—C7—O2 | 177.9 (2) |
C7—S1—C3—C4 | −178.3 (2) | C3—S1—C7—O1 | −1.90 (15) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.1 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H3···O2i | 0.86 (2) | 1.91 (2) | 2.767 (2) | 172 (2) |
C1—H1···O3ii | 0.95 | 2.42 | 3.365 (3) | 174 |
C4—H4···O2iii | 0.95 | 2.53 | 3.437 (3) | 161 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C7H4O3S |
Mr | 168.16 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 3.7620 (2), 10.686 (4), 16.447 (9) |
β (°) | 91.424 (16) |
V (Å3) | 661.0 (4) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.43 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.1 × 0.02 × 0.01 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Enraf Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.965, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 11482, 1502, 1174 |
Rint | 0.08 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.037, 0.083, 1.05 |
No. of reflections | 1502 |
No. of parameters | 103 |
No. of restraints | 2 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.33, −0.30 |
Computer programs: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT (Nonius, 1998), DENZO and COLLECT, SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
S1—C7 | 1.747 (2) | O1—C7 | 1.362 (2) |
S1—C3 | 1.748 (2) | O2—C7 | 1.207 (2) |
C7—S1—C3 | 90.11 (9) | O2—C7—S1 | 127.03 (16) |
C7—O1—C2 | 112.08 (15) | O1—C7—S1 | 112.63 (13) |
C2—C3—S1 | 110.61 (14) | ||
C2—O1—C7—O2 | −177.49 (18) | C2—O1—C7—S1 | 2.3 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H3···O2i | 0.860 (15) | 1.912 (15) | 2.767 (2) | 172 (2) |
C1—H1···O3ii | 0.95 | 2.42 | 3.365 (3) | 174 |
C4—H4···O2iii | 0.95 | 2.53 | 3.437 (3) | 161 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the EPSRC National X-ray Crystallography Service at Southampton University for collecting the data.
References
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The title compound, (I), also known as tioxolone, has been used in the treatment of acne due to its sulfur content (Lius & Sennerfeldt, 1979). It is reported to possess cytostatic (Goeth & Wildfeuer, 1969), antipsoriatic, antibacterial and antimycotic properties (Wildfeuer, 1970). It is also added to some cosmetics (e.g. hair shampoos and skin cleansers), due to claims for its oil-regulating and antibacterial properties. \sch
The bond lengths and angles in (I) are as expected (Table 1) for this almost planar molecule, where the greatest torsion angle deviation from zero or ±180° is seen for C2—O1—C7—O2 [−177.49 (18)°]. For simple molecules of this kind, with a hydrogen-bond donor group (–OH) at one end and an acceptor (C═O) at the other, it can be predicted that a continuous chain of hydrogen-bonded molecules will be present in the crystal lattice. Such is the case for 5-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzofuranone (Bocelli & Grenier-Loustalot, 1982). For (I), this is indeed the case, and details of the classical O3—H3···O2i hydrogen bond are given in Table 2 [symmetry code: (i) 1 + x, 1/2 − y, z − 1/2].
Further examination of non-bonded contacts also reveals two intermolecular C—H···O bonds (Table 2). Hence, as shown in Fig. 2, each molecule of (I) is linked through six hydrogen bonds to five adjacent molecules. One C—H···O bond is arranged as described by graph set R22(8) about inversion centres, as shown in Fig.3. The other C—H···O bond links the O2 keto group to C4, hence atom O2 acts as an acceptor for two H atoms, with H3···O2···H4 120°. The resultant C—H···O hydrogen-bonding motif may be described as zigzag ribbons. The hydroxy atom O3 acts as both a donor, in forming the continuous chain of classical hydrogen bonds in the [201] direction, and as an acceptor, in the formation of the R22(8) rings. Only one H atom in the molecule, namely H5, is not involved in hydrogen bonding.
The three-dimensional framework of (I) is further stabilized by π–π interactions (Steed & Atwood, 2000) between the oxathiolone and phenyl rings in partially overlapping molecules (Fig. 4). Here, the interplanar spacing is 3.377 (3) Å, the distance between the centres of gravity of the two rings is 3.508 (2) Å, the two centres are offset by 0.961 (2) Å and the interacting molecules are related by unit-cell translations along the short a axis.
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version?; Allen, 2002) shows that the ring system in (I) is unique among crystal structures examined to date. Similar, but not identical, ring systems which lack classical hydrogen bonding are present in the crystal structures of 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-one (Krische et al., 1982) and 3-oxo-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Walter et al., 1978).