organic compounds
1-(6-Amino-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-pyridyl)prop-2-en-1-one crystallizes with Z′ = 2: hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substructures in one and two dimensions, each containing only one type of molecule
aGrupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Valle, AA 25360 Cali, Colombia, bDepartamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain, cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, and dSchool of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland
*Correspondence e-mail: cg@st-andrews.ac.uk
The title compound, C15H12N2O3, crystallizes with Z′ = 2 in the P and the intramolecular dimensions show evidence for a polarized molecular–electronic structure. Each of the two independent types of molecule forms its own hydrogen-bonded supramolecular and these are entirely different from one another: one type of molecule forms a chain of edge-fused rings, while the other type forms sheets.
Comment
Intramolecular Z-chalcones is nowadays one of the most expeditious methods for the synthesis of the biologically significant 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones (Ahmed & van Lier, 2006, 2007; Low, Cobo, Cuervo et al., 2004). We report here the molecular and supramolecular structure of the title compound, (I), as a new example of this class of compound. We have recently reported the structures of the analogues (II)–(VI) (see scheme), which all exhibit completely different modes of supramolecular aggregation (Low et al., 2002; Low, Cobo, Nogueras et al., 2004). In compound (I), the supramolecular structure proves to be different from all examples previously studied.
of 2-amino-Compound (I) crystallizes with Z′ = 2 in the P. The two independent molecules (Fig. 1) are both nearly planar, as shown by the leading torsion angles (Table 1), with the sole exception of the five-membered rings, which both adopt envelope conformations folded across the O⋯O vectors. The ring-puckering parameters φ (Cremer & Pople, 1975) for the atom sequences O1n, Cn2, On3, Cn3a, Cn7a (where n = 1 or 2) are 212.2 (6)° when n = 1 and 30.6 (5)° when n = 2, so that the two molecules within the selected are approximately mirror images of one another.
The bond distances in the two independent molecules are very similar (Table 1) and they provide evidence for significant bond fixation within the aminoaryl rings. For example, the Cn3a—Cn4 and Cn7—Cn7a bonds (where n = 1 or 2) are all short, while the Cn5—Cn6 and Cn6—Cn7 bonds are all long. In addition, the Cn6—Cn8 bonds are short for their type, while the Cn8—On8 bonds are long. This pattern of behaviour closely mimics that in compounds (II)–(VI) and indicates the importance of the charge-separated form A as an important contributor to the overall molecular-electronic structure, alongside the delocalized form B.
In each of the two molecules of (I), there is an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond (Table 2). The actions of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds generate two entirely different substructures, one composed solely of type 1 molecules and other entirely of type 2 molecules. In the type 1 amino atom N15 in the type 1 molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to pyridyl atom N114 in the type 1 molecule at (x, 1 + y, 1 + z), so generating by translation a C(11) chain (Bernstein et al., 1995) running parallel to the [011] direction. In addition, aryl atom C116 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O18 in the type 1 molecule at (1 − x, 2 − y, 1 − z), so generating by inversion an R22(14) ring centred at (, 1, ). The combination of these two motifs then generates a chain of edge-fused rings along [011], with R22(14) rings centred at (, n, n − ) (n = zero or integer), and R44(20) rings, alternatively described as R64(16) rings if the intramolecular hydrogen bond is included, centred at (, n + , n) (n = zero or integer) (Fig. 2).
In contrast with the one-dimensional x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to pyridyl atom N214 in the type 2 molecule at (x, 1 + y, 1 + z), so forming by translation a C(11) chain along [011], exactly analogous to that formed by the type 1 molecules. In addition, atom C22 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O28 in the type 2 molecule at (−1 + x, y, z), so generating by translation a C(8) chain running parallel to the [100] direction. The combination of the [100] and [011] chains generates a sheet lying parallel to (01) and containing equal numbers of S(6) and R54(33) rings (Fig. 3).
formed by the type 1 molecules, the built from type 2 molecules is two-dimensional. Atom N25 in the type 2 molecule at (Thus, the two types of molecule in compound (I) form substructures which are entirely different. There are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent chains of type 1 molecules, or between adjacent sheets of type 2 molecules, nor are there any direction-specific interactions between the two different substructures. Instead, the type 1 chains simply lie between pairs of type 2 sheets.
Two other members of this series also crystallize with Z′ = 2. In compound (V) (Low et al., 2002), the two independent molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form cyclic centrosymmetric tetramers containing two molecules of each type, and the tetramers are further linked into chains by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Compound (III) exhibits concomitant as it crystallizes from solution in dimethylformamide as a mixture of monoclinic (Z′ = 1) and triclinic (Z′ = 2) crystals (Low, Cobo, Nogueras et al., 2004). In the polymorph having Z′ = 2, one type of molecule forms a simple chain and the other type is pendent from it. Neither of compounds (III) and (V) with Z′ = 2 contains two distinct substructures analogous to those found here in compound (I).
For none of compounds (I)–(V), which differ only in the identity of a single substitution in an aryl ring, could the supramolecular structure of any single example be reliably predicted from a detailed knowledge of the supramolecular structures of the remainder. Not even the type of direction-specific intermolecular interaction manifest in each structure is readily predictable. The wide range of supramolecular structures observed in this series, combined on the one hand with the occurrence of two completely distinct and independent substructures formed by the two independent molecules in compound (I) and, on the other, with the occurrence of concomitant in compound (III), together present a very keen challenge to the attempted prediction from first principles of the crystal structures, dominated by weak direction-specific intermolecular forces, of simple molecular compounds, an endeavour where convincing success is still elusive (Lommerse et al., 2000; Motherwell et al., 2002; Day et al., 2005).
Experimental
A solution in ethanol (10 ml) of 6-amino-3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone (2.8 mmol), pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (2.8 mmol) and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 ml of a 20% solution) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The precipitate thus formed was collected by filtration and washed with ethanol, yielding compound (I) as an orange solid (yield 70%; m.p. 469 K). MS (70 eV) m/e (%): 268 (50, [M]+), 190 (100, [M − C5H4N]+). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown from a solution in ethanol.
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Crystals of compound (I) are triclinic. The P was selected and confirmed by the structure analysis. All H atoms were located in difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H = 0.95 (aromatic and alkenic) or 0.99 Å (CH2) and N—H = 0.96 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C,N).
Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1999); cell DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S0108270106055545/gg3063sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270106055545/gg3063Isup2.hkl
A solution in ethanol (10 ml) of 6-amino-3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone (2.8 mmol) and pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (2.8 mmol), and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 ml of a 20% solution), was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The precipitate thus formed was collected by filtration and washed with ethanol, yielding compound (I) as an orange solid (yield 70%; m.p. 469 K). MS (70 eV) m/e (%) 268 (50, [M]+), 190 (100, [M - C5H4N]+). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were grown from a solution in ethanol.
Crystals of compound (I) are triclinic. 1 was selected and confirmed by the structure analysis. All H atoms were located in difference maps and then treated as riding atoms, with C—H = 0.95 (aromatic and alkenic) or 0.99 Å (CH2) and N—H = 0.96 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C,N).
PData collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1999); cell
DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT; data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).Fig. 1. The two independent molecules of compound (I), showing the atom-labelling scheme. (a) A type 1 molecule. (b) A type 2 molecule. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level and H atoms are shown as small spheres of arbitrary radii. | |
Fig. 2. A stereoview of part of the crystal structure of compound (I), showing the formation of a chain of edge-fused rings along [011] containing only type 1 molecules. | |
Fig. 3. A stereoview of part of the crystal structure of compound (I), showing the formation of a sheet parallel to (011) containing only type 2 molecules. |
C15H12N2O3 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 268.27 | F(000) = 560 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.447 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Melting point: 469 K |
a = 10.1044 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 11.7533 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 5675 reflections |
c = 12.1655 (5) Å | θ = 2.0–27.7° |
α = 117.232 (2)° | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
β = 97.480 (3)° | T = 120 K |
γ = 99.585 (2)° | Lath, orange |
V = 1231.11 (9) Å3 | 0.44 × 0.38 × 0.07 mm |
Bruker Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 5675 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker-Nonius FR591 rotating anode | 3599 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.067 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.7°, θmin = 2.0° |
ϕ and ω scans | h = −12→13 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | k = −15→15 |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.993 | l = −15→15 |
28373 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.169 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0873P)2 + 0.3836P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
5675 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
361 parameters | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
C15H12N2O3 | γ = 99.585 (2)° |
Mr = 268.27 | V = 1231.11 (9) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 4 |
a = 10.1044 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 11.7533 (5) Å | µ = 0.10 mm−1 |
c = 12.1655 (5) Å | T = 120 K |
α = 117.232 (2)° | 0.44 × 0.38 × 0.07 mm |
β = 97.480 (3)° |
Bruker Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 5675 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) | 3599 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.967, Tmax = 0.993 | Rint = 0.067 |
28373 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.169 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
5675 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
361 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O11 | −0.14597 (16) | 0.81061 (15) | 0.70775 (15) | 0.0336 (4) | |
C12 | −0.1572 (3) | 0.8620 (2) | 0.8368 (2) | 0.0379 (6) | |
O13 | −0.11094 (16) | 1.00477 (15) | 0.89636 (15) | 0.0344 (4) | |
C13a | −0.0283 (2) | 1.0269 (2) | 0.8237 (2) | 0.0285 (5) | |
C14 | 0.0586 (2) | 1.1432 (2) | 0.8505 (2) | 0.0286 (5) | |
C15 | 0.1316 (2) | 1.1420 (2) | 0.7573 (2) | 0.0280 (5) | |
N15 | 0.2151 (2) | 1.25811 (18) | 0.78232 (18) | 0.0348 (5) | |
C16 | 0.1142 (2) | 1.0217 (2) | 0.6418 (2) | 0.0263 (5) | |
C17 | 0.0209 (2) | 0.9043 (2) | 0.6197 (2) | 0.0275 (5) | |
C17a | −0.0468 (2) | 0.9100 (2) | 0.7107 (2) | 0.0273 (5) | |
C18 | 0.1968 (2) | 1.0156 (2) | 0.5502 (2) | 0.0272 (5) | |
O18 | 0.28357 (17) | 1.11338 (15) | 0.56612 (15) | 0.0361 (4) | |
C19 | 0.1813 (2) | 0.8862 (2) | 0.4339 (2) | 0.0283 (5) | |
C110 | 0.2840 (2) | 0.8611 (2) | 0.3773 (2) | 0.0316 (5) | |
C111 | 0.2807 (2) | 0.7381 (2) | 0.2616 (2) | 0.0302 (5) | |
C112 | 0.1604 (2) | 0.6391 (2) | 0.1879 (2) | 0.0344 (5) | |
C113 | 0.1676 (3) | 0.5260 (2) | 0.0821 (2) | 0.0368 (6) | |
N114 | 0.2830 (2) | 0.50550 (19) | 0.04332 (18) | 0.0349 (5) | |
C115 | 0.3984 (3) | 0.6020 (2) | 0.1142 (2) | 0.0348 (5) | |
C116 | 0.4018 (2) | 0.7177 (2) | 0.2222 (2) | 0.0337 (5) | |
O21 | 0.00445 (14) | 0.43558 (15) | 0.60453 (15) | 0.0323 (4) | |
C22 | −0.0560 (2) | 0.5410 (2) | 0.6742 (2) | 0.0369 (6) | |
O23 | 0.03442 (15) | 0.62087 (16) | 0.79995 (15) | 0.0353 (4) | |
C23a | 0.1615 (2) | 0.5987 (2) | 0.7828 (2) | 0.0266 (5) | |
C24 | 0.2862 (2) | 0.6683 (2) | 0.8646 (2) | 0.0277 (5) | |
C25 | 0.4051 (2) | 0.6289 (2) | 0.8240 (2) | 0.0247 (5) | |
N25 | 0.53018 (18) | 0.70101 (18) | 0.90334 (17) | 0.0305 (4) | |
C26 | 0.3890 (2) | 0.51655 (19) | 0.70231 (19) | 0.0229 (4) | |
C27 | 0.2543 (2) | 0.4463 (2) | 0.6218 (2) | 0.0254 (5) | |
C27a | 0.1449 (2) | 0.4892 (2) | 0.6636 (2) | 0.0252 (5) | |
C28 | 0.5102 (2) | 0.4786 (2) | 0.6557 (2) | 0.0247 (5) | |
O28 | 0.63014 (14) | 0.54780 (15) | 0.71139 (14) | 0.0298 (4) | |
C29 | 0.4877 (2) | 0.3505 (2) | 0.5372 (2) | 0.0284 (5) | |
C210 | 0.5845 (2) | 0.3201 (2) | 0.4734 (2) | 0.0266 (5) | |
C211 | 0.5699 (2) | 0.1955 (2) | 0.3567 (2) | 0.0258 (5) | |
C212 | 0.4470 (2) | 0.0968 (2) | 0.2976 (2) | 0.0351 (6) | |
C213 | 0.4398 (3) | −0.0163 (2) | 0.1869 (2) | 0.0400 (6) | |
N214 | 0.5456 (2) | −0.03995 (19) | 0.13096 (18) | 0.0357 (5) | |
C215 | 0.6631 (2) | 0.0542 (2) | 0.1887 (2) | 0.0325 (5) | |
C216 | 0.6800 (2) | 0.1721 (2) | 0.3004 (2) | 0.0302 (5) | |
H11A | −0.0987 | 0.8286 | 0.8810 | 0.045* | |
H11B | −0.2541 | 0.8350 | 0.8402 | 0.045* | |
H14 | 0.0700 | 1.2220 | 0.9284 | 0.034* | |
H15A | 0.2674 | 1.2540 | 0.7207 | 0.042* | |
H15B | 0.2375 | 1.3353 | 0.8649 | 0.042* | |
H17 | 0.0063 | 0.8235 | 0.5428 | 0.033* | |
H19 | 0.0958 | 0.8209 | 0.4001 | 0.034* | |
H110 | 0.3680 | 0.9286 | 0.4145 | 0.038* | |
H112 | 0.0745 | 0.6487 | 0.2097 | 0.041* | |
H113 | 0.0845 | 0.4585 | 0.0338 | 0.044* | |
H115 | 0.4825 | 0.5904 | 0.0889 | 0.042* | |
H116 | 0.4867 | 0.7829 | 0.2692 | 0.040* | |
H22A | −0.1493 | 0.5050 | 0.6795 | 0.044* | |
H22B | −0.0642 | 0.5949 | 0.6317 | 0.044* | |
H24 | 0.2942 | 0.7409 | 0.9463 | 0.033* | |
H25A | 0.6113 | 0.6787 | 0.8751 | 0.037* | |
H25B | 0.5334 | 0.7815 | 0.9784 | 0.037* | |
H27 | 0.2416 | 0.3712 | 0.5407 | 0.030* | |
H29 | 0.4005 | 0.2880 | 0.5062 | 0.034* | |
H210 | 0.6707 | 0.3843 | 0.5058 | 0.032* | |
H212 | 0.3687 | 0.1073 | 0.3333 | 0.042* | |
H213 | 0.3544 | −0.0820 | 0.1475 | 0.048* | |
H215 | 0.7401 | 0.0402 | 0.1515 | 0.039* | |
H216 | 0.7666 | 0.2360 | 0.3379 | 0.036* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O11 | 0.0344 (9) | 0.0272 (8) | 0.0312 (9) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0088 (7) | 0.0093 (7) |
C12 | 0.0463 (14) | 0.0303 (13) | 0.0322 (13) | 0.0075 (11) | 0.0141 (11) | 0.0108 (11) |
O13 | 0.0385 (9) | 0.0299 (9) | 0.0311 (9) | 0.0085 (7) | 0.0148 (7) | 0.0103 (7) |
C13a | 0.0293 (11) | 0.0296 (12) | 0.0255 (11) | 0.0114 (10) | 0.0079 (9) | 0.0111 (10) |
C14 | 0.0340 (12) | 0.0224 (12) | 0.0205 (11) | 0.0095 (10) | 0.0050 (9) | 0.0030 (9) |
C15 | 0.0298 (11) | 0.0237 (11) | 0.0250 (11) | 0.0079 (9) | 0.0043 (9) | 0.0076 (10) |
N15 | 0.0467 (12) | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0243 (10) | 0.0016 (9) | 0.0119 (9) | 0.0018 (8) |
C16 | 0.0262 (11) | 0.0227 (11) | 0.0225 (11) | 0.0071 (9) | 0.0042 (9) | 0.0051 (9) |
C17 | 0.0283 (11) | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0221 (11) | 0.0081 (9) | 0.0036 (9) | 0.0036 (9) |
C17a | 0.0264 (11) | 0.0231 (11) | 0.0280 (12) | 0.0057 (9) | 0.0048 (9) | 0.0096 (10) |
C18 | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0241 (12) | 0.0230 (11) | 0.0055 (10) | 0.0039 (9) | 0.0066 (10) |
O18 | 0.0401 (9) | 0.0259 (9) | 0.0291 (9) | 0.0023 (7) | 0.0127 (7) | 0.0038 (7) |
C19 | 0.0320 (12) | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0212 (11) | 0.0059 (9) | 0.0053 (9) | 0.0043 (9) |
C110 | 0.0312 (12) | 0.0269 (12) | 0.0224 (11) | 0.0039 (10) | 0.0032 (9) | 0.0025 (10) |
C111 | 0.0346 (12) | 0.0277 (12) | 0.0222 (11) | 0.0096 (10) | 0.0057 (9) | 0.0071 (10) |
C112 | 0.0340 (12) | 0.0311 (13) | 0.0265 (12) | 0.0105 (10) | 0.0059 (10) | 0.0044 (10) |
C113 | 0.0389 (13) | 0.0283 (13) | 0.0293 (13) | 0.0073 (11) | 0.0020 (11) | 0.0048 (11) |
N114 | 0.0461 (12) | 0.0311 (11) | 0.0220 (10) | 0.0156 (10) | 0.0070 (9) | 0.0068 (9) |
C115 | 0.0411 (13) | 0.0333 (13) | 0.0263 (12) | 0.0148 (11) | 0.0119 (11) | 0.0087 (11) |
C116 | 0.0345 (12) | 0.0332 (13) | 0.0273 (12) | 0.0090 (10) | 0.0077 (10) | 0.0096 (11) |
O21 | 0.0209 (8) | 0.0297 (9) | 0.0307 (9) | 0.0051 (6) | 0.0030 (6) | 0.0035 (7) |
C22 | 0.0279 (12) | 0.0367 (13) | 0.0306 (13) | 0.0123 (10) | 0.0026 (10) | 0.0036 (11) |
O23 | 0.0241 (8) | 0.0380 (9) | 0.0304 (9) | 0.0114 (7) | 0.0073 (7) | 0.0045 (8) |
C23a | 0.0250 (11) | 0.0256 (11) | 0.0254 (11) | 0.0086 (9) | 0.0084 (9) | 0.0082 (10) |
C24 | 0.0297 (11) | 0.0235 (11) | 0.0202 (11) | 0.0074 (9) | 0.0047 (9) | 0.0030 (9) |
C25 | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0210 (11) | 0.0234 (11) | 0.0042 (9) | 0.0045 (9) | 0.0070 (9) |
N25 | 0.0250 (9) | 0.0251 (10) | 0.0250 (10) | 0.0055 (8) | 0.0039 (8) | −0.0003 (8) |
C26 | 0.0241 (10) | 0.0189 (10) | 0.0204 (10) | 0.0048 (8) | 0.0060 (8) | 0.0056 (9) |
C27 | 0.0273 (11) | 0.0186 (10) | 0.0219 (11) | 0.0039 (9) | 0.0040 (9) | 0.0043 (9) |
C27a | 0.0205 (10) | 0.0223 (11) | 0.0248 (11) | 0.0026 (9) | 0.0024 (9) | 0.0067 (9) |
C28 | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0236 (11) | 0.0057 (9) | 0.0062 (9) | 0.0101 (9) |
O28 | 0.0222 (8) | 0.0291 (8) | 0.0262 (8) | 0.0038 (7) | 0.0046 (6) | 0.0051 (7) |
C29 | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0221 (11) | 0.0268 (12) | 0.0033 (9) | 0.0046 (9) | 0.0034 (9) |
C210 | 0.0255 (11) | 0.0252 (11) | 0.0229 (11) | 0.0049 (9) | 0.0044 (9) | 0.0076 (10) |
C211 | 0.0287 (11) | 0.0239 (11) | 0.0206 (11) | 0.0091 (9) | 0.0045 (9) | 0.0070 (9) |
C212 | 0.0274 (12) | 0.0296 (13) | 0.0321 (13) | 0.0065 (10) | 0.0076 (10) | 0.0019 (11) |
C213 | 0.0339 (13) | 0.0295 (13) | 0.0364 (14) | 0.0057 (11) | 0.0063 (11) | 0.0010 (11) |
N214 | 0.0392 (11) | 0.0308 (11) | 0.0295 (11) | 0.0151 (9) | 0.0081 (9) | 0.0066 (9) |
C215 | 0.0338 (12) | 0.0332 (13) | 0.0275 (12) | 0.0137 (11) | 0.0114 (10) | 0.0098 (11) |
C216 | 0.0302 (11) | 0.0295 (12) | 0.0267 (12) | 0.0094 (10) | 0.0087 (9) | 0.0094 (10) |
O11—C17a | 1.390 (3) | O21—C27a | 1.396 (2) |
O11—C12 | 1.430 (3) | O21—C22 | 1.433 (3) |
C12—O13 | 1.448 (3) | C22—O23 | 1.447 (3) |
C12—H11A | 0.99 | C22—H22A | 0.99 |
C12—H11B | 0.99 | C22—H22B | 0.99 |
O13—C13a | 1.370 (3) | O23—C23a | 1.376 (3) |
C13a—C14 | 1.364 (3) | C23a—C24 | 1.353 (3) |
C14—C15 | 1.427 (3) | C24—C25 | 1.426 (3) |
C15—C16 | 1.428 (3) | C25—C26 | 1.428 (3) |
C16—C17 | 1.425 (3) | C26—C27 | 1.426 (3) |
C17—C17a | 1.357 (3) | C27—C27a | 1.354 (3) |
C17a—C13a | 1.390 (3) | C27a—C23a | 1.394 (3) |
C14—H14 | 0.95 | C24—H24 | 0.95 |
C15—N15 | 1.356 (3) | C25—N25 | 1.351 (3) |
N15—H15A | 0.9599 | N25—H25A | 0.9599 |
N15—H15B | 0.96 | N25—H25B | 0.96 |
C16—C18 | 1.459 (3) | C26—C28 | 1.467 (3) |
C17—H17 | 0.95 | C27—H27 | 0.95 |
C18—O18 | 1.242 (3) | C28—O28 | 1.242 (2) |
C18—C19 | 1.494 (3) | C28—C29 | 1.487 (3) |
C19—C110 | 1.319 (3) | C29—C210 | 1.322 (3) |
C19—H19 | 0.95 | C29—H29 | 0.95 |
C110—C111 | 1.477 (3) | C210—C211 | 1.467 (3) |
C110—H110 | 0.95 | C210—H210 | 0.95 |
C111—C112 | 1.388 (3) | C211—C216 | 1.382 (3) |
C111—C116 | 1.390 (3) | C211—C212 | 1.389 (3) |
C112—C113 | 1.385 (3) | C212—C213 | 1.375 (3) |
C112—H112 | 0.95 | C212—H212 | 0.95 |
C113—N114 | 1.332 (3) | C213—N214 | 1.341 (3) |
C113—H113 | 0.95 | C213—H213 | 0.95 |
N114—C115 | 1.339 (3) | N214—C215 | 1.327 (3) |
C115—C116 | 1.384 (3) | C215—C216 | 1.391 (3) |
C115—H115 | 0.95 | C215—H215 | 0.95 |
C116—H116 | 0.95 | C216—H216 | 0.95 |
C17a—O11—C12 | 104.08 (17) | C27a—O21—C22 | 103.21 (16) |
O11—C12—O13 | 106.63 (17) | O21—C22—O23 | 106.73 (17) |
O11—C12—H11A | 110.4 | O21—C22—H22A | 110.4 |
O13—C12—H11A | 110.4 | O23—C22—H22A | 110.4 |
O11—C12—H11B | 110.4 | O21—C22—H22B | 110.4 |
O13—C12—H11B | 110.4 | O23—C22—H22B | 110.4 |
H11A—C12—H11B | 108.6 | H22A—C22—H22B | 108.6 |
C13a—O13—C12 | 104.61 (17) | C23a—O23—C22 | 104.26 (16) |
C14—C13a—O13 | 128.0 (2) | C24—C23a—O23 | 127.80 (19) |
C14—C13a—C17a | 122.4 (2) | C24—C23a—C27a | 122.97 (19) |
O13—C13a—C17a | 109.52 (19) | O23—C23a—C27a | 109.23 (18) |
C13a—C14—C15 | 117.59 (19) | C23a—C24—C25 | 117.72 (19) |
C13a—C14—H14 | 121.2 | C23a—C24—H24 | 121.1 |
C15—C14—H14 | 121.2 | C25—C24—H24 | 121.1 |
N15—C15—C14 | 117.67 (19) | N25—C25—C24 | 117.98 (19) |
N15—C15—C16 | 122.13 (19) | N25—C25—C26 | 122.32 (18) |
C14—C15—C16 | 120.19 (19) | C24—C25—C26 | 119.70 (19) |
C15—N15—H15A | 116.2 | C25—N25—H25A | 118.8 |
C15—N15—H15B | 121.7 | C25—N25—H25B | 117.3 |
H15A—N15—H15B | 120.6 | H25A—N25—H25B | 122.9 |
C17—C16—C15 | 119.13 (19) | C27—C26—C25 | 119.58 (18) |
C17—C16—C18 | 119.66 (19) | C27—C26—C28 | 119.66 (18) |
C15—C16—C18 | 121.09 (19) | C25—C26—C28 | 120.62 (18) |
C17a—C17—C16 | 118.7 (2) | C27a—C27—C26 | 118.51 (19) |
C17a—C17—H17 | 120.6 | C27a—C27—H27 | 120.7 |
C16—C17—H17 | 120.6 | C26—C27—H27 | 120.7 |
C17—C17a—O11 | 128.7 (2) | C27—C27a—C23a | 121.49 (19) |
C17—C17a—C13a | 121.9 (2) | C27—C27a—O21 | 129.09 (19) |
O11—C17a—C13a | 109.30 (18) | C23a—C27a—O21 | 109.37 (17) |
O18—C18—C16 | 122.81 (19) | O28—C28—C26 | 122.98 (19) |
O18—C18—C19 | 117.69 (19) | O28—C28—C29 | 118.84 (18) |
C16—C18—C19 | 119.46 (18) | C26—C28—C29 | 118.17 (18) |
C110—C19—C18 | 121.2 (2) | C210—C29—C28 | 122.5 (2) |
C110—C19—H19 | 119.4 | C210—C29—H29 | 118.7 |
C18—C19—H19 | 119.4 | C28—C29—H29 | 118.7 |
C19—C110—C111 | 126.2 (2) | C29—C210—C211 | 125.4 (2) |
C19—C110—H110 | 116.9 | C29—C210—H210 | 117.3 |
C111—C110—H110 | 116.9 | C211—C210—H210 | 117.3 |
C112—C111—C116 | 117.0 (2) | C216—C211—C212 | 117.03 (19) |
C112—C111—C110 | 123.0 (2) | C216—C211—C210 | 120.53 (19) |
C116—C111—C110 | 120.0 (2) | C212—C211—C210 | 122.44 (19) |
C113—C112—C111 | 119.0 (2) | C213—C212—C211 | 119.3 (2) |
C113—C112—H112 | 120.5 | C213—C212—H212 | 120.3 |
C111—C112—H112 | 120.5 | C211—C212—H212 | 120.3 |
N114—C113—C112 | 124.4 (2) | N214—C213—C212 | 124.2 (2) |
N114—C113—H113 | 117.8 | N214—C213—H213 | 117.9 |
C112—C113—H113 | 117.8 | C212—C213—H213 | 117.9 |
C113—N114—C115 | 116.22 (19) | C215—N214—C213 | 116.1 (2) |
N114—C115—C116 | 123.5 (2) | N214—C215—C216 | 123.7 (2) |
N114—C115—H115 | 118.2 | N214—C215—H215 | 118.1 |
C116—C115—H115 | 118.2 | C216—C215—H215 | 118.1 |
C115—C116—C111 | 119.8 (2) | C211—C216—C215 | 119.6 (2) |
C115—C116—H116 | 120.1 | C211—C216—H216 | 120.2 |
C111—C116—H116 | 120.1 | C215—C216—H216 | 120.2 |
C17a—O11—C12—O13 | 23.8 (2) | C27a—O21—C22—O23 | −26.5 (2) |
O11—C12—O13—C13a | −23.0 (2) | O21—C22—O23—C23a | 25.2 (2) |
C12—O13—C13a—C14 | −168.3 (2) | C22—O23—C23a—C24 | 166.1 (2) |
C12—O13—C13a—C17a | 13.2 (2) | C22—O23—C23a—C27a | −13.9 (2) |
O13—C13a—C14—C15 | −178.2 (2) | O23—C23a—C24—C25 | −178.0 (2) |
C17a—C13a—C14—C15 | 0.1 (3) | C27a—C23a—C24—C25 | 1.9 (3) |
C13a—C14—C15—N15 | 178.3 (2) | C23a—C24—C25—N25 | 177.55 (19) |
C13a—C14—C15—C16 | −0.9 (3) | C23a—C24—C25—C26 | −2.1 (3) |
N15—C15—C16—C17 | −177.7 (2) | N25—C25—C26—C27 | −178.58 (19) |
C14—C15—C16—C17 | 1.5 (3) | C24—C25—C26—C27 | 1.0 (3) |
N15—C15—C16—C18 | 6.2 (3) | N25—C25—C26—C28 | −3.0 (3) |
C14—C15—C16—C18 | −174.59 (19) | C24—C25—C26—C28 | 176.60 (19) |
C15—C16—C17—C17a | −1.2 (3) | C25—C26—C27—C27a | 0.3 (3) |
C18—C16—C17—C17a | 174.90 (19) | C28—C26—C27—C27a | −175.32 (19) |
C16—C17—C17a—O11 | 176.9 (2) | C26—C27—C27a—C23a | −0.6 (3) |
C16—C17—C17a—C13a | 0.4 (3) | C26—C27—C27a—O21 | −178.0 (2) |
C12—O11—C17a—C17 | 167.2 (2) | C24—C23a—C27a—C27 | −0.6 (3) |
C12—O11—C17a—C13a | −15.9 (2) | O23—C23a—C27a—C27 | 179.35 (19) |
C14—C13a—C17a—C17 | 0.1 (3) | C24—C23a—C27a—O21 | 177.3 (2) |
O13—C13a—C17a—C17 | 178.75 (19) | O23—C23a—C27a—O21 | −2.7 (2) |
C14—C13a—C17a—O11 | −176.97 (19) | C22—O21—C27a—C27 | −164.1 (2) |
O13—C13a—C17a—O11 | 1.6 (2) | C22—O21—C27a—C23a | 18.2 (2) |
C17—C16—C18—O18 | −177.3 (2) | C27—C26—C28—O28 | 167.84 (19) |
C15—C16—C18—O18 | −1.3 (3) | C25—C26—C28—O28 | −7.7 (3) |
C17—C16—C18—C19 | 0.5 (3) | C27—C26—C28—C29 | −13.1 (3) |
C15—C16—C18—C19 | 176.55 (19) | C25—C26—C28—C29 | 171.38 (18) |
O18—C18—C19—C110 | 25.7 (3) | O28—C28—C29—C210 | −15.3 (3) |
C16—C18—C19—C110 | −152.2 (2) | C26—C28—C29—C210 | 165.6 (2) |
C18—C19—C110—C111 | −179.3 (2) | C28—C29—C210—C211 | 179.56 (19) |
C19—C110—C111—C112 | 9.0 (4) | C29—C210—C211—C216 | −177.4 (2) |
C19—C110—C111—C116 | −171.2 (2) | C29—C210—C211—C212 | 2.8 (3) |
C116—C111—C112—C113 | 1.2 (3) | C216—C211—C212—C213 | −1.2 (3) |
C110—C111—C112—C113 | −178.9 (2) | C210—C211—C212—C213 | 178.6 (2) |
C111—C112—C113—N114 | −1.4 (4) | C211—C212—C213—N214 | 0.8 (4) |
C112—C113—N114—C115 | 0.7 (3) | C212—C213—N214—C215 | −0.1 (4) |
C113—N114—C115—C116 | 0.1 (3) | C213—N214—C215—C216 | −0.2 (3) |
N114—C115—C116—C111 | −0.2 (4) | C212—C211—C216—C215 | 0.9 (3) |
C112—C111—C116—C115 | −0.5 (3) | C210—C211—C216—C215 | −178.9 (2) |
C110—C111—C116—C115 | 179.7 (2) | N214—C215—C216—C211 | −0.2 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N15—H15A···O18 | 0.96 | 1.90 | 2.657 (3) | 134 |
N15—H15B···N114i | 0.96 | 2.09 | 3.054 (3) | 179 |
C116—H116···O18ii | 0.95 | 2.55 | 3.430 (3) | 154 |
N25—H25A···O28 | 0.96 | 1.94 | 2.662 (2) | 130 |
N25—H25B···N214i | 0.96 | 2.04 | 2.996 (3) | 176 |
C22—H22A···O28iii | 0.99 | 2.41 | 3.270 (3) | 145 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) x−1, y, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C15H12N2O3 |
Mr | 268.27 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 10.1044 (3), 11.7533 (5), 12.1655 (5) |
α, β, γ (°) | 117.232 (2), 97.480 (3), 99.585 (2) |
V (Å3) | 1231.11 (9) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.10 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.44 × 0.38 × 0.07 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.967, 0.993 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 28373, 5675, 3599 |
Rint | 0.067 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.655 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.059, 0.169, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 5675 |
No. of parameters | 361 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.25, −0.30 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1999), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) and COLLECT, DENZO and COLLECT, OSCAIL (McArdle, 2003) and SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), OSCAIL and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXL97 and PRPKAPPA (Ferguson, 1999).
C13a—C14 | 1.364 (3) | C23a—C24 | 1.353 (3) |
C14—C15 | 1.427 (3) | C24—C25 | 1.426 (3) |
C15—C16 | 1.428 (3) | C25—C26 | 1.428 (3) |
C16—C17 | 1.425 (3) | C26—C27 | 1.426 (3) |
C17—C17a | 1.357 (3) | C27—C27a | 1.354 (3) |
C17a—C13a | 1.390 (3) | C27a—C23a | 1.394 (3) |
C15—N15 | 1.356 (3) | C25—N25 | 1.351 (3) |
C16—C18 | 1.459 (3) | C26—C28 | 1.467 (3) |
C18—O18 | 1.242 (3) | C28—O28 | 1.242 (2) |
C15—C16—C18—C19 | 176.55 (19) | C25—C26—C28—C29 | 171.38 (18) |
C16—C18—C19—C110 | −152.2 (2) | C26—C28—C29—C210 | 165.6 (2) |
C18—C19—C110—C111 | −179.3 (2) | C28—C29—C210—C211 | 179.56 (19) |
C19—C110—C111—C112 | 9.0 (4) | C29—C210—C211—C212 | 2.8 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N15—H15A···O18 | 0.96 | 1.90 | 2.657 (3) | 134 |
N15—H15B···N114i | 0.96 | 2.09 | 3.054 (3) | 179 |
C116—H116···O18ii | 0.95 | 2.55 | 3.430 (3) | 154 |
N25—H25A···O28 | 0.96 | 1.94 | 2.662 (2) | 130 |
N25—H25B···N214i | 0.96 | 2.04 | 2.996 (3) | 176 |
C22—H22A···O28iii | 0.99 | 2.41 | 3.270 (3) | 145 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y+1, z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) x−1, y, z. |
Acknowledgements
X-ray data were collected at the EPSRC National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, England. JC thanks the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) and the Universidad de Jaén for financial support. PC and RA thank COLCIENCIAS and UNIVALLE (Universidad del Valle, Colombia) for financial support; RA also thanks AUIP for supporting a research trip to Universidad de Jaén.
References
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Intramolecular cyclization of 2-amino-Z-chalcones is nowadays one of the most expeditious methods for the synthesis of the biologically significant 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones (Ahmed & van Lier, 2006, 2007; Low, Cobo, Cuervo et al., 2004). Here, we report the molecular and supramolecular structure of the title compound, (I), as a new example of this class of compound. We have recently reported the structures of the analogues (II)–(VI), which all exhibit completely different modes of supramolecular aggregation (Low et al., 2002; Low, Cobo, Nogueras et al., 2004). In compound (I), the supramolecular structure proves to be different from all examples previously studied.
Compound (I) crystallizes with Z' = 2 in space group P1. The two independent molecules (Fig. 1) are both nearly planar, as shown by the leading torsion angles (Table 1), with the sole exception of the five-membered rings, which both adopt envelope conformations folded across the O···O vectors. The ring-puckering parameters ϕ (Cremer & Pople, 1975) for the atom sequences O1n, Cn2, On3, Cn3a, Cn7a (where n = 1 or 2) are 212.2 (6)° when n = 1 and 30.6 (5)° when n = 2, so that the two molecules within the selected asymmetric unit are approximately mirror images of one another.
The bond distances in the two independent molecules are very similar (Table 1) and they provide evidence for significant bond fixation within the aminoaryl rings. For example, the Cn3a—Cn4 and Cn7—Cn7a bonds (where n = 1 or 2) are all short, while the Cn5—Cn6 and Cn6—Cn7 bonds are all long. In addition, the Cn6—Cn8 bonds are short for their type, while the Cn8—On8 bonds are long. This pattern of behaviour closely mimics that in compounds (II)–(VI) and indicates the importance of the charge-separated form (A) as an important contributor to the overall molecular-electronic structure, alongside the delocalized form (B).
In each of the two molecules of (I), there is an intramolecular N—H···O hydrogen bond (Table 2). The actions of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds generate two entirely different sub-structures, one composed solely of type 1 molecules and other entirely of type 2 molecules. In the type 1 sub-structure, amino atom N15 in the type 1 molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to pyridyl atom N114 in the type 1 molecule at (x, 1 + y, 1 + z), so generating by translation a C(11) chain (Bernstein et al., 1995) running parallel to the [011] direction. In addition, aryl atom C116 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O18 in the type 1 molecule at (1 - x, 2 - y, 1 - z), so generating by inversion an R22(14) ring centred at (1/2, 1, 1/2). The combination of these two motifs then generates a chain of edge-fused rings along [011], with R22(14) rings centred at (1/2, n, n - 1/2) (n = zero or integer), and R44(20) rings, alternatively described as R46(16) rings if the intramolecular hydrogen bond is included, centred at (1/2, n + 1/2, n) (n = zero or integer) (Fig. 2).
In contrast with the one-dimensional sub-structure formed by the type 1 molecules, the sub-structure built from type 2 molecules is two dimensional. Atom N25 in the type 2 molecule at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to the pyridyl atom N214 in the type 2 molecule at (x, 1 + y, 1 + z), so forming by translation a C(11) chain along [011], exactly analogous to that formed by the type 1 molecules. In addition, atom C22 at (x, y, z) acts as hydrogen-bond donor to carbonyl atom O28 in the type 2 molecule at (-1 + x, y, z), so generating by translation a C(8) chain running parallel to the [100] direction. The combination of the [100] and [011] chains generates a sheet lying parallel to (011) and containing equal numbers of S(6) and R45(33) rings (Fig. 3).
Thus, the two types of molecule in compound (I) form sub-structures which are entirely different. There are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent chains of type 1 molecules, or between adjacent sheets of type 2 molecules, nor are there any direction-specific interactions between the two different sub-structures. Instead, the type 1 chains simply lie between pairs of type 2 sheets.
Two other members of this series also crystallize with Z' = 2. In compound (V) (Low et al., 2002), the two independent molecules are linked by N—H···O hydrogen bonds to form cyclic centrosymmetric tetramers containing two molecules of each type, and the tetramers are further linked into chains by C—H···O hydrogen bonds. Compound (III) exhibits concomitant polymorphism as it crystallizes from solution in dimethylformamide as a mixture of monoclinic (Z' = 1) and triclinic (Z' = 2) crystals (Low, Cobo, Cuervo et al., 2004 or Low, Cobo, Nogueras et al., 2004?). In the polymorph having Z' = 2, one type of molecule forms a simple chain and the other type is pendent from it. Neither of these compounds, (III) and (V), with Z' = 2 contains two distinct sub-structures analogous to those found here in compound (I).
For none of the compounds (I)–(V), which differ only in the identity of a single substitution in an aryl ring, could the supramolecular structure of any single example be reliably predicted from a detailed knowledge of the supramolecular structures of the remainder. Not even the type of direction-specific intermolecular interaction manifest in each structure is readily predictable. The wide range of supramolecular structures observed in this series, combined on the one hand with the occurrence of two completely distinct and independent sub-structures formed by the two independent molecules in compound (I) and, on the other, with the occurrence of concomitant polymorphism in compound (III), together present a very keen challenge to the attempted prediction from first principles of the crystal structures, dominated by weak direction-specific intermolecular forces, of simple molecular compounds, an endeavour where convincing success is still elusive (Lommerse et al., 2000; Motherwell et al., 2002; Day et al., 2005).