organic compounds
Hydrogen-bonded dimers in 2-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone and a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework in 3-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone
aSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and cInstituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
Molecules of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, C7H7N3O2, where Z′ = 2, are linked by two N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into isolated dimers, whereas in the isomeric 3-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, where Z′ = 1, the molecules are linked by one N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and one N—H⋯N hydrogen bond into a three-dimensional framework structure.
Comment
We report here the structures of the isomeric title compounds, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, (I) (Fig. 1), and 3-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, (II) (Fig. 2), and compare their supramolecular structures with that of the further isomer 4-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, (III), which was reported recently (Glidewell et al., 2004).
All three isomers crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups with unit cells having short a dimensions [in (III), a = 3.7070 (2) Å in Pc], and in all three isomers the molecules are essentially planar, with the E configuration at the C=N double bond. The bond lengths and angles are all normal for their types (Allen et al., 1987). However, the patterns of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are all different, with N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in (I), N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in (III), and both N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in (II). Moreover, the dimensionality of the resulting supramolecular structures is different for all three isomers, being finite (zero-dimensional) in (I), three-dimensional in (II) and two-dimensional in (III).
In compound (I), the molecules are linked by two independent N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds (Table 1) to form an R22(6) (Bernstein et al., 1995) dimer (Fig. 1). The marked differences in the dimensions of the two hydrogen bonds are sufficient to preclude the possibility of any additional symmetry. There are four of these dimeric units in each but there are no direction-specific interactions between these units. In view of the excess of potential hydrogen-bond acceptors in this system, in the form of the nitro-group O atoms, the non-participation in the hydrogen bonding of half of the N—H bonds is unexpected.
The molecules of compound (II) (Fig. 2) are linked by two hydrogen bonds, one each of the N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N types (Table 2), into a three-dimensional framework structure, the formation of which is most readily analysed in terms of three distinct one-dimensional substructures. Two of these substructures each utilize just one of the hydrogen bonds, whereas the third utilizes both hydrogen bonds. In the first of the substructures utilizing only one hydrogen bond, atom N12 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor, via atom H12A, to nitro atom O31 in the molecule at ( − x, 1 − y, + z), so forming a C(9) chain running parallel to the [001] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (, , z) (Fig. 3). In the second of this type, atom N12 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor, via atom H12B, to atom N12 in the molecule at (x − , − y, 1 − z), so forming a C(2) chain parallel to the [100] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (x, , ) (Fig. 4).
The third one-dimensional ) contains alternating N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Atom N12 in the molecule at ( − x, 1 − y, + z) acts as donor, via atom H12B, to atom N12 in the molecule at (1 − x, y − , − z), and atom N12 in this molecule acts as donor, via atom H12A, to nitro atom O31 in the molecule at ( + x, − y, 1 − z). Finally, atom N12 at ( + x, − y, 1 − z) acts as donor, via atom H12B, to atom N12 in the molecule at (x, y − 1, z). This combination of the two hydrogen bonds thus generates a C22(11) chain running parallel to the [010] direction (Fig. 5).
in (IIThe pairwise combination of these one-dimensional substructures generates two-dimensional substructures. For example, the combination of the [010] and [001] chains generates a (100) sheet (Fig. 6) in the form of a (6,3)-net (Batten & Robson, 1998) built from a single type of R66(40) ring, and the formation of this net in (II) may be contrasted with the formation of a (4,4)-net parallel to (102) in compound (III). The combination of all three of the one-dimensional motifs in (II) suffices to generate a single three-dimensional framework.
Isomers (I)–(III) can all be regarded as chain-extended analogues of the simple isomeric nitroanilines (IV)–(VI), and it is of interest to compare the supramolecular structures of (I)–(III) with their aniline analogues. In (IV), where Z′ = 2 in P21/n (Dhaneshwar et al., 1978), the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into simple C22(12) chains. In (V) (Ploug-Sørensen & Andersen, 1986), a combination of N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds generates a (4,4)-net of R44(18) rings, while in (VI) (Tonogaki et al., 1993), the molecules are linked by two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into (4,4)-nets of R44(22) rings. Hence, the patterns of the hydrogen bonds employed, as well as the resulting supramolecular structures, are different in each of (IV)–(VI).
Much effort continues to be expended in attempts to predict the crystal structures of simple organic compounds (Lommerse et al., 2000; Motherwell et al., 2002). Variations in supramolecular aggregation behaviour within a series of isomeric compounds, such as those of (I)–(III) described here or of (IV)–(VI), provide a keen test of computational methods for prediction. The accurate prediction of behaviour, especially the correct prediction of space groups and the particular hydrogen bonds involved within such series of isomeric species, would generate real confidence in the efficacy of the predictive methods employed.
Experimental
Compounds (I) and (II) were prepared by heating under reflux for 1 h a solution of the appropriate nitrobenzaldehyde (5 g) and hydrazine hydrate (10 g) in ethanol (50 ml). After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixtures were diluted with water (50 ml) and then extracted with CHCl3. These extracts were dried and evaporated, and the resulting solids were recrystallized from ethanol to yield (I) (m.p. 348–349 K) and (II) (m.p. 381–383 K). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were selected directly from the prepared samples.
Compound (I)
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Compound (II)
Crystal data
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Data collection
Refinement
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For each of compounds (I) and (II), the P212121 was uniquely assigned from the All H atoms were located from difference Fourier maps and subsequently treated as riding. H atoms bonded to N atoms were allowed to ride at the N—H distances identified from the difference maps, namely 0.95 Å in (I) and 0.88 Å in (II), with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N). H atoms bonded to C atoms were constrained to C—H distances of 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). In the absence of significant the values of the Flack (1983) parameters were both indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000), and hence the correct for the crystals under study could not be established (Jones, 1986), although this has no chemical significance. Accordingly, Friedel-equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinements for both (I) and (II).
For compound (I), data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT. For compound (II), data collection: KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997); cell DENZO–SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO–SMN. For both compounds, program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270104018323/sk1751sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I, II. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104018323/sk1751Isup2.hkl
Structure factors: contains datablock II. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104018323/sk1751IIsup3.hkl
Compounds (I) and (II) were prepared by heating under reflux for 1 h a solution of the appropriate nitrobenzaldehyde (5 g) and hydrazine hydrate (10 g) in ethanol (50 ml). After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixtures were diluted with water (50 ml) and then extracted with CHCl3. These extracts were dried and evaporated, and the resulting solids were recrystallized from ethanol to yield (I) (m.p. 348–349 K) and (II) (m.p. 381–383 K). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were selected directly from the prepared samples.
For each of compounds (I) and (II), the
P212121 was uniquely assigned from the All H atoms were located from difference Fourier maps and subsequently treated as riding. H atoms bonded to N atoms were allowed to ride at the N—H distances identified from the difference maps, namely 0.95 in (I) and 0.88 Å in (II), with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N). H atoms bonded to C atoms were constrained to C—H distances of 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). In the absence of significant the values of the Flack parameters (Flack, 1983) were both indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000), and hence the correct for the crystals under study could not be established (Jones, 1986), although this has no chemical significance. Accordingly, Friedel-equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final refinements for both (I) and (II).Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998) for (I); KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997) for (II). Cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT for (I); DENZO-SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) for (II). Data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT for (I); DENZO-SMN for (II). For both compounds, program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).C7H7N3O2 | F(000) = 688 |
Mr = 165.16 | Dx = 1.490 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 1913 reflections |
a = 3.6675 (2) Å | θ = 3.0–27.5° |
b = 13.938 (1) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
c = 28.796 (2) Å | T = 120 K |
V = 1471.98 (17) Å3 | Needle, yellow |
Z = 8 | 0.25 × 0.04 × 0.03 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1966 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker-Nonius FR591 rotating anode | 1247 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.089 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.0° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −4→4 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −18→17 |
Tmin = 0.957, Tmax = 0.997 | l = −29→37 |
11485 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0557P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1966 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
217 parameters | Δρmax = 0.26 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
C7H7N3O2 | V = 1471.98 (17) Å3 |
Mr = 165.16 | Z = 8 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 3.6675 (2) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
b = 13.938 (1) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 28.796 (2) Å | 0.25 × 0.04 × 0.03 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1966 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 1247 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.957, Tmax = 0.997 | Rint = 0.089 |
11485 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | Δρmax = 0.26 e Å−3 |
1966 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
217 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O121 | 0.3788 (8) | 0.57305 (19) | 0.21737 (8) | 0.0363 (7) | |
O122 | 0.1489 (7) | 0.43544 (18) | 0.19754 (8) | 0.0351 (7) | |
N12 | 0.3021 (8) | 0.4885 (2) | 0.22558 (10) | 0.0273 (8) | |
N111 | 0.3380 (8) | 0.6613 (2) | 0.34288 (9) | 0.0239 (7) | |
N112 | 0.1967 (9) | 0.7536 (2) | 0.34051 (10) | 0.0272 (7) | |
C11 | 0.3873 (9) | 0.5054 (2) | 0.31038 (12) | 0.0211 (8) | |
C12 | 0.4042 (9) | 0.4481 (3) | 0.27080 (12) | 0.0218 (9) | |
C13 | 0.5208 (10) | 0.3539 (2) | 0.27126 (12) | 0.0246 (9) | |
C14 | 0.6352 (10) | 0.3139 (3) | 0.31273 (13) | 0.0263 (9) | |
C15 | 0.6296 (9) | 0.3696 (3) | 0.35277 (12) | 0.0253 (9) | |
C16 | 0.5031 (10) | 0.4625 (2) | 0.35167 (12) | 0.0230 (8) | |
C111 | 0.2417 (9) | 0.6037 (2) | 0.31072 (11) | 0.0197 (8) | |
O221 | 0.5167 (8) | 0.97131 (18) | 0.54339 (8) | 0.0335 (7) | |
O222 | 0.7442 (7) | 1.11511 (18) | 0.54211 (8) | 0.0324 (7) | |
N22 | 0.5886 (8) | 1.0468 (2) | 0.52335 (10) | 0.0265 (8) | |
N211 | 0.5040 (9) | 0.8109 (2) | 0.43403 (9) | 0.0230 (7) | |
N212 | 0.6363 (9) | 0.7219 (2) | 0.44723 (9) | 0.0271 (8) | |
C21 | 0.4771 (9) | 0.9795 (2) | 0.44440 (11) | 0.0196 (8) | |
C22 | 0.4795 (10) | 1.0581 (2) | 0.47445 (11) | 0.0200 (8) | |
C23 | 0.3720 (9) | 1.1491 (3) | 0.46149 (12) | 0.0237 (8) | |
C24 | 0.2427 (9) | 1.1631 (3) | 0.41685 (11) | 0.0252 (9) | |
C25 | 0.2295 (9) | 1.0874 (3) | 0.38627 (12) | 0.0245 (9) | |
C26 | 0.3488 (9) | 0.9972 (3) | 0.39936 (11) | 0.0232 (9) | |
C211 | 0.6137 (9) | 0.8837 (3) | 0.45700 (11) | 0.0208 (8) | |
H111 | 0.0775 | 0.6241 | 0.2872 | 0.024* | |
H11A | −0.0402 | 0.7507 | 0.3272 | 0.033* | |
H11B | 0.2128 | 0.7844 | 0.3699 | 0.033* | |
H13 | 0.5224 | 0.3171 | 0.2435 | 0.030* | |
H14 | 0.7165 | 0.2493 | 0.3138 | 0.032* | |
H15 | 0.7141 | 0.3433 | 0.3812 | 0.030* | |
H16 | 0.4944 | 0.4984 | 0.3797 | 0.028* | |
H211 | 0.7813 | 0.8761 | 0.4819 | 0.025* | |
H21A | 0.8664 | 0.7266 | 0.4622 | 0.033* | |
H21B | 0.6226 | 0.6786 | 0.4218 | 0.033* | |
H23 | 0.3864 | 1.2011 | 0.4828 | 0.028* | |
H24 | 0.1632 | 1.2249 | 0.4073 | 0.030* | |
H25 | 0.1374 | 1.0971 | 0.3558 | 0.029* | |
H26 | 0.3438 | 0.9463 | 0.3774 | 0.028* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O121 | 0.0566 (18) | 0.0234 (16) | 0.0289 (14) | −0.0054 (14) | 0.0039 (14) | 0.0057 (13) |
O122 | 0.0365 (15) | 0.0414 (18) | 0.0272 (14) | −0.0043 (14) | −0.0088 (13) | −0.0046 (13) |
N12 | 0.0255 (17) | 0.034 (2) | 0.0228 (16) | 0.0021 (16) | 0.0032 (14) | 0.0003 (17) |
N111 | 0.0243 (15) | 0.0180 (18) | 0.0294 (16) | 0.0022 (15) | 0.0040 (15) | 0.0010 (15) |
N112 | 0.0320 (17) | 0.0214 (18) | 0.0282 (16) | 0.0019 (15) | −0.0025 (15) | −0.0027 (14) |
C11 | 0.0172 (18) | 0.020 (2) | 0.0262 (19) | −0.0006 (16) | 0.0020 (15) | 0.0013 (17) |
C12 | 0.020 (2) | 0.024 (2) | 0.0220 (18) | −0.0026 (16) | 0.0019 (16) | 0.0008 (18) |
C13 | 0.0239 (18) | 0.024 (2) | 0.0261 (19) | −0.0033 (18) | 0.0060 (17) | −0.0035 (18) |
C14 | 0.0238 (18) | 0.017 (2) | 0.038 (2) | 0.0024 (17) | −0.0011 (19) | 0.0022 (18) |
C15 | 0.0194 (18) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0259 (19) | 0.0005 (17) | 0.0008 (16) | 0.0035 (18) |
C16 | 0.0227 (17) | 0.022 (2) | 0.0244 (19) | −0.0009 (18) | 0.0002 (16) | −0.0019 (17) |
C111 | 0.0190 (19) | 0.023 (2) | 0.0171 (16) | −0.0015 (16) | 0.0005 (15) | −0.0020 (17) |
O221 | 0.0520 (17) | 0.0234 (16) | 0.0250 (13) | −0.0048 (14) | 0.0017 (14) | 0.0043 (13) |
O222 | 0.0428 (16) | 0.0253 (16) | 0.0290 (13) | −0.0094 (13) | −0.0083 (14) | −0.0079 (13) |
N22 | 0.0269 (18) | 0.028 (2) | 0.0248 (16) | 0.0034 (15) | 0.0009 (14) | −0.0021 (17) |
N211 | 0.0294 (16) | 0.0166 (17) | 0.0229 (15) | 0.0046 (16) | 0.0000 (14) | 0.0007 (14) |
N212 | 0.0333 (17) | 0.0198 (19) | 0.0283 (17) | 0.0039 (15) | −0.0029 (15) | 0.0008 (14) |
C21 | 0.0144 (16) | 0.021 (2) | 0.0235 (18) | −0.0057 (16) | 0.0022 (15) | −0.0030 (16) |
C22 | 0.0221 (18) | 0.018 (2) | 0.0200 (17) | −0.0024 (16) | 0.0015 (16) | 0.0032 (17) |
C23 | 0.0227 (18) | 0.018 (2) | 0.0299 (19) | −0.0011 (17) | 0.0030 (17) | −0.0030 (18) |
C24 | 0.0223 (19) | 0.022 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.0026 (17) | 0.0000 (17) | 0.0049 (19) |
C25 | 0.0216 (19) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0227 (18) | 0.0032 (17) | −0.0011 (16) | 0.0044 (18) |
C26 | 0.0220 (18) | 0.024 (2) | 0.0236 (19) | 0.0000 (18) | −0.0002 (17) | −0.0036 (17) |
C211 | 0.0215 (18) | 0.022 (2) | 0.0192 (17) | 0.0005 (17) | 0.0003 (16) | 0.0022 (18) |
C11—C12 | 1.393 (5) | C21—C22 | 1.396 (4) |
C11—C16 | 1.397 (4) | C21—C26 | 1.402 (4) |
C11—C111 | 1.471 (4) | C21—C211 | 1.472 (5) |
C111—N111 | 1.276 (4) | C211—N211 | 1.276 (4) |
C111—H111 | 0.95 | C211—H211 | 0.95 |
N111—N112 | 1.388 (4) | N211—N212 | 1.385 (4) |
N112—H11A | 0.95 | N212—H21A | 0.95 |
N112—H11B | 0.95 | N212—H21B | 0.95 |
C12—C13 | 1.380 (5) | C22—C23 | 1.380 (4) |
C12—N12 | 1.468 (4) | C22—N22 | 1.472 (4) |
N12—O122 | 1.231 (4) | N22—O221 | 1.228 (3) |
N12—O121 | 1.234 (4) | N22—O222 | 1.235 (3) |
C13—C14 | 1.383 (5) | C23—C24 | 1.384 (5) |
C13—H13 | 0.95 | C23—H23 | 0.95 |
C14—C15 | 1.390 (5) | C24—C25 | 1.375 (5) |
C14—H14 | 0.95 | C24—H24 | 0.95 |
C15—C16 | 1.375 (5) | C25—C26 | 1.383 (5) |
C15—H15 | 0.95 | C25—H25 | 0.95 |
C16—H16 | 0.95 | C26—H26 | 0.95 |
C12—C11—C16 | 115.9 (3) | C22—C21—C26 | 115.9 (3) |
C12—C11—C111 | 123.8 (3) | C22—C21—C211 | 123.9 (3) |
C16—C11—C111 | 120.2 (3) | C26—C21—C211 | 120.1 (3) |
N111—C111—C11 | 119.4 (3) | N211—C211—C21 | 119.1 (3) |
N111—C111—H111 | 120.3 | N211—C211—H211 | 120.5 |
C11—C111—H111 | 120.3 | C21—C211—H211 | 120.5 |
C111—N111—N112 | 116.4 (3) | C211—N211—N212 | 117.3 (3) |
N111—N112—H11A | 108.8 | N211—N212—H21A | 112.0 |
N111—N112—H11B | 110.6 | N211—N212—H21B | 109.8 |
H11A—N112—H11B | 115.7 | H21A—N212—H21B | 116.1 |
C13—C12—C11 | 123.4 (3) | C23—C22—C21 | 123.5 (3) |
C13—C12—N12 | 116.9 (3) | C23—C22—N22 | 115.8 (3) |
C11—C12—N12 | 119.6 (3) | C21—C22—N22 | 120.7 (3) |
O122—N12—O121 | 123.5 (3) | O221—N22—O222 | 123.6 (3) |
O122—N12—C12 | 117.9 (3) | O221—N22—C22 | 118.9 (3) |
O121—N12—C12 | 118.6 (3) | O222—N22—C22 | 117.5 (3) |
C12—C13—C14 | 119.0 (3) | C22—C23—C24 | 118.6 (3) |
C12—C13—H13 | 120.5 | C22—C23—H23 | 120.7 |
C14—C13—H13 | 120.5 | C24—C23—H23 | 120.7 |
C13—C14—C15 | 119.1 (3) | C25—C24—C23 | 119.9 (3) |
C13—C14—H14 | 120.4 | C25—C24—H24 | 120.0 |
C15—C14—H14 | 120.4 | C23—C24—H24 | 120.0 |
C16—C15—C14 | 120.8 (3) | C24—C25—C26 | 120.8 (3) |
C16—C15—H15 | 119.6 | C24—C25—H25 | 119.6 |
C14—C15—H15 | 119.6 | C26—C25—H25 | 119.6 |
C15—C16—C11 | 121.7 (3) | C25—C26—C21 | 121.2 (3) |
C15—C16—H16 | 119.2 | C25—C26—H26 | 119.4 |
C11—C16—H16 | 119.2 | C21—C26—H26 | 119.4 |
C12—C11—C111—N111 | −157.6 (3) | C22—C21—C211—N211 | 158.7 (3) |
C16—C11—C111—N111 | 25.4 (5) | C26—C21—C211—N211 | −24.1 (5) |
C11—C111—N111—N112 | 178.6 (3) | C21—C211—N211—N212 | −179.4 (3) |
C16—C11—C12—C13 | 1.1 (5) | C26—C21—C22—C23 | −1.4 (5) |
C111—C11—C12—C13 | −176.0 (3) | C211—C21—C22—C23 | 175.8 (3) |
C16—C11—C12—N12 | −177.5 (3) | C26—C21—C22—N22 | 176.5 (3) |
C111—C11—C12—N12 | 5.4 (5) | C211—C21—C22—N22 | −6.3 (5) |
C13—C12—N12—O122 | 36.2 (4) | C23—C22—N22—O221 | 144.6 (3) |
C11—C12—N12—O122 | −145.0 (3) | C21—C22—N22—O221 | −33.4 (5) |
C13—C12—N12—O121 | −142.6 (3) | C23—C22—N22—O222 | −34.4 (5) |
C11—C12—N12—O121 | 36.1 (4) | C21—C22—N22—O222 | 147.6 (3) |
C11—C12—C13—C14 | −1.5 (5) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | 2.3 (5) |
N12—C12—C13—C14 | 177.2 (3) | N22—C22—C23—C24 | −175.7 (3) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.0 (5) | C22—C23—C24—C25 | −1.1 (5) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | 1.7 (5) | C23—C24—C25—C26 | −0.9 (5) |
C14—C15—C16—C11 | −2.1 (5) | C24—C25—C26—C21 | 1.8 (5) |
C12—C11—C16—C15 | 0.7 (5) | C22—C21—C26—C25 | −0.6 (5) |
C111—C11—C16—C15 | 177.9 (3) | C211—C21—C26—C25 | −178.0 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N212—H21B···N111 | 0.95 | 2.51 | 3.307 (4) | 141 |
N112—H11B···N211 | 0.95 | 2.17 | 3.027 (4) | 150 |
C7H7N3O2 | F(000) = 344 |
Mr = 165.16 | Dx = 1.485 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab | Cell parameters from 1029 reflections |
a = 3.7231 (2) Å | θ = 3.7–27.5° |
b = 10.2200 (7) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
c = 19.4119 (12) Å | T = 120 K |
V = 738.62 (8) Å3 | Block, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.42 × 0.32 × 0.10 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1029 independent reflections |
Radiation source: rotating anode | 897 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.037 |
ϕ scans, and ω scans with κ offsets | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.7° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997) | h = −4→3 |
Tmin = 0.965, Tmax = 0.989 | k = −12→13 |
5442 measured reflections | l = −24→20 |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.092 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0532P)2 + 0.0869P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.06 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
1029 reflections | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
112 parameters | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0.041 (8) |
C7H7N3O2 | V = 738.62 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 165.16 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 3.7231 (2) Å | µ = 0.11 mm−1 |
b = 10.2200 (7) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 19.4119 (12) Å | 0.42 × 0.32 × 0.10 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1029 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997) | 897 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.965, Tmax = 0.989 | Rint = 0.037 |
5442 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.092 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.20 e Å−3 |
1029 reflections | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
112 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O31 | 0.0097 (4) | 0.40565 (13) | 0.19783 (6) | 0.0319 (4) | |
O32 | 0.1823 (5) | 0.20713 (13) | 0.18010 (6) | 0.0378 (4) | |
N3 | 0.1550 (5) | 0.30367 (14) | 0.21710 (7) | 0.0239 (4) | |
N11 | 0.5447 (5) | 0.52039 (17) | 0.49804 (7) | 0.0290 (4) | |
N12 | 0.5347 (6) | 0.63742 (19) | 0.53425 (8) | 0.0364 (5) | |
C1 | 0.4233 (5) | 0.40460 (18) | 0.39441 (9) | 0.0223 (4) | |
C2 | 0.2855 (5) | 0.40998 (18) | 0.32747 (8) | 0.0212 (4) | |
C3 | 0.2997 (5) | 0.29776 (17) | 0.28743 (8) | 0.0213 (4) | |
C4 | 0.4377 (5) | 0.18055 (18) | 0.31065 (9) | 0.0249 (4) | |
C5 | 0.5711 (5) | 0.17631 (19) | 0.37728 (9) | 0.0273 (4) | |
C6 | 0.5652 (5) | 0.28659 (18) | 0.41810 (9) | 0.0249 (4) | |
C11 | 0.4112 (6) | 0.5220 (2) | 0.43755 (9) | 0.0254 (4) | |
H2 | 0.1847 | 0.4886 | 0.3099 | 0.025* | |
H4 | 0.4412 | 0.1053 | 0.2820 | 0.030* | |
H5 | 0.6672 | 0.0970 | 0.3949 | 0.033* | |
H6 | 0.6602 | 0.2821 | 0.4635 | 0.030* | |
H11 | 0.3035 | 0.5997 | 0.4204 | 0.031* | |
H12A | 0.5516 | 0.6215 | 0.5787 | 0.046 (7)* | |
H12B | 0.3507 | 0.6862 | 0.5220 | 0.043 (8)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O31 | 0.0433 (9) | 0.0279 (7) | 0.0245 (7) | 0.0067 (7) | −0.0038 (7) | 0.0019 (6) |
O32 | 0.0546 (11) | 0.0283 (7) | 0.0305 (7) | 0.0008 (8) | −0.0044 (8) | −0.0079 (6) |
N3 | 0.0267 (10) | 0.0231 (8) | 0.0219 (8) | −0.0023 (7) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0014 (6) |
N11 | 0.0293 (9) | 0.0360 (9) | 0.0218 (8) | −0.0044 (9) | 0.0009 (7) | −0.0002 (7) |
N12 | 0.0468 (12) | 0.0402 (10) | 0.0222 (8) | −0.0029 (10) | −0.0031 (9) | −0.0055 (7) |
C1 | 0.0176 (9) | 0.0274 (9) | 0.0218 (8) | −0.0010 (8) | 0.0031 (7) | 0.0035 (7) |
C2 | 0.0193 (9) | 0.0223 (8) | 0.0219 (9) | 0.0003 (8) | 0.0028 (8) | 0.0054 (7) |
C3 | 0.0203 (9) | 0.0237 (9) | 0.0201 (8) | −0.0022 (8) | 0.0025 (7) | 0.0028 (7) |
C4 | 0.0244 (9) | 0.0220 (8) | 0.0283 (9) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0053 (8) | 0.0016 (7) |
C5 | 0.0218 (10) | 0.0271 (9) | 0.0329 (10) | 0.0038 (9) | 0.0037 (9) | 0.0106 (8) |
C6 | 0.0197 (9) | 0.0331 (10) | 0.0221 (8) | 0.0012 (9) | 0.0021 (8) | 0.0069 (8) |
C11 | 0.0247 (10) | 0.0286 (9) | 0.0230 (9) | −0.0008 (9) | 0.0006 (8) | 0.0023 (8) |
C1—C6 | 1.395 (3) | C3—C4 | 1.379 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.398 (2) | C3—N3 | 1.469 (2) |
C1—C11 | 1.464 (2) | N3—O32 | 1.2246 (19) |
C11—N11 | 1.275 (2) | N3—O31 | 1.232 (2) |
C11—H11 | 0.95 | C4—C5 | 1.386 (3) |
N11—N12 | 1.388 (2) | C4—H4 | 0.95 |
N12—H12A | 0.88 | C5—C6 | 1.378 (3) |
N12—H12B | 0.88 | C5—H5 | 0.95 |
C2—C3 | 1.386 (2) | C6—H6 | 0.95 |
C2—H2 | 0.95 | ||
C6—C1—C2 | 118.65 (16) | C4—C3—N3 | 118.43 (14) |
C6—C1—C11 | 122.13 (15) | C2—C3—N3 | 118.23 (14) |
C2—C1—C11 | 119.22 (15) | O32—N3—O31 | 122.68 (14) |
N11—C11—C1 | 120.26 (17) | O32—N3—C3 | 118.78 (14) |
N11—C11—H11 | 119.9 | O31—N3—C3 | 118.54 (13) |
C1—C11—H11 | 119.9 | C3—C4—C5 | 117.75 (16) |
C11—N11—N12 | 116.39 (16) | C3—C4—H4 | 121.1 |
N11—N12—H12A | 109.6 | C5—C4—H4 | 121.1 |
N11—N12—H12B | 111.9 | C6—C5—C4 | 120.35 (16) |
H12A—N12—H12B | 115.1 | C6—C5—H5 | 119.8 |
C3—C2—C1 | 118.33 (15) | C4—C5—H5 | 119.8 |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.8 | C5—C6—C1 | 121.59 (16) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.8 | C5—C6—H6 | 119.2 |
C4—C3—C2 | 123.33 (15) | C1—C6—H6 | 119.2 |
C6—C1—C11—N11 | 2.6 (3) | C4—C3—N3—O31 | 175.18 (17) |
C2—C1—C11—N11 | −177.96 (19) | C2—C3—N3—O31 | −3.9 (3) |
C1—C11—N11—N12 | 177.46 (17) | C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.6 (3) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −0.6 (3) | N3—C3—C4—C5 | −179.60 (17) |
C11—C1—C2—C3 | 179.95 (17) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.3 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 1.0 (3) | C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.7 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—N3 | −179.95 (17) | C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.2 (3) |
C4—C3—N3—O32 | −4.6 (3) | C11—C1—C6—C5 | 179.20 (17) |
C2—C3—N3—O32 | 176.39 (17) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N12—H12A···O31i | 0.88 | 2.34 | 3.210 (2) | 170 |
N12—H12B···N12ii | 0.88 | 2.41 | 3.245 (3) | 158 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, −y+1, z+1/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+3/2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
(I) | (II) | |
Crystal data | ||
Chemical formula | C7H7N3O2 | C7H7N3O2 |
Mr | 165.16 | 165.16 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, P212121 | Orthorhombic, P212121 |
Temperature (K) | 120 | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 3.6675 (2), 13.938 (1), 28.796 (2) | 3.7231 (2), 10.2200 (7), 19.4119 (12) |
V (Å3) | 1471.98 (17) | 738.62 (8) |
Z | 8 | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.11 | 0.11 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.25 × 0.04 × 0.03 | 0.42 × 0.32 × 0.10 |
Data collection | ||
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | Multi-scan (SORTAV; Blessing, 1995, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.957, 0.997 | 0.965, 0.989 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 11485, 1966, 1247 | 5442, 1029, 897 |
Rint | 0.089 | 0.037 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 | 0.649 |
Refinement | ||
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.052, 0.113, 1.02 | 0.037, 0.092, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 1966 | 1029 |
No. of parameters | 217 | 112 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.26, −0.30 | 0.20, −0.18 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998), KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO-SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), DENZO and COLLECT, DENZO-SMN, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N212—H21B···N111 | 0.95 | 2.51 | 3.307 (4) | 141 |
N112—H11B···N211 | 0.95 | 2.17 | 3.027 (4) | 150 |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N12—H12A···O31i | 0.88 | 2.34 | 3.210 (2) | 170 |
N12—H12B···N12ii | 0.88 | 2.41 | 3.245 (3) | 158 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, −y+1, z+1/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+3/2, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC X-ray Crystallographic Service, University of Southampton, England; the authors thank the staff for all their help and advice. JNL thanks NCR Self-Service, Dundee, for grants which have provided computing facilities for this work. JLW thanks CNPq and FAPERJ for financial support.
References
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We report here the structures of the isomeric title compounds, (I) and (II) (Figs 1 and 2), and we compare their supramolecular structures with that of the further isomer 4-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone, (III), which was reported recently (Glidewell et al., 2004). \sch
All three isomers crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups with unit cells having short a dimensions [in (III), a = 3.7070 (2) Å in space group Pc], and in all three isomers the molecules are essentially planar, with the E configuration at the C═N double bond. The bond lengths and angles are all normal for their types (Allen et al., 1987). However, the patterns of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are all different, with N—H···N hydrogen bonds in (I), N—H···O hydrogen bonds in (III), and both N—H···N and N—H···O hydrogen bonds in (II). Moreover, the dimensionality of the resulting supramolecular structure is different for all three isomers, being finite (zero-dimensional) in (I), three-dimensional in (II) and two-dimensional in (III).
In compound (I), the molecules are linked by two independent N—H···N hydrogen bonds (Table 1) to form an R22(6) (Bernstein et al., 1995) dimer (Fig. 1). The marked difference in the dimensions of the two hydrogen bonds is sufficient to preclude the possibility of any additional symmetry. There are four of these dimeric units in each unit cell, but there are no direction-specific interactions between these units. In view of the excess of potential hydrogen-bond acceptors in this system, in the form of the nitro-group O atoms, the non-participation in the hydrogen bonding of half of the N—H bonds is unexpected.
The molecules of compound (II) (Fig. 2) are linked by two hydrogen bonds, one each of N—H···O and N—H···N types (Table 2), into a three-dimensional framework structure, the formation of which is most readily analysed in terms of three distinct one-dimensional sub-structures. Two of these sub-structures each utilize just one of the hydrogen bonds, whereas the third utilizes both hydrogen bonds. In the first of the sub-structures utilizing only one hydrogen bond, atom N12 in the molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor, via atom H12A, to nitro atom O31 in the molecule at (1/2 − x, 1 − y, 1/2 + z), so forming a C(9) chain running parallel to the [001] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (1/4, 1/2, z) (Fig. 3). In the second sub-structure of this type, atom N12 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor, via atom H12B, to atom N12 in the molecule at (x − 1/2, 3/2 − y, 1 − z), so forming a C(2) chain parallel to the [100] direction and generated by the 21 screw axis along (x, 3/4, 1/2) (Fig. 4).
The third one-dimensional sub-structure in (II) contains alternating N—H···O and N—H···N hydrogen bonds. Atom N12 in the molecule at (1/2 − x, 1 − y, 1/2 + z) acts as donor, via atom H12B, to atom N12 in the molecule at (1 − x, y − 1/2, 3/2 − z), and atom N12 in this molecule acts as donor, via atom H12A, to nitro atom O31 in the molecule at (1/2 + x, 1/2 − y, 1 − z). Finally, atom N12 at (1/2 + x, 1/2 − y, 1 − z) acts as donor, via atom H12B, to N12 in the molecule at (x, y − 1, z). This combination of the two hydrogen bonds thus generates a C22(11) chain running parallel to the [010] direction (Fig. 5).
The pairwise combination of these one-dimensional sub-structures generates two-dimensional sub-structures. For example, the combination of the [010] and [001] chains generates a (100) sheet (Fig. 6) in the form of a (6,3) net (Batten & Robson, 1998) built from a single type of R66(40) ring, and the formation of this net in (II) may be contrasted with the formation of a (4,4) net parallel to (102) in compound (III). The combination of all three of the one-dimensional motifs in (II) suffices to generate a single three-dimensional framework.
The isomers (I)-(III) can all be regarded as chain-extended analogues of the simple isomeric nitroanilines (IV)-(VI), and it is of interest to compare the supramolecular structures of (I)-(III) with their aniline analogues. In (IV), where Z' = 2 in space group P21/n (Dhaneshwar et al., 1978), the molecules are linked by N—H···O hydrogen bonds into simple C22(12) chains. In (V) (Ploug-Sørensen & Andersen, 1986), a combination of N—H···O and N—H···N hydrogen bonds generates a (4,4) net of R44(18) rings, while in (VI) (Tonogaki et al., 1993), the molecules are linked by two N—H···O hydrogen bonds into (4,4) nets of R44(22) rings. Hence the patterns of the hydrogen bonds employed, as well as the resulting supramolecular structures, are different in each of (IV)-(VI).
Much effort continues to be expended in efforts to predict the crystal structures of simple organic compounds (Lommerse et al., 2000; Motherwell et al., 2002). Variations in supramolecular aggregation behaviour within a series of isomeric compounds, such as those of (I)-(III) described here, or of (IV)-(VI), provide a keen test of computational methods for crystal-structure prediction. The accurate prediction of behaviour, especially the correct prediction of space groups and the particular hydrogen bonds involved within such series of isomeric species, would generate real confidence in the efficacy of the predictive methods employed.