metal-organic compounds
Diphenylmercury, redetermined at 120 K: sheets built from a single C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bond
aSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and cInstituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
At 120 K, the molecules of the title compound, [Hg(C6H5)2], lie across centres of inversion in P21/n and are linked by a single C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bond into (101) sheets. The same supramolecular structure is found at 298 K.
Comment
The structure of diphenylmercury, (I), was first successfully analysed only in 1977 (Grdenić et al., 1977), despite numerous earlier attempts (Kitaigorodsky & Grdenić, 1948; Ziólkowska, 1962; Ziólkowska et al., 1964), which had been hampered by a combination of inadequate absorption corrections and the occurrence of Using diffraction data collected at ambient temperature, an R value of 0.023 was achieved with 725 unweighted data and with H atoms included in the calculations with C—H distances in the range 0.93–1.02 Å (Grdenić et al., 1977). The structure consisted of nearly planar centrosymmetric molecules; although a number of fairly short C⋯C, C⋯H and H⋯H intermolecular contacts were recorded, the consequences of these were not analysed. Our reanalysis, using PLATON (Spek, 2003), of the published structure using atomic coordinates retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (Allen, 2002; refcode DIPHHG11) found no direction-specific intermolecular interactions.
We have now reinvestigated the structure of (I) using a larger data set collected at 120 K; in addition, we collected a data set at 298 K, and the same phase was found. Although, for the sake of convenience and the much lower β angle, we have chosen to refine the structure in P21/n, rather than the alternative P21/c, as employed by Grdenić et al. (1977), we also solved the structure in P21/c. It was evident, from both the cell dimensions and the atom coordinates in P21/c that the same phase was employed in this study as in the earlier one. The structure of (I) determined at 120 K has better precision than that reported at ambient temperatures. Thus, the s.u. values on the Hg—C and C—C distances (Table 1) are less than half of those reported previously (0.007 Å for Hg—C and 0.010–0.014 Å for C—C). Despite the larger data set used here, at 120 K, the conventional R value is significantly lower than the previous ambient-temperature value (0.023).
We find at 120 K, centrosymmetric molecules (Fig. 1) with an of 0.222 (4) Å, consistent with the structure previously reported at ambient temperature. However, these molecules are linked into sheets by a single nearly linear C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bond (Table 2). With the reference molecule centred at (, , ), atoms C6 at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) act as hydrogen-bond donors to the aryl rings at ( − x, − + y, − z) and (− + x, − y, + z), respectively, which form parts of the molecules centred at (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 1), respectively. Similarly, the aryl rings at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) accept hydrogen bonds from atoms C6 at ( − x, + y, − z) and (− + x, − y, + z), respectively, which form parts of the molecules centred at (1, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1). In this way, the molecules are linked into (101) sheets (Fig. 2), although there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent sheets.
We find precisely the same supramolecular aggregation at 298 K, and the question then arises why this aggregation is not apparent from the coordinates reported by Grdenić et al. (1977). The explanation appears to lie in the location of the H atoms in the earlier structure. The authors stated that `the H atoms were included in the structure-factor calculations with the isotropic thermal parameters of the bonded C atoms, but the parameters were not refined' (Grdenić et al., 1977); however, at no point did the authors specify how the H atoms were actually located or what constraints were applied to their positions during the In fact, analysis of their H-atom coordinates shows that many of these atoms are significantly displaced from the plane of the aryl ring; in particular, the two calculated C—C—C—H torsion angles for the H atom bonded to atom C6 are 168 and −169°. In addition, the two exocyclic C—C—H angles at atom C6 are 116 and 123°, and it seems probable that the erroneous location of the H atom bonded to atom C6 has previously obscured the occurrence of the C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bond.
Experimental
The title compound was isolated from the reaction between mercury(II) chloride and methyltriphenyltin(IV) (2:1 molar ratio) in ethanol. Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown by slow evaporation of a solution in ethanol.
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
|
All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding, with C—H = 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Data collection, cell COLLECT (Hooft, 1999) and DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); structure solution: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); structure OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
and data reduction:Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270104034134/sk1803sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270104034134/sk1803Isup2.hkl
The title compound was isolated from the reaction between mercury(II) chloride and methyltriphenyltin(IV) (2:1 molar ratio) in ethanol. Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown by slow evaporation of a solution in ethanol.
The
P21/n was uniquely assigned from the All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å, and with Uiso(H) values of 1.2Ueq(C).Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999); cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).[Hg(C6H5)2] | F(000) = 324 |
Mr = 354.79 | Dx = 2.458 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2yn | Cell parameters from 1098 reflections |
a = 5.6222 (3) Å | θ = 3.2–27.5° |
b = 8.0912 (4) Å | µ = 16.00 mm−1 |
c = 10.5852 (5) Å | T = 120 K |
β = 95.485 (3)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 479.32 (4) Å3 | 0.28 × 0.12 × 0.04 mm |
Z = 2 |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1098 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker-Nonius FR91 rotating anode | 837 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite (Nonius, 1997) monochromator | Rint = 0.034 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.2° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −7→7 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.088, Tmax = 0.527 | l = −13→13 |
7117 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.017 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.045 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0209P)2 + 0.2975P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.09 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
1098 reflections | Δρmax = 0.71 e Å−3 |
62 parameters | Δρmin = −0.87 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL, Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0.0133 (8) |
[Hg(C6H5)2] | V = 479.32 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 354.79 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 5.6222 (3) Å | µ = 16.00 mm−1 |
b = 8.0912 (4) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 10.5852 (5) Å | 0.28 × 0.12 × 0.04 mm |
β = 95.485 (3)° |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1098 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 837 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.088, Tmax = 0.527 | Rint = 0.034 |
7117 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.017 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.045 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.09 | Δρmax = 0.71 e Å−3 |
1098 reflections | Δρmin = −0.87 e Å−3 |
62 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Hg1 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.01832 (12) | |
C1 | 0.7711 (6) | 0.6208 (5) | 0.4146 (3) | 0.0195 (8) | |
C2 | 0.9167 (7) | 0.7397 (5) | 0.4779 (3) | 0.0190 (7) | |
C3 | 1.1047 (6) | 0.8126 (4) | 0.4233 (3) | 0.0191 (8) | |
C4 | 1.1532 (6) | 0.7684 (5) | 0.3003 (3) | 0.0186 (7) | |
C5 | 1.0092 (6) | 0.6516 (4) | 0.2355 (3) | 0.0202 (8) | |
C6 | 0.8206 (6) | 0.5779 (5) | 0.2917 (3) | 0.0213 (8) | |
H2 | 0.8859 | 0.7719 | 0.5611 | 0.023* | |
H3 | 1.2012 | 0.8928 | 0.4693 | 0.023* | |
H4 | 1.2823 | 0.8175 | 0.2623 | 0.022* | |
H5 | 1.0388 | 0.6211 | 0.1518 | 0.024* | |
H6 | 0.7246 | 0.4974 | 0.2457 | 0.026* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Hg1 | 0.01561 (15) | 0.01792 (15) | 0.02234 (16) | 0.00019 (7) | 0.00656 (8) | 0.00452 (8) |
C1 | 0.0155 (17) | 0.0186 (19) | 0.0247 (18) | 0.0043 (15) | 0.0032 (14) | 0.0057 (15) |
C2 | 0.0231 (18) | 0.0172 (19) | 0.0174 (17) | 0.0030 (16) | 0.0052 (14) | 0.0007 (14) |
C3 | 0.0176 (18) | 0.0173 (19) | 0.0225 (18) | −0.0028 (14) | 0.0025 (14) | −0.0002 (15) |
C4 | 0.0173 (17) | 0.0189 (19) | 0.0198 (17) | 0.0013 (14) | 0.0024 (13) | 0.0039 (15) |
C5 | 0.0230 (18) | 0.023 (2) | 0.0154 (16) | 0.0014 (15) | 0.0048 (14) | 0.0021 (15) |
C6 | 0.0216 (19) | 0.019 (2) | 0.0230 (19) | −0.0015 (17) | 0.0017 (14) | −0.0004 (16) |
Hg1—C1 | 2.088 (3) | C6—C1 | 1.400 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.393 (5) | C2—H2 | 0.95 |
C2—C3 | 1.384 (5) | C3—H3 | 0.95 |
C3—C4 | 1.402 (5) | C4—H4 | 0.95 |
C4—C5 | 1.383 (5) | C5—H5 | 0.95 |
C5—C6 | 1.398 (5) | C6—H6 | 0.95 |
C2—C1—C6 | 117.3 (3) | C5—C4—C3 | 118.6 (3) |
C2—C1—Hg1 | 122.3 (3) | C5—C4—H4 | 120.7 |
C6—C1—Hg1 | 120.3 (3) | C3—C4—H4 | 120.7 |
C3—C2—C1 | 122.0 (3) | C4—C5—C6 | 120.8 (3) |
C3—C2—H2 | 119.0 | C4—C5—H5 | 119.6 |
C1—C2—H2 | 119.0 | C6—C5—H5 | 119.6 |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.2 (3) | C5—C6—C1 | 121.0 (4) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.9 | C5—C6—H6 | 119.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.9 | C1—C6—H6 | 119.5 |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −0.6 (5) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.6 (5) |
Hg1—C1—C2—C3 | 176.3 (3) | C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.4 (5) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.4 (6) | C2—C1—C6—C5 | 0.2 (5) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.2 (5) | Hg1—C1—C6—C5 | −176.8 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6···Cgi | 0.95 | 2.84 | 3.759 (4) | 164 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Hg(C6H5)2] |
Mr | 354.79 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/n |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 5.6222 (3), 8.0912 (4), 10.5852 (5) |
β (°) | 95.485 (3) |
V (Å3) | 479.32 (4) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 16.00 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.28 × 0.12 × 0.04 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.088, 0.527 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 7117, 1098, 837 |
Rint | 0.034 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.650 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.017, 0.045, 1.09 |
No. of reflections | 1098 |
No. of parameters | 62 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.71, −0.87 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO and COLLECT, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Hg1—C1 | 2.088 (3) | C4—C5 | 1.383 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.393 (5) | C5—C6 | 1.398 (5) |
C2—C3 | 1.384 (5) | C6—C1 | 1.400 (5) |
C3—C4 | 1.402 (5) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6···Cgi | 0.95 | 2.84 | 3.759 (4) | 164 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC X-ray Crystallographic Service, University of Southampton, England; the authors thank the staff for all their help and advice. JLW thanks CNPq and FAPERJ for financial support.
References
Allen, F. H. (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380–388. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Ferguson, G. (1999). PRPKAPPA. University of Guelph, Canada. Google Scholar
Grdenić, D., Kamenar, B. & Nagl, A. (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 587–589. CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Web of Science Google Scholar
Hooft, R. (1999). COLLECT. Nonius BV, Delft, The Netherlands. Google Scholar
Kitaigorodsky, A. I. & Grdenić, D. (1948). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otd. Khim. Nauk, p. 262. Google Scholar
McArdle, P. (2003). OSCAIL for Windows. Version 10. Crystallography Centre, Chemistry Department, NUI Galway, Ireland. Google Scholar
Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W. (1997). Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 276, Macromolecular Crystallography, Part A, edited by C. W. Carter Jr & R. M. Sweet, pp. 307–326. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. University of Göttingen, Germany. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2003). SADABS. Version 2.10. University of Göttingen, Germany. Google Scholar
Spek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7–13. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Ziólkowska, B. (1962). Rocz. Chem. 36, 1341–1347. CAS Google Scholar
Ziólkowska, B., Myasnikova, R. M. & Kitaigorodsky, A. I. (1964). Zh. Strukt. Khim. 5, 737–742. CAS Google Scholar
© International Union of Crystallography. Prior permission is not required to reproduce short quotations, tables and figures from this article, provided the original authors and source are cited. For more information, click here.
The structure of diphenylmercury, (I), was first successfully analysed only in 1977 (Grdenić et al., 1977), despite numerous earlier attempts (Kitaigorodsky & Grdenić, 1948; Ziólkowska, 1962; Ziólkowska et al., 1964), which had been hampered by a combination of inadequate absorption corrections and the occurrence of twinning. Using diffraction data collected at ambient temperature, an R value of 0.023 was achieved with 725 unweighted data and with H atoms included in the calculations with C—H distances in the range 0.93–1.02 Å (Grdenić et al., 1977). The structure consisted of nearly planar centrosymmetric molecules; although a number of fairly short C···C, C···H and H···H intermolecular contacts were recorded, the consequences of these were not analysed. Our reanalysis, using PLATON (Spek, 2003), of the published structure using atomic coordinates retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (Allen, 2002: refcode DIPHHG11) found no direction-specific intermolecular interactions.
We have now reinvestigated the structure of (I) using a somewhat larger data set collected at 120 K; in addition, we collected a data set at 298 K, and the same phase was found. Although, for the sake of convenience and the much lower β angle, we have chosen to refine the structure in space group P21/n, rather than the alternative P21/c as employed earlier (Grdenić et al., 1977), we also solved the structure in P21/c. It was evident, both from the cell dimensions and from the atom coordinates in P21/c, that the same phase was employed in this study as in the earlier one. The structure of (I) determined at 120 K has rather better precision than that reported at ambient temperatures. Thus the s.u. values on the Hg—C and C—C distances (Table 1) are less than half of those reported previously (0.007 Å for Hg—C and 0.010 − 0.014 Å for C—C). Despite the larger data set used here, at 120 K the conventional R value is significantly lower than the previous ambient-temperature value (0.023).
We find at 120 K centrosymmetric molecules with an interplanar spacing of 0.222 (4) Å, consistent with the structure previously reported at ambient temperature. However, these molecules are linked into sheets by a single nearly linear C—H···π(arene) hydrogen bond (Table 2). With the reference molecule centred at (1/2, 1/2, 1/2), atoms C6 at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) act as hydrogen-bond donors to the aryl rings at (1.5 − x, −1/2 + y, 1/2 − z) and (−1/2 + x, 1.5 − y, 1/2 + z), respectively, which form parts of the molecules centred at (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 1), respectively. Similarly, the aryl rings at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) accept hydrogen-bonds from atoms C6 at (1.5 − x, 1/2 + y, 1/2 − z) and (−1/2 + x, 1/2 − y, 1/2 + z), respectively, which form parts of the molecules centred at (1, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1), respectively. In this way, the molecules are linked into (101) sheets (Fig. 2), although there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent sheets.
We find precisely the same supramolecular aggregation at 298 K, and the question then arises why this aggregation is not apparent from the coordinates reported by Grdenić et al. (1977). The explanation appears to lie in the location of the H atoms in the earlier structure. The authors stated that `the H atoms were included in the structure factor calculations with the isotropic thermal parameters of the bonded C atoms, but the parameters were not refined' (Grdenić et al., 1977); however, at no point did the authors specify how the H atoms were actually located, or what constraints were applied to their positions during the refinement. In fact, analysis of their H-atom coordinates shows that many of these atoms are significantly displaced from the plane of the aryl ring; in particular, the two calculated C—C—C—H torsion angles for the H atom bonded to atom C6 are 168 and −169°. In addition, the two exocyclic C—C—H angles at atom C6 are 116 and 123°, and it seems probable that the erroneous location of the H atom bonded to atom C6 has previously obscured the occurrence of the C—H···π(arene) hydrogen bond.