organic compounds
N-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-nitrophthalimide: tripartite hydrogen-bonded sheets
aSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and cInstituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
Molecules of the title compound, C14H7FN2O4, are linked by two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [H⋯O = 2.42 and 2.44 Å, C⋯O = 3.173 (9) and 3.313 (10) Å, and C—H⋯O = 134 and 157°] into deep tripartite sheets, where the central layer is built from hydrogen-bonded R(24) rings and where the F atoms all lie on the exterior surfaces of the sheets.
Comment
The title compound, (I), was synthesized as part of a study of supramolecular interactions in substituted phthalimides and related compounds. We present here its molecular and
Within the molecule of (I) (Fig. 1), the dihedral angle between the planes of the heterocyclic rings and the fluorinated aryl ring is 50.5 (4)°, while the dihedral angle between the C—NO2 plane and the adjacent carbocyclic ring is 10.3 (4)°. Consequently, the molecules of (I) have no internal symmetry in the solid state, and hence they are chiral in the solid state, although the bulk material in solution is (I) crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric P21. If the crystals form inversion twins, which is common in crystals having non-centrosymmetric space groups (Flack & Bernardinelli, 1999), then both enantiomers will be present in each such twinned crystal, although in the absence of such each crystal will contain only a single so that (I) would, in these circumstances, represent an example of conglomerate crystallization associated with The indeterminate nature of the Flack (1983) parameter in (I) prevents any decision between these possibilities. The bond lengths and angles in (I) present no unusual features.
The molecules of (I) are linked into thick sheets by means of two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 1). Atom C6 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to nitro atom O51 in the molecule at (1 − x, + y, 1 − z), so producing a zigzag C(5) chain (Bernstein et al., 1995) running parallel to the [010] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (, y, ) (Fig. 2). At the same time, adjacent atom C7 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to the other nitro O atom, O52, in the molecule at (x − 1, 1 + y, z), so generating by translation a C(6) chain running parallel to the [10] direction (Fig. 3). The combination of these [010] and [10] chains generates a tripartite sheet occupying the entire domain of z, in which a central hydrogen-bonded layer built from a single type of R(24) ring lies between two outer layers of aryl rings, with the F substituents on the outside surfaces of the layer (Fig. 4).
There are neither C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bonds nor aromatic π–π stacking interactions in the structure of (I). The only possible direction-specific interaction between the sheets, involving a C—H bond in one layer and an F substituent in the adjacent sheet, in fact, has an H⋯F distance (Table 1) far in excess of those associated with non-trivial interaction energies in C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds (Howard et al., 1996). Accordingly, any possible structural significance of this H⋯F contact can be discounted, so that the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure of (I) is strictly two-dimensional.
The form of the supramolecular structure, as deep sheets partially coated with F, is reflected in the macroscopic behaviour of the crystals, which form very thin flakes which are highly hydrophobic and which when rubbed between the fingers leave a distinctly greasy coating.
Experimental
An equimolar mixture of very finely divided 4-fluoroaniline and 4-nitrophthalimide was heated on an electric hotplate, in the absence of solvent, until the evolution of water had ceased. The reaction product was cooled and dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane. ). After repeated attempts to obtain crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction, some very thin flakes of rather indifferent quality and markedly waxy consistency were finally obtained from ethanol. A number of these crystals were investigated before any satisfactory diffraction data were obtained.
was added, and the mixture was then filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave compound (ICrystal data
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Refinement
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The P21 and P21/m as possible space groups; P21 was selected and confirmed by the subsequent structure analysis. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). In the absence of significant the Flack (1983) parameter was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000). Accordingly, the Friedel-equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinement.
permittedData collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999); cell DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270104013575/sk1736sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104013575/sk1736Isup2.hkl
An equimolar mixture of very finely divided 4-fluoroaniline and 4-nitrophthalimide was heated on an electric hotplate, in the absence of solvent, until the evolution of water had ceased. The reaction product was cooled and dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane.
was added, and the mixture was then filtered. Evaporation of the solvent then gave compound (I). After repeated attempts to obtain crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction, some very thin flakes of rather indifferent quality and a markedly waxy consistency were finally obtained from ethanol. A number of these crystals were investigated before any satisfactory diffraction data were obtained.The
permitted P21 and P21/m as possible space groups. P21 was selected and confirmed by the subsequent structure analysis. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). In the absence of significant the (Flack, 1983) was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000). Accordingly, the Friedel-equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinement.Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999); cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).C14H7FN2O4 | F(000) = 292 |
Mr = 286.22 | Dx = 1.582 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 1099 reflections |
a = 3.7492 (13) Å | θ = 3.5–25.0° |
b = 6.9376 (14) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
c = 23.099 (8) Å | T = 120 K |
β = 90.118 (11)° | Plate, yellow |
V = 600.8 (3) Å3 | 0.15 × 0.08 × 0.02 mm |
Z = 2 |
Bruker-Nonius 95mm CCD camera on κ-goniostat diffractometer | 1099 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker-Nonius FR591 rotating anode | 757 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.114 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 3.5° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −4→4 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −7→7 |
Tmin = 0.976, Tmax = 0.997 | l = −27→27 |
4455 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.070 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.154 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0761P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1099 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
190 parameters | Δρmax = 0.26 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3 |
C14H7FN2O4 | V = 600.8 (3) Å3 |
Mr = 286.22 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 3.7492 (13) Å | µ = 0.13 mm−1 |
b = 6.9376 (14) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 23.099 (8) Å | 0.15 × 0.08 × 0.02 mm |
β = 90.118 (11)° |
Bruker-Nonius 95mm CCD camera on κ-goniostat diffractometer | 1099 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 757 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.976, Tmax = 0.997 | Rint = 0.114 |
4455 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.070 | 1 restraint |
wR(F2) = 0.154 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.26 e Å−3 |
1099 reflections | Δρmin = −0.24 e Å−3 |
190 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.8373 (15) | 0.5621 (8) | 0.2351 (2) | 0.0324 (14) | |
C1 | 0.693 (2) | 0.6393 (11) | 0.2848 (3) | 0.0344 (17) | |
O1 | 0.5499 (14) | 0.7969 (7) | 0.2890 (2) | 0.0426 (13) | |
C2 | 0.9774 (19) | 0.3779 (12) | 0.2444 (3) | 0.0366 (19) | |
O2 | 1.1382 (14) | 0.2786 (7) | 0.2098 (2) | 0.0411 (13) | |
C3 | 0.901 (2) | 0.3314 (10) | 0.3067 (3) | 0.0381 (19) | |
C4 | 0.974 (2) | 0.1666 (11) | 0.3377 (3) | 0.0356 (18) | |
C5 | 0.862 (2) | 0.1736 (11) | 0.3950 (3) | 0.0354 (18) | |
N5 | 0.9341 (16) | 0.0010 (9) | 0.4310 (3) | 0.0413 (16) | |
O51 | 0.7959 (16) | −0.0063 (9) | 0.4793 (2) | 0.0536 (15) | |
O52 | 1.1204 (16) | −0.1251 (7) | 0.4115 (2) | 0.0524 (15) | |
C6 | 0.703 (2) | 0.3298 (11) | 0.4214 (3) | 0.040 (2) | |
C7 | 0.633 (2) | 0.4936 (12) | 0.3887 (3) | 0.0397 (18) | |
C8 | 0.733 (2) | 0.4914 (11) | 0.3306 (3) | 0.0400 (19) | |
C11 | 0.836 (2) | 0.6548 (11) | 0.1781 (3) | 0.0364 (18) | |
C12 | 0.712 (2) | 0.5539 (11) | 0.1311 (3) | 0.0379 (18) | |
C13 | 0.708 (2) | 0.6435 (12) | 0.0778 (3) | 0.044 (2) | |
C14 | 0.833 (2) | 0.8282 (12) | 0.0739 (3) | 0.043 (2) | |
F14 | 0.8358 (13) | 0.9151 (6) | 0.02062 (18) | 0.0593 (14) | |
C15 | 0.958 (2) | 0.9307 (11) | 0.1198 (3) | 0.046 (2) | |
C16 | 0.965 (2) | 0.8390 (10) | 0.1744 (3) | 0.042 (2) | |
H1 | 1.0388 | 1.0597 | 0.1153 | 0.055* | |
H4 | 1.0912 | 0.0579 | 0.3214 | 0.043* | |
H6 | 0.6415 | 0.3254 | 0.4612 | 0.049* | |
H7 | 0.5217 | 0.6034 | 0.4053 | 0.048* | |
H12 | 0.6303 | 0.4249 | 0.1351 | 0.046* | |
H13 | 0.6212 | 0.5783 | 0.0445 | 0.053* | |
H16 | 1.0557 | 0.9033 | 0.2076 | 0.050* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.025 (3) | 0.039 (4) | 0.033 (3) | −0.002 (3) | 0.001 (3) | 0.005 (3) |
C1 | 0.034 (4) | 0.029 (4) | 0.041 (4) | −0.004 (3) | −0.001 (3) | −0.007 (3) |
O1 | 0.050 (4) | 0.036 (3) | 0.042 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C2 | 0.025 (4) | 0.045 (5) | 0.040 (4) | −0.007 (4) | 0.001 (3) | 0.000 (4) |
O2 | 0.047 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.042 (3) | −0.003 (3) | 0.007 (3) | −0.004 (2) |
C3 | 0.048 (5) | 0.028 (5) | 0.038 (4) | −0.003 (3) | 0.006 (4) | −0.002 (3) |
C4 | 0.030 (5) | 0.036 (4) | 0.041 (5) | −0.004 (3) | 0.003 (3) | −0.003 (4) |
C5 | 0.025 (4) | 0.038 (4) | 0.044 (5) | −0.003 (3) | 0.003 (3) | 0.001 (4) |
N5 | 0.039 (4) | 0.040 (4) | 0.045 (4) | −0.007 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.002 (3) |
O51 | 0.063 (4) | 0.057 (4) | 0.042 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.014 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
O52 | 0.061 (4) | 0.040 (3) | 0.056 (4) | 0.013 (3) | 0.010 (3) | 0.002 (3) |
C6 | 0.045 (5) | 0.047 (5) | 0.029 (4) | 0.007 (4) | 0.000 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
C7 | 0.037 (5) | 0.048 (5) | 0.035 (4) | 0.007 (4) | 0.004 (3) | −0.007 (4) |
C8 | 0.042 (5) | 0.039 (4) | 0.039 (4) | −0.004 (4) | −0.008 (4) | 0.003 (4) |
C11 | 0.034 (5) | 0.042 (5) | 0.033 (4) | −0.001 (4) | 0.003 (3) | 0.004 (3) |
C12 | 0.041 (5) | 0.034 (4) | 0.039 (4) | 0.001 (3) | 0.000 (3) | −0.003 (3) |
C13 | 0.044 (5) | 0.044 (5) | 0.045 (5) | 0.001 (4) | 0.004 (4) | −0.003 (4) |
C14 | 0.048 (5) | 0.050 (6) | 0.030 (4) | 0.009 (4) | −0.003 (4) | 0.003 (4) |
F14 | 0.073 (4) | 0.066 (3) | 0.039 (3) | −0.002 (3) | 0.003 (2) | 0.011 (2) |
C15 | 0.057 (6) | 0.035 (5) | 0.046 (5) | 0.001 (4) | −0.001 (4) | 0.011 (3) |
C16 | 0.049 (6) | 0.034 (5) | 0.042 (4) | 0.004 (3) | −0.004 (4) | 0.003 (3) |
N1—C1 | 1.378 (9) | C6—C7 | 1.389 (11) |
N1—C2 | 1.398 (10) | C6—H6 | 0.95 |
N1—C11 | 1.465 (9) | C7—C8 | 1.392 (10) |
C1—O1 | 1.221 (9) | C7—H7 | 0.95 |
C1—C8 | 1.482 (10) | C11—C16 | 1.369 (11) |
C2—O2 | 1.216 (9) | C11—C12 | 1.373 (10) |
C2—C3 | 1.502 (10) | C12—C13 | 1.379 (10) |
C3—C4 | 1.377 (10) | C12—H12 | 0.95 |
C3—C8 | 1.392 (10) | C13—C14 | 1.366 (12) |
C4—C5 | 1.391 (9) | C13—H13 | 0.95 |
C4—H4 | 0.95 | C14—C15 | 1.360 (10) |
C5—C6 | 1.379 (10) | C14—F14 | 1.372 (8) |
C5—N5 | 1.483 (10) | C15—C16 | 1.412 (10) |
N5—O52 | 1.208 (8) | C15—H1 | 0.95 |
N5—O51 | 1.233 (7) | C16—H16 | 0.95 |
C1—N1—C2 | 112.1 (6) | C6—C7—C8 | 117.6 (7) |
C1—N1—C11 | 125.2 (6) | C6—C7—H7 | 121.2 |
C2—N1—C11 | 122.7 (6) | C8—C7—H7 | 121.2 |
O1—C1—N1 | 125.9 (7) | C7—C8—C3 | 121.0 (7) |
O1—C1—C8 | 127.4 (7) | C7—C8—C1 | 130.8 (7) |
N1—C1—C8 | 106.6 (6) | C3—C8—C1 | 108.2 (6) |
O2—C2—N1 | 127.1 (7) | C16—C11—C12 | 123.0 (7) |
O2—C2—C3 | 127.1 (7) | C16—C11—N1 | 117.7 (7) |
N1—C2—C3 | 105.7 (6) | C12—C11—N1 | 119.2 (7) |
C4—C3—C8 | 123.0 (7) | C11—C12—C13 | 118.6 (7) |
C4—C3—C2 | 129.7 (7) | C11—C12—H12 | 120.7 |
C8—C3—C2 | 107.3 (6) | C13—C12—H12 | 120.7 |
C3—C4—C5 | 113.9 (7) | C14—C13—C12 | 118.6 (7) |
C3—C4—H4 | 123.0 | C14—C13—H13 | 120.7 |
C5—C4—H4 | 123.0 | C12—C13—H13 | 120.7 |
C6—C5—C4 | 125.5 (7) | C15—C14—C13 | 123.9 (7) |
C6—C5—N5 | 117.7 (6) | C15—C14—F14 | 117.8 (7) |
C4—C5—N5 | 116.7 (7) | C13—C14—F14 | 118.3 (7) |
O52—N5—O51 | 123.6 (6) | C14—C15—C16 | 117.7 (7) |
O52—N5—C5 | 118.8 (6) | C14—C15—H1 | 121.1 |
O51—N5—C5 | 117.7 (6) | C16—C15—H1 | 121.1 |
C5—C6—C7 | 118.9 (7) | C11—C16—C15 | 118.1 (7) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.6 | C11—C16—H16 | 120.9 |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.6 | C15—C16—H16 | 120.9 |
C2—N1—C1—O1 | −179.3 (7) | C6—C7—C8—C1 | 179.2 (7) |
C11—N1—C1—O1 | −1.6 (11) | C4—C3—C8—C7 | 1.0 (11) |
C2—N1—C1—C8 | −1.5 (7) | C2—C3—C8—C7 | −178.9 (7) |
C11—N1—C1—C8 | 176.2 (6) | C4—C3—C8—C1 | −179.1 (7) |
C1—N1—C2—O2 | −175.7 (7) | C2—C3—C8—C1 | 1.0 (8) |
C11—N1—C2—O2 | 6.6 (11) | O1—C1—C8—C7 | −2.2 (13) |
C1—N1—C2—C3 | 2.1 (7) | N1—C1—C8—C7 | −179.9 (7) |
C11—N1—C2—C3 | −175.6 (6) | O1—C1—C8—C3 | 177.9 (7) |
O2—C2—C3—C4 | −3.9 (13) | N1—C1—C8—C3 | 0.2 (8) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | 178.3 (7) | C1—N1—C11—C16 | 52.6 (10) |
O2—C2—C3—C8 | 175.9 (7) | C2—N1—C11—C16 | −130.0 (7) |
N1—C2—C3—C8 | −1.9 (7) | C1—N1—C11—C12 | −128.4 (8) |
C8—C3—C4—C5 | 0.7 (10) | C2—N1—C11—C12 | 49.0 (10) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −179.5 (7) | C16—C11—C12—C13 | −1.7 (12) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −2.5 (10) | N1—C11—C12—C13 | 179.3 (7) |
C3—C4—C5—N5 | −179.6 (7) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.9 (11) |
C6—C5—N5—O52 | −168.8 (7) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | −0.6 (13) |
C4—C5—N5—O52 | 8.6 (9) | C12—C13—C14—F14 | 178.6 (7) |
C6—C5—N5—O51 | 12.0 (10) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 1.0 (13) |
C4—C5—N5—O51 | −170.6 (6) | F14—C14—C15—C16 | −178.2 (7) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 2.6 (11) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | 2.1 (12) |
N5—C5—C6—C7 | 179.7 (7) | N1—C11—C16—C15 | −178.9 (7) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −0.7 (11) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | −1.7 (12) |
C6—C7—C8—C3 | −1.0 (10) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6···O51i | 0.95 | 2.44 | 3.173 (9) | 134 |
C7—H7···O52ii | 0.95 | 2.42 | 3.313 (10) | 157 |
C13—H13···F14iii | 0.95 | 2.54 | 3.438 (9) | 157 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (ii) x−1, y+1, z; (iii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C14H7FN2O4 |
Mr | 286.22 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21 |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 3.7492 (13), 6.9376 (14), 23.099 (8) |
β (°) | 90.118 (11) |
V (Å3) | 600.8 (3) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.13 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.15 × 0.08 × 0.02 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker-Nonius 95mm CCD camera on κ-goniostat diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.976, 0.997 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4455, 1099, 757 |
Rint | 0.114 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.070, 0.154, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 1099 |
No. of parameters | 190 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.26, −0.24 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO and COLLECT, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6···O51i | 0.95 | 2.44 | 3.173 (9) | 134 |
C7—H7···O52ii | 0.95 | 2.42 | 3.313 (10) | 157 |
C13—H13···F14iii | 0.95 | 2.54 | 3.438 (9) | 157 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (ii) x−1, y+1, z; (iii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
The X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC X-ray Crystallographic Service, University of Southampton, England; the authors thank the staff for all their help and advice. JNL thanks NCR Self-Service, Dundee, for grants which have provided computing facilities for this work. JLW thanks CNPq and FAPERJ for financial support.
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The title compound, (I), was synthesized as part of a study of supramolecular interactions in substituted phthalimides and related compounds. We present here its molecular and crystal structure. \sch
Within the molecule of (I) (Fig. 1), the dihedral angle between the planes of the heterocyclic rings and the fluorinated aryl ring is 50.5 (4)°, while the dihedral angle between the C—NO2 plane and the adjacent carbocyclic ring is 10.3 (4)°. Consequently, the molecules of (I) have no internal symmetry in the solid state, and hence they are chiral in the solid state, although the bulk material in solution is racemic. Compound (I) crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P21. If the crystals form inversion twins, which is common in crystals having non-centrosymmetric space groups (Flack & Bernardinelli, 1999), then both enantiomers will be present in each such twinned crystal, although in the absence of such twinning, each crystal will contain only a single enantiomer, so that (I) would, in these circumstances, represent an example of conglomerate crystallization associated with spontaneous resolution. The indeterminate nature of the Flack parameter (Flack, 1983) in (I) prevents any decision between these possibilities. The bond lengths and angles in (I) present no unusual features.
The molecules of (I) are linked into thick sheets by means of two C—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 1). Atom C6 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to nitro atom O51 in the molecule at (1 − x, 1/2 + y, 1 − z), so producing a zigzag C(5) chain (Bernstein et al., 1995) running parallel to the [010] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (1/2, y, 1/2) (Fig. 2). At the same time, the adjacent atom C7 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to the other nitro O atom, O52, in the molecule at (x − 1, 1 + y, z), so generating by translation a C(6) chain running parallel to the [110] direction (Fig. 3). The combination of these [010] and [110] chains generates a tripartite sheet occupying the entire domain of z, in which a central hydrogen-bonded layer built from a single type of R66(24) ring lies between two outer layers of aryl rings, with the F substituents on the outside surfaces of the layer (Fig. 4).
There are neither C—H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds nor aromatic π–π stacking interactions in the structure of (I). The only possible direction-specific interaction between the sheets, involving a C—H bond in one layer and an F substituent in the adjacent sheet, in fact has an H···F distance (Table 1) far in excess of those associated with non-trivial interaction energies in C—H···F hydrogen bonds (Howard et al., 1996). Accordingly, any possible structural significance of this H···F contact can be discounted, so that the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure of (I) is strictly two-dimensional.
The form of the supramolecular structure, as deep sheets partially coated with F, is reflected in the macroscopic behaviour of the crystals, which form very thin flakes which are highly hydrophobic and which when rubbed between the fingers leave a distinctly greasy coating.
Table 1. Parameters (Å, °) for hydrogen bonds and short intermolecular contacts in compound (I)