organic compounds
7-Amino-2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hemihydrate redetermined at 120 K: a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework
aGrupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Valle, AA 25360 Cali, Colombia, bDepartamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain, cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and dSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
In the title compound, C8H10N4·0.5H2O, where the water molecules lie on twofold rotation axes in the C2, the components are linked by three hydrogen bonds, one each of O—H⋯N, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O types, into a complex three-dimensional framework structure.
Comment
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are purine analogues which exhibit a number of useful properties as antimetabolites in purine biochemical reactions; they are of particular interest because of their antitrypanosomal (Novinson et al., 1976) and antischistosomal activities (Senga et al., 1981). Such interesting biological properties have prompted the development of new and efficient general procedures for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (Al-Shiekh et al., 2004; Makarov et al., 2005). We present here the structure of 7-amino-2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, (I), prepared by the solvent-free cyclocondensation reaction between 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 3-aminocrotononitrile induced by microwave irradiation, and crystallized from ethanol as the hemihydrate.
The structure of (I) was determined many years ago using diffraction data collected at ambient temperature (Mornon et al., 1975). The coordinates and displacement parameters for the H atoms bonded to C and O atoms were all refined and the converged to R = 0.058 with a data/parameter ratio of only 5.94, giving typical s.u. values on the distances and angles of 0.01 Å and 1.5°, respectively. Although three intermolecular hydrogen bonds were identified, the authors gave no analysis or discussion of their structural consequences.
We have now taken the opportunity to redetermine this structure using diffraction data collected at 120 K, and the resulting R = 0.037 for a data/parameter ratio of 9.62, gives much greater geometric precision, with typical s.u. values on distances and angles of 0.002 Å and 0.15°, respectively. We report here this redetermination, with a detailed description of the supramolecular structure.
which converged toWithin the heterocyclic component, the bond distances (Table 1) show a number of deviations from the pattern expected if the bond-localized form (I) (see scheme) is the correct representation. In particular, the C3A—N4 bond, which is formally a single bond, is not very much longer than the N1—C2 and N4—C5 bonds, both of which are formally double bonds; similarly, the lengths of the C2—C3 and C5—C6 bonds, which are formally single bonds, differ very little from those of the C3—C3A and C6—C7 bonds, which are formally double bonds. This pattern points to a considerable degree of aromatic type 10-π electron delocalization. Also noteworthy is the difference between the two exocyclic angles at atom C7, a difference which has no obvious explanation. All these metrical observations closely mimic those obtained, at much lower precision, from the ambient-temperature determination (Mornon et al., 1975), although some of the geometric and displacement parameters involving H atoms in that report are clearly unreliable.
As reported previously, the water molecules lie on twofold rotation axes in C2, with the heterocyclic component in a general position. For the sake of convenience, the reference water molecule has been selected as that lying across the rotation axis along (, y, ), with the two independent molecular components linked by an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Three independent hydrogen bonds (Table 2), one each of O—H⋯N, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O types, link the molecular components into a three-dimensional framework of some complexity. However, descriptive analysis of the formation of this framework is markedly simplified by the identification of a number of simple substructures in zero, one and two dimensions, whose combination generates the overall framework structure.
A basic building block in the supramolecular structure is a cyclic dimer containing only the heterocyclic component. Amine atom N7 in the bicyclic molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor, via H7A, to ring atom N1 at (2 − x, y, 2 − z), so forming a cyclic R22(10) (Bernstein et al., 1995) dimer (Fig. 2). The water molecules act as twofold donors in O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and as twofold acceptors in N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 2), and the resulting linking of the water molecules and the heterocycles generates three independent chains, whose combination leads to the formation of the three-dimensional framework.
The water O atom at (, y, ) accepts hydrogen bonds from amine atoms N7 in the two heterocyclic molecules at (− + x, + y, z) and ( − x, + y, 1 − z). These molecules are components of the R22(10) dimers lying across the twofold rotation axes along (, y, 1) and (, y, 0), and these dimers in turn also act as hydrogen-bond donors to the O atoms at (, y, ) and (, y, −), respectively. In this manner, a chain of linked dimers running parallel to the [001] direction is generated by successive twofold rotations (Fig. 3).
The same water O atom at (, y, ) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to pyridine atoms N4 in the molecules at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, y, 1 − z), respectively, which are themselves components of the R22(10) dimers lying across the rotation axes along (1, y, 1) and (0, y, 0). Propagation of these hydrogen bonds by successive rotations then generates a second chain of linked dimers, this time running parallel to the [101] direction (Fig. 4). The combination of the [001] and [101] chains (Figs. 3 and 4) generates the first of the two-dimensional substructures in the form of a (010) sheet.
In the final y, ) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the heterocyclic molecules at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, y, 1 − z), and as a hydrogen-bond acceptor from the corresponding molecules at (− + x, + y, z) and ( − x, + y, 1 − z), and propagation of these two hydrogen bonds in combination generates a (001) sheet built from a single type of R88(32) ring (Fig. 5). The combination of (010) and (001) sheets is sufficient to generate a single three-dimensional framework structure.
which is also two-dimensional, the reference water O atom at (,Experimental
An intimate mixture of 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole (194 mg, 2 mmol) and 3-aminocrotononitrile (328 mg, 4 mmol) was placed in an open Pyrex glass vessel and irradiated in a domestic microwave oven for 2.5 min (at 600 W). The reaction mixture was then extracted with ethanol and, after removal of the solvent, the product was crystallized from ethanol as white crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (yield 92%, m.p. 470–472 K). MS: (30 eV) m/z (%) = 162 (100, M+), 161 (24), 147 (5), 134 (11), 122 (26).
Crystal data
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Refinement
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The C2, Cm and C2/m as possible space groups; C2 was selected and then confirmed by the successful structure analysis. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 (aromatic) or 0.98 Å (methyl), N—H distances of 0.88 Å, and Uiso(H) values of 1.2Ueq(C,N), 1.5Ueq(O) or 1.5Ueq(methyl C). In the absence of significant the Flack (1983) parameter was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000), and the Friedel equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final Accordingly, it was not possible to establish the of the (Jones, 1986).
permittedData collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999); cell DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270106005373/sk3006sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270106005373/sk3006Isup2.hkl
An intimate mixture of 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole (194 mg, 2 mmol) and 3-aminocrotononitrile (328 mg, 4 mmol) was placed in an open Pyrex glass vessel and irradiated in a domestic microwave oven for 2.5 min (at 600 W). The reaction mixture was then extracted with ethanol, and after removal of the solvent, the product (I) was crystallized from ethanol as white crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (yield 92%, m.p. 470–472 K). MS: (30 eV) m/z (%) = 162 (100, M+), 161 (24), 147 (5), 134 (11), 122 (26).
The
permitted C2, Cm and C2/m as possible space groups: C2 was selected and then confirmed by the successful structure analysis. All H atoms were located from difference maps and then treated as riding atoms with C—H distances of 0.95 Å (aromatic) or 0.98 Å (methyl), N—H distances of 0.88 Å, and Uiso(H) values of 1.2Ueq(C,N), 1.5Ueq(O) or 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl). In the absence of significant the Flack (1983) parameter was indeterminate (Flack & Bernardinelli, 2000), and the Friedel equivalent reflections were merged prior to the final Accordingly, it was not possible to establish the of the (Jones, 1986).Data collection: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999); cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).C8H10N4·0.5H2O | F(000) = 364 |
Mr = 171.21 | Dx = 1.252 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: C 2y | Cell parameters from 1116 reflections |
a = 16.0851 (5) Å | θ = 4.5–27.5° |
b = 7.9458 (3) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 8.0003 (3) Å | T = 120 K |
β = 117.309 (2)° | Block, colourless |
V = 908.55 (6) Å3 | 0.54 × 0.36 × 0.20 mm |
Z = 4 |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1116 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker-Nonius FR91 rotating anode | 1032 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.024 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 4.5° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −20→20 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.983 | l = −9→10 |
6163 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.090 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0579P)2 + 0.2034P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1116 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
116 parameters | Δρmax = 0.17 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
C8H10N4·0.5H2O | V = 908.55 (6) Å3 |
Mr = 171.21 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, C2 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 16.0851 (5) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
b = 7.9458 (3) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 8.0003 (3) Å | 0.54 × 0.36 × 0.20 mm |
β = 117.309 (2)° |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 1116 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 1032 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.983 | Rint = 0.024 |
6163 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | 1 restraint |
wR(F2) = 0.090 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.17 e Å−3 |
1116 reflections | Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3 |
116 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.5000 | 0.4489 (2) | 0.5000 | 0.0264 (4) | |
N1 | 0.88429 (10) | 0.2722 (2) | 0.9820 (2) | 0.0269 (3) | |
N4 | 0.65962 (10) | 0.26477 (18) | 0.5803 (2) | 0.0283 (3) | |
N7 | 0.93536 (10) | 0.1362 (2) | 0.7256 (2) | 0.0321 (4) | |
N7A | 0.82186 (10) | 0.24015 (17) | 0.7987 (2) | 0.0232 (3) | |
C2 | 0.83100 (13) | 0.3410 (2) | 1.0528 (3) | 0.0286 (4) | |
C3 | 0.73665 (13) | 0.3543 (2) | 0.9203 (3) | 0.0309 (4) | |
C3A | 0.73131 (11) | 0.2868 (2) | 0.7552 (2) | 0.0256 (4) | |
C5 | 0.68064 (12) | 0.1943 (2) | 0.4533 (3) | 0.0286 (4) | |
C6 | 0.77084 (12) | 0.1459 (3) | 0.4915 (3) | 0.0281 (4) | |
C7 | 0.84535 (11) | 0.1708 (2) | 0.6691 (2) | 0.0250 (4) | |
C21 | 0.87585 (15) | 0.3949 (3) | 1.2553 (3) | 0.0391 (5) | |
C51 | 0.60139 (13) | 0.1680 (3) | 0.2592 (3) | 0.0406 (5) | |
H1 | 0.5531 | 0.3776 | 0.5331 | 0.040* | |
H3 | 0.6870 | 0.3996 | 0.9392 | 0.037* | |
H6 | 0.7815 | 0.0955 | 0.3954 | 0.034* | |
H7A | 0.9770 | 0.1579 | 0.8421 | 0.038* | |
H7B | 0.9531 | 0.0917 | 0.6464 | 0.038* | |
H21A | 0.9232 | 0.3122 | 1.3318 | 0.059* | |
H21B | 0.8280 | 0.4028 | 1.2986 | 0.059* | |
H21C | 0.9055 | 0.5051 | 1.2675 | 0.059* | |
H51A | 0.5704 | 0.0608 | 0.2550 | 0.061* | |
H51B | 0.6259 | 0.1659 | 0.1675 | 0.061* | |
H51C | 0.5562 | 0.2601 | 0.2288 | 0.061* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0218 (7) | 0.0284 (9) | 0.0316 (9) | 0.000 | 0.0144 (7) | 0.000 |
N1 | 0.0279 (7) | 0.0281 (7) | 0.0247 (7) | 0.0020 (6) | 0.0122 (6) | −0.0009 (6) |
N4 | 0.0231 (7) | 0.0270 (8) | 0.0341 (8) | 0.0002 (6) | 0.0126 (6) | 0.0016 (7) |
N7 | 0.0249 (7) | 0.0404 (9) | 0.0323 (8) | 0.0015 (7) | 0.0143 (6) | −0.0112 (7) |
N7A | 0.0227 (6) | 0.0230 (7) | 0.0249 (7) | 0.0018 (5) | 0.0118 (5) | −0.0012 (6) |
C2 | 0.0357 (9) | 0.0281 (9) | 0.0272 (9) | 0.0042 (7) | 0.0189 (7) | 0.0018 (7) |
C3 | 0.0324 (9) | 0.0317 (10) | 0.0359 (9) | 0.0067 (8) | 0.0218 (8) | 0.0029 (8) |
C3A | 0.0241 (8) | 0.0235 (8) | 0.0323 (9) | 0.0031 (7) | 0.0156 (7) | 0.0032 (7) |
C5 | 0.0275 (8) | 0.0241 (9) | 0.0318 (9) | −0.0016 (7) | 0.0115 (7) | −0.0004 (7) |
C6 | 0.0288 (8) | 0.0277 (8) | 0.0277 (8) | −0.0024 (7) | 0.0128 (7) | −0.0065 (7) |
C7 | 0.0245 (8) | 0.0235 (9) | 0.0295 (9) | 0.0014 (7) | 0.0145 (7) | −0.0016 (7) |
C21 | 0.0442 (11) | 0.0452 (11) | 0.0312 (10) | 0.0071 (9) | 0.0200 (9) | −0.0035 (9) |
C51 | 0.0303 (9) | 0.0429 (12) | 0.0386 (11) | −0.0014 (9) | 0.0071 (8) | −0.0063 (10) |
N1—C2 | 1.342 (2) | C21—H21A | 0.98 |
C2—C3 | 1.401 (3) | C21—H21B | 0.98 |
C3—C3A | 1.392 (3) | C21—H21C | 0.98 |
C3A—N4 | 1.355 (2) | C3—H3 | 0.95 |
N4—C5 | 1.332 (2) | C5—C51 | 1.504 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.393 (3) | C51—H51A | 0.98 |
C6—C7 | 1.390 (2) | C51—H51B | 0.98 |
C7—N7A | 1.371 (2) | C51—H51C | 0.98 |
N7A—N1 | 1.368 (2) | C6—H6 | 0.95 |
C3A—N7A | 1.384 (2) | N7—H7A | 0.88 |
C7—N7 | 1.333 (2) | N7—H7B | 0.88 |
C2—C21 | 1.502 (3) | O1—H1 | 0.96 |
C2—N1—N7A | 103.37 (14) | C6—C5—C51 | 119.48 (17) |
N1—C2—C3 | 113.07 (16) | C5—C51—H51A | 109.5 |
N1—C2—C21 | 119.20 (16) | C5—C51—H51B | 109.5 |
C3—C2—C21 | 127.73 (16) | H51A—C51—H51B | 109.5 |
C2—C21—H21A | 109.5 | C5—C51—H51C | 109.5 |
C2—C21—H21B | 109.5 | H51A—C51—H51C | 109.5 |
H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 | H51B—C51—H51C | 109.5 |
C2—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C7—C6—C5 | 120.49 (16) |
H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C7—C6—H6 | 119.8 |
H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C5—C6—H6 | 119.8 |
C3A—C3—C2 | 105.24 (15) | N7—C7—N7A | 117.38 (15) |
C3A—C3—H3 | 127.4 | N7—C7—C6 | 127.60 (16) |
C2—C3—H3 | 127.4 | N7A—C7—C6 | 115.02 (15) |
N4—C3A—N7A | 121.62 (15) | C7—N7—H7A | 120.0 |
N4—C3A—C3 | 133.03 (16) | C7—N7—H7B | 120.0 |
N7A—C3A—C3 | 105.35 (15) | H7A—N7—H7B | 120.0 |
C5—N4—C3A | 116.61 (14) | N1—N7A—C7 | 124.31 (14) |
N4—C5—C6 | 123.51 (16) | N1—N7A—C3A | 112.97 (13) |
N4—C5—C51 | 117.00 (16) | C7—N7A—C3A | 122.72 (15) |
N7A—N1—C2—C3 | −0.2 (2) | C5—C6—C7—N7 | −177.84 (18) |
N7A—N1—C2—C21 | −179.70 (17) | C5—C6—C7—N7A | 1.7 (3) |
N1—C2—C3—C3A | 0.6 (2) | C2—N1—N7A—C7 | 179.03 (15) |
C21—C2—C3—C3A | −179.95 (19) | C2—N1—N7A—C3A | −0.32 (19) |
C2—C3—C3A—N4 | −179.99 (19) | N7—C7—N7A—N1 | −1.5 (2) |
C2—C3—C3A—N7A | −0.7 (2) | C6—C7—N7A—N1 | 178.83 (16) |
N7A—C3A—N4—C5 | 0.7 (2) | N7—C7—N7A—C3A | 177.76 (17) |
C3—C3A—N4—C5 | 179.9 (2) | C6—C7—N7A—C3A | −1.9 (2) |
C3A—N4—C5—C6 | −0.8 (3) | N4—C3A—N7A—N1 | −179.95 (15) |
C3A—N4—C5—C51 | 179.48 (17) | C3—C3A—N7A—N1 | 0.7 (2) |
N4—C5—C6—C7 | −0.4 (3) | N4—C3A—N7A—C7 | 0.7 (3) |
C51—C5—C6—C7 | 179.24 (19) | C3—C3A—N7A—C7 | −178.70 (16) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···N4 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 2.763 (2) | 172 |
N7—H7A···N1i | 0.88 | 2.21 | 2.971 (2) | 144 |
N7—H7B···O1ii | 0.88 | 2.01 | 2.877 (2) | 168 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y, −z+2; (ii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C8H10N4·0.5H2O |
Mr | 171.21 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2 |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 16.0851 (5), 7.9458 (3), 8.0003 (3) |
β (°) | 117.309 (2) |
V (Å3) | 908.55 (6) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.09 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.54 × 0.36 × 0.20 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.967, 0.983 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 6163, 1116, 1032 |
Rint | 0.024 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.034, 0.090, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 1116 |
No. of parameters | 116 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.17, −0.20 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Hooft, 1999), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO and COLLECT, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
N1—C2 | 1.342 (2) | C6—C7 | 1.390 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.401 (3) | C7—N7A | 1.371 (2) |
C3—C3A | 1.392 (3) | N7A—N1 | 1.368 (2) |
C3A—N4 | 1.355 (2) | C3A—N7A | 1.384 (2) |
N4—C5 | 1.332 (2) | C7—N7 | 1.333 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.393 (3) | ||
N7—C7—N7A | 117.38 (15) | N7—C7—C6 | 127.60 (16) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1—H1···N4 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 2.763 (2) | 172 |
N7—H7A···N1i | 0.88 | 2.21 | 2.971 (2) | 144 |
N7—H7B···O1ii | 0.88 | 2.01 | 2.877 (2) | 168 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y, −z+2; (ii) x+1/2, y−1/2, z. |
Acknowledgements
X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC X-ray Crystallographic Service, University of Southampton, England. JC thanks the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) and the Universidad de Jaén for financial support. JP and JQ thank COLCIENCIAS and UNIVALLE (Universidad del Valle, Colombia) for financial support.
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Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are purine analogues which exhibit a number of useful properties as antimetabolites in purine biochemical reactions; they are of particular interest because of their antitrypanosomal (Novinson et al., 1976) and antischistosomal activities (Senga et al., 1981). Such interesting biological properties have prompted the development of new and efficient general procedures for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (Al-Shiekh et al., 2004; Makarov et al., 2005). We present here the structure of 7-amino-2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, (I), prepared by the solvent-free cyclocondensation reaction between 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 3-aminocrotononitrile induced by microwave irradiation, and crystallized from ethanol as the hemihydrate
The structure of the (I) was determined many years ago using diffraction data collected at ambient temperature (Mornon et al., 1975). The coordinates and displacement parameters for the H atoms bonded to C and O atoms were all refined and the refinement converged to R = 0.058 with a data/parameter ratio of only 5.94, giving typical s.u. values on the distances and angles of 0.01 Å and 1.5°, respectively. Although three intermolecular hydrogen bonds were identified, the authors gave no analysis or discussion of their structural consequences.
We have now taken the opportunity to redetermine this structure using diffraction data collected at 120 K, and the resulting refinement, which converged to R = 0.037 for a data/parameter ratio of 9.62, gives much greater geometric precision with typical s.u. values on distances and angles of 0.002 Å and 0.15°, respectively. We report here this redetermination, with a detailed description of the supramolecular structure.
Within the heterocyclic component, the bond distances (Table 1) show a number of deviations from the pattern expected if the bond-localized form (I) (see scheme) is the correct representation. In particular, the C3A—N4 bond, which is formally a single bond, is not very much longer than the N1—C2 and N4—C5 bonds, both of which are formally double bonds; similarly, the lengths of the C2—C3 and C5—C6 bonds, which are formally single bonds, differ very little from those of the C3—C3A and C6—C7 bonds, which are formally double bonds. This pattern points to a considerable degree of aromatic type 10-π electron delocalization. Also noteworthy is the difference between the two exocyclic angles at atom C7, a difference which has no obvious explanation. All these metrical observations closely mimic those reported, at much lower precision, from the ambient-temperature determination (Mornon et al., 1975), although some of the geometric and displacement parameters involving H atoms in that report are clearly unreliable.
As reported previously, the water molecules lie on twofold rotation axes in space group C2, with the heterocyclic component in a general position. For the sake of convenience, the reference water molecule has been selected at that lying across the rotation axis along (1/2, y, 1/2), with the two independent molecular components linked by an O—H···N hydrogen bond (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Three independent hydrogen bonds (Table 1), one each of O—H.·N, N—H···N and N—H···O types, link the molecular components into a three-dimensional framework of some complexity. However, descriptive analysis of the formation of this framework is markedly simplified by the identification of a number of simple substructures in zero, one and two dimensions, whose combination generates the overall framework structure.
A basic building block in the supramolecular structure is a cyclic dimer containing only the heterocyclic component. Amine atom N7 in the bicyclic molecule at (x, y, z) acts as a hydrogen-bond donor, via H7A, to ring atom N1 at (2 − x, y, 2 − z), so forming a cyclic R22(10) (Bernstein et al., 1995) dimer (Fig. 2). The water molecules act as twofold donors in O—H···N hydrogen bonds and as twofold acceptors in N—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 2), and the resulting linking of the water molecules and the heterocycles generates three independent chains, whose combination leads to the formation of the three-dimensional framework.
The water O atom at (1/2, y, 1/2) accepts hydrogen bonds from amine atoms N7 in the two heterocyclic molecules at (−1/2 + x, 1/2 + y, z) and (3/2 − x, 1/2 + y, 1 − z). These molecules are components of the R22(10) dimers lying across the twofold rotation axes along (1/2, y, 1) and (1/2, y, 0), and these dimers in turn also act as hydrogen-bond donors to the O atoms at (1/2, y, 3/2) and (1/2, y, −3/2) respectively. In this manner a chain of linked dimers running parallel to the [001] direction is generated by successive twofold rotations (Fig. 3).
The same water O atom at (1/2, y, 1/2) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to pyridine atoms N4 in the molecules at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, y, 1 − z), respectively, which are themselves components of the R22(10) dimers lying across the rotation axes along (1, y, 1) and (0, y, 0). Propagation of these hydrogen bonds by successive rotations then generates a second chain of linked dimers, this time running parallel to the [101] direction (Fig. 4). The combination of the [001] and [101] chains (Figs. 3 and 4) generates the first of the two-dimensional substructures in the form of a (010) sheet.
In the final substructure, which is also two-dimensional, the reference water O atom at (1/2, y, 1/2) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to the heterocyclic molecules at (x, y, z) and (1 − x, y, 1 − z), and as hydrogen-bond acceptor from the corresponding molecules at (−1/2 + x, 1/2 + y, z) and (3/2 − x, 1/2 + y, 1 − z), and propagation of these two hydrogen bonds in combination generates a (001) sheet built from a single type of R88(32) ring (Fig. 5). The combination of (010) and (001) sheets is sufficient to generate a single three-dimensional framework structure.