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organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoSTRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY
ISSN: 2053-2296
Volume 67| Part 8| August 2011| Pages o278-o282
doi:10.1107/S0108270111022293

N-(tert-But­­oxy­carbon­yl)-L-valyl-L-valine methyl ester: a twisted parallel β-sheet in the crystal structure of a protected dipeptide

CROSSMARK_Color_square_no_text.svg
Øyvind Jacobsen,a Hadgu Girmay Gebreslasie,b Jo Klaveness,a Pål Rongveda and Carl Henrik Görbitzb*

aSchool of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway, and bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
*Correspondence e-mail: c.h.gorbitz@kjemi.uio.no

(Received 18 May 2011; accepted 8 June 2011; online 5 July 2011)

The title compound, C16H30N2O5, crystallizes with three mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, each adopting a β-strand/polyproline II backbone conformation. The main-chain functional groups are hydrogen bonded into tapes having the characteristics of parallel β-sheets. Each tape has a left-handed twist and thus forms a helix, with six peptide mol­ecules needed to complete a full 360° rotation. A comparison of hydrogen-bond lengths and twisting modes is made with other related structures of protected dipeptides and with a hexa­peptide derived from amyloid-β containing the Val–Val segment. Additionally, a comparison of the backbone conformation is made with that of the Val141–Val142 segment of the water channel aqua­porin-4 (AQP4).

Comment

The water channel aqua­porin-4 (AQP4) is a tetra­meric integral membrane protein selectively transporting water across the cell membrane, and constitutes an important clinical target for the treatment of brain oedema (Manley et al., 2000[Manley, G. T., Fujimura, M., Ma, T., Noshita, N., Filiz, F., Bollen, A. W., Chan, P. & Verkman, A. S. (2000). Nat. Med. 6, 159-163.]; Amiry-Moghaddam & Ottersen, 2003[Amiry-Moghaddam, M. & Ottersen, O. P. (2003). Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4, 991-1001.]). In addition to its primary function as a passive water transporter, it has also been postulated that AQP4 may play a role in cell–cell adhesion (Hiroaki et al., 2006[Hiroaki, Y., Tani, K., Kamegawa, A., Gyobu, N., Nishikawa, K., Suzuki, H., Walz, T., Sasaki, S., Mitsuoka, K., Kimura, K., Mizoguchi, A. & Fujiyoshi, Y. (2006). J. Mol. Biol. 355, 628-639.]). The structure of the M23 isoform of rat AQP4 (rAQP4) was recently determined to 3.2 Å resolution by electron diffraction (ED) on two-dimensional crystals [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 2D57 ; Hiroaki et al., 2006[Hiroaki, Y., Tani, K., Kamegawa, A., Gyobu, N., Nishikawa, K., Suzuki, H., Walz, T., Sasaki, S., Mitsuoka, K., Kimura, K., Mizoguchi, A. & Fujiyoshi, Y. (2006). J. Mol. Biol. 355, 628-639.]]. This has subsequently been improved to 2.8 Å resolution for an ED structure of an S180D mutant of rAQP4M23 (PDB code 2ZZ9 ; Tani et al., 2009[Tani, K., Mitsuma, T., Hiroaki, Y., Kamegawa, A., Nishikawa, K., Tanimura, Y. & Fujiyoshi, Y. (2009). J. Mol. Biol. 389, 694-706.]) and 1.8 Å for an X-ray structure of a truncated version of human AQP4 (PDB code 3GD8 ; Ho et al., 2009[Ho, J. D., Yeh, R., Sandstrom, A., Chorny, I., Harries, W. E. C., Robbins, R. A., Miercke, L. J. W. & Stroud, R. M. (2009). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 7437-7442.]). The ED structures revealed that adhesive inter­actions between rAQP4 tetra­mers in contiguous membranes are mediated by Pro139 and Val142 in the extracellular loop C. The Ser140–Gly144 segment of loop C forms a short 310-helix. We believe that compounds mimicking the primary structure and conformation of a loop C segment containing at least one of the residues mediating adhesion can potentially have affinity for AQP4 and serve as lead compounds for the development of selective AQP4 ligands and, eventually, AQP4 inhibitors. As part of our ongoing synthetic and structural studies of mimics of loop C segments (Jacobsen et al., 2009[Jacobsen, Ø., Klaveness, J., Ottersen, O., Amiry-Moghaddam, M. & Rongved, P. (2009). Org. Biomol. Chem. 7, 1599-1611.]), the title compound, (I)[link], corresponding to the Val141–Val142 segment of loop C, was synthesized and its X-ray crystal structure determined.

[Scheme 1]

(I) crystallizes in the ortho­rhom­bic space group P212121 with three mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit (Fig. 1[link]). The mol­ecular conformations are roughly similar and, in particular, the r.m.s. value for the best overlay between mol­ecules A and C is only 0.30 Å. Mol­ecule B has a different orientation for the side chain of the C-terminal valine residue, Val2, as defined by the N2—C11—C12—C13 and N2—C11—C12—C14 torsion angles in Table 1[link], which together with a slightly larger main-chain C5—N1—C6—C10 torsion angle contribute to the slightly higher r.m.s. values of 0.79 and 0.69 Å for the best overlays with mol­ecules A and C, respectively. The average values for the C5—N1—C6—C10 and N1—C6—C10—N2 (φ, ψ) torsion angles of Val1 are −94 and 130°, respectively, which are quite close to the ideal values for a parallel β-sheet (Loughlin et al., 2010[Loughlin, W. A., Tyndall, J. D. A., Glenn, M. P., Hill, T. A. & Fairlie, D. P. (2010). Chem. Rev. 110, PR32-PR69.]). The Val2 residues adopt polyproline II conformations, with the average dihedral angles being −59 and 145°, respectively. Polyproline II is one of the dominant local backbone conformations in unfolded peptides and proteins (Makowska et al., 2006[Makowska, J., Rodziewicz-Motowidlo, S., Baginska, K., Vila, J. A., Liwo, A., Chmurzynski, L. & Scheraga, H. A. (2006). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 1744-1749.]; Shi et al., 2006[Shi, Z., Chen, K., Liu, Z. & Kallenbach, N. R. (2006). Chem. Rev. 106, 1877-1897.]). The overall backbone conformation seen for all mol­ecules in Fig. 1[link] is dominant among 29 peptide mol­ecules in 18 other structures of acyclic L,L-dipeptides in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.32 of November 2010; Allen, 2002[Allen, F. H. (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380-388.]) that are N-terminally protected as a carbamate and C-terminally protected as an ester (see Supplementary material ). In particular, ten out of 12 mol­ecules devoid of aromatic residues in the protecting groups and the side chains take on roughly the same folding as observed for (I)[link]. In contrast to the dipeptide (I)[link], the dihedral angles of Val141 and Val142 in loop C of rAQP4 are −63/−26 and −26/−39°, respectively, placing the Val141–Val142 segment in the 310- or mixed 310-/α-helical region of the Ramachandran plot. However, the difference in backbone structure between (I)[link] and the Val141–Val142 segment of rAQP4 loop C could be explained by the fact that (I)[link] is too short to form the stabilizing intra­molecular i → i+3 hydrogen bonds (to a peptide carbonyl acceptor three residues down the chain) which are characteristic of 310-helices (the subscript 10 referring to the size of the hydrogen-bonded ring).

The mol­ecular packing of (I)[link] is shown in Fig. 2[link]. The mol­ecules are hydrogen bonded along the c axis in a manner similar to a parallel β-sheet, thereby forming ribbons with a left-handed twist. A structural analogy in proteins is provided by the β-sheet of a Rossmann fold (Rao & Rossmann, 1973[Rao, S. & Rossmann, M. (1973). J. Mol. Biol. 76, 241-256.]), which is frequently found in nucleotide-binding proteins, e.g. in the NADP(H)-binding proton pump transhydrogenase (Jeeves et al., 2000[Jeeves, M., Smith, K. J., Quirk, P. G., Cotton, N. P. J. & Jackson, J. B. (2000). Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1459, 248-257.]). The Rossmann fold is a supersecondary structural motif which consists of a β-sheet comprising three or more parallel β-strands that are connected by α-helices, β-strands or unfolded loops. The topological structure of the Rossmann fold is β–α–β–α–β. The structures of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases feature two Rossmann folds with left-handed twisting of the β-sheets in their cofactor-binding domains (Kutzenko et al., 1998[Kutzenko, A. S., Lamzin, V. S. & Popov, V. O. (1998). FEBS Lett. 423, 105-109.]).

Extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrous β-sheet protein aggregates (amyloid fibrils) is diagnostic of several debilitating and/or fatal diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the amyloid hypothesis, formation of amyloid fibrils from amyloid-β (Aβ), a 39- to 42-residues long polypeptide formed by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), also plays an important part in the pathogenesis of AD (Selkoe, 1991[Selkoe, D. J. (1991). Neuron, 6, 487-498.]; Hardy & Allsop, 1991[Hardy, J. & Allsop, D. (1991). Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12, 383-388.]). Recent evidence, however, strongly suggests that the actual synaptotoxic species are soluble Aβ dimers and oligomers (Jin et al., 2011[Jin, M., Shepardson, N., Yang, T., Chen, G., Walsh, D. & Selkoe, D. J. (2011). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 5819-5824.]).

The hexa­peptide Gly–Gly–Val–Val–Ile–Ala, (II), which constitutes a short segment of Aβ, forms both fibrils and microcrystals in vitro. The structures of the fibrillar and microcrystalline forms of (II) are believed to be closely related. X-ray crystallographic studies of microcrystals of (II) have revealed a cross-β spine structure, a quaternary structural feature characteristic of amyloid fibrils, consisting of two parallel β-sheets (PDB code 2ONV ; Sawaya et al., 2007[Sawaya, M. R., Sambashivan, S., Nelson, R., Ivanova, M. I., Sievers, S. A., Apostol, M. I., Thompson, M. J., Balbirnie, M., Wiltzius, W., McFarlane, H. T., Madsen, A. Ø., Riekel, C. & Eisenberg, D. (2007). Nature (London), 447, 453-457.]). In a cross-β spine, side chains on the two β-sheets inter­digitate to form a tight dry steric-zipper inter­face (Nelson et al., 2005[Nelson, R., Sawaya, M. R., Balbirnie, M., Madsen, A. Ø., Riekel, C., Grothe, R. & Eisenberg, D. (2005). Nature (London), 435, 773-778.]; Sawaya et al., 2007[Sawaya, M. R., Sambashivan, S., Nelson, R., Ivanova, M. I., Sievers, S. A., Apostol, M. I., Thompson, M. J., Balbirnie, M., Wiltzius, W., McFarlane, H. T., Madsen, A. Ø., Riekel, C. & Eisenberg, D. (2007). Nature (London), 447, 453-457.]). Importantly, residues 1 and 2 of (I)[link] are identical to residues 3 and 4 of (II), suggesting that (I)[link] could potentially serve as a minimal model compound for studies of the formation and properties of β-sheet structures associated with AD. Recent Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained united-atom model of (II) have shown that (II) spontaneously forms three types of aggregation structures, including, like (I)[link], a single-layer left-handed twisted β-sheet and a fibril-like cross-β spine structure comprising left-handed twisted parallel β-sheets with an average twisting angle of 12±2° (Mu & Gao, 2009[Mu, Y. & Gao, Y. I. (2009). Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 80, 041927.]). For comparison, the observed average twisting angles from one β-strand to the next in the crystal structures of (I)[link] and (II) are 60 and 0°, respectively, the latter value corresponding to a flat sheet (Sawaya et al., 2007[Sawaya, M. R., Sambashivan, S., Nelson, R., Ivanova, M. I., Sievers, S. A., Apostol, M. I., Thompson, M. J., Balbirnie, M., Wiltzius, W., McFarlane, H. T., Madsen, A. Ø., Riekel, C. & Eisenberg, D. (2007). Nature (London), 447, 453-457.]).

To get an overview of small-mol­ecule structures containing parallel β-sheets, the CSD was searched for peptides (not just dipeptides) containing the search fragment depicted in Fig. 3[link]. The query returned a total of 92 CSD entries, and subsequent manual scrutiny revealed infinite tapes in 69 peptide structures including 48 regular dipeptides, two structures where two dipeptides are linked by a disulfide bridge, 11 tripeptides, six tetra­peptides, one penta­peptide and one folded deca­peptide (see Supplementary material ). Most tapes are planar and straight (67 observations in 49 structures), as seen in Fig. 4[link](a), but some structures have tapes that are twisted into helices, as seen for (I)[link] in Fig. 2[link].

This second group of 20 peptides may be subdivided into smaller groups based on the number of mol­ecules required to complete a full turn of the helix. The only example with eight peptide mol­ecules for a full turn is shown in Fig. 4[link](b). There is also just a single example of a structure with a repeating unit of seven mol­ecules (with Z′ = 7). The structure of (I)[link] (Fig. 4[link]c) adds to a larger group of 11 other structures with a repeating unit of six peptide mol­ecules. Eight of these belong to the hexa­gonal space group P65 with Z′ = 1, one, with a rare 2-methyl­valyl residue, belongs to P61, one to the trigonal space group P32 with Z′ = 2, while the last structure, like (I)[link], is ortho­rhom­bic, P212121, with Z′ = 3. The last group, with a repeating unit of four peptide mol­ecules (Fig. 4[link]d), comprises seven structures, of which five are tetra­gonal and two are monoclinic. It is inter­esting to find that when only Cα monosubstituted L-amino acids are involved (18 out of 20 structures), the twist is always left-handed. This is in accordance with the preferred sense of twist observed for β-sheets in proteins (Chothia, 1973[Chothia, C. (1973). J. Mol. Biol. 75, 295-302.]; Chou et al., 1983[Chou, K.-C., Nemethy, G. & Scheraga, H. A. (1983). Biochemistry, 22, 6213-6221.]; note that our definition of handedness is the sense of rotation when going from one chain in the sheet to the next, while Chothia defines twisting as the observed rotation when viewing along a single polypeptide chain, which gives opposite results with respect to handedness). Another important observation is that the hydrogen bonds appear to get shorter when the twist increases. Thus, the average of the two hydrogen-bond lengths HB1 and HB2 in Fig. 3[link] is 2.140 Å for the flat tapes (or 2.095 Å when four clear outlier structures are removed from the statistics), but 2.087 and 2.057 Å for twisted tapes with a repeating unit of six and four mol­ecules, respectively. Hydrogen-bond data for (I)[link] are given in Table 2[link]. After normalization of N—H bonds to 0.88 Å, the average length of the six N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the structure of (I)[link] is 2.023 Å, which is short for this type of pattern.

[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The structure of (I)[link], showing the atom-numbering scheme for each mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit (A, B and C). For comparison, the three molecules are shown in approximately the same orientation, which is not representative of their relative positions and orientations in the asymmetric unit. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level and H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary size. The minor orientation of the second Val residue of mol­ecule C [occupancy 0.157 (7)] is shown in wireframe representation.
[Figure 2]
Figure 2
The mol­ecular packing of (I)[link] viewed along the a axis. Dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been omitted. In the electronic version of the paper, C atoms of mol­ecules A, B and C have been coloured in black, grey and white, respectively. A hydrogen-bonded helix has been highlighted by the twisted tape (yellow and red).
[Figure 3]
Figure 3
The search fragment used to find structures of acyclic peptides with parallel β-sheets in the CSD (Allen, 2002[Allen, F. H. (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 380-388.]). The dashed C—N bonds have bond types `any', the central N—C bonds have been defined as acyclic, the number of H atoms on the central Cα atom can be 1 or 2 (V = variable), and the atom type for QA atoms is either C or O. The two hydrogen bonds HB1 and HB2 were defined as inter­molecular contacts with H⋯O distances in the range 1.7–2.8 Å after normalization of the N—H bond lengths to 0.88 Å. The mol­ecules connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds may additionally be connected by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, but these were not specified in the search.
[Figure 4]
Figure 4
(a) A straight parallel β-sheet (CSD refcode CEPQOE; Gerhardt & Weck, 2006[Gerhardt, W. W. & Weck, M. (2006). J. Org. Chem. 71, 6333-6341.]). Side chains are not shown. Hydrogen bonds with N—H and C—H donors are shown as dashed lines. (b) A twisted parallel β-sheet with eight peptide mol­ecules for one complete turn (PIYSAS; Oku et al., 2008[Oku, H., Yamada, K. & Katakai, R. (2008). Biopolymers, 89, 270-283.]). (c) The twisted parallel β-sheet of (I)[link] with six peptide mol­ecules for one complete turn. (d) A twisted parallel β-sheet with four peptide mol­ecules for one complete turn (FABLUP10; Varughese et al., 1986[Varughese, K. A., Angus, R. H., Carey, P. R., Lee, H. & Storer, A. C. (1986). Can. J. Chem. 64, 1668-1673.]).

Experimental

(I) was synthesized by standard solution-phase peptide coupling of L-valine methyl ester, which was generated in situ from L-valine methyl ester hydro­chloride by deprotonation with N,N-diisopropyl­ethyl­amine, with commercially available N-(tert-but­oxy­carbon­yl)-L-valine. 3-[3-(Dimethyl­amino)­prop­yl]-1-ethyl­carbodiimide (EDC) was used as coupling reagent and 1-hy­droxy­benzotriazole (HOBt) as an additive to suppress epimerization (Jacobsen et al., 2009[Jacobsen, Ø., Klaveness, J., Ottersen, O., Amiry-Moghaddam, M. & Rongved, P. (2009). Org. Biomol. Chem. 7, 1599-1611.]). About 10 mg of (I) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 µl). Needle-shaped crystals appeared as water diffused into the solution at room temperature.

Crystal data

  • C16H30N2O5

  • Mr = 330.42

  • Orthorhombic, P 21 21 21

  • a = 11.6937 (12) Å

  • b = 18.6458 (19) Å

  • c = 27.047 (3) Å

  • V = 5897.3 (10) Å3

  • Z = 12

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.08 mm−1

  • T = 150 K

  • 0.72 × 0.15 × 0.11 mm
Data collection

  • Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2007[Bruker (2007). APEX2, SAINT-Plus and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]) Tmin = 0.900, Tmax = 0.980

  • 38750 measured reflections

  • 5757 independent reflections

  • 4918 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.044
Refinement

  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036

  • wR(F2) = 0.089

  • S = 1.03

  • 5757 reflections

  • 651 parameters

  • 12 restraints

  • H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

  • Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3

Table 1
Selected torsion angles (°)

C1A—O1A—C5A—N1A −178.4 (3)
O1A—C5A—N1A—C6A −177.4 (2)
C5A—N1A—C6A—C10A −87.6 (3)
N1A—C6A—C10A—N2A 126.2 (2)
C6A—C10A—N2A—C11A −176.4 (2)
C10A—N2A—C11A—C15A −62.6 (3)
N2A—C11A—C15A—O4A 149.1 (2)
C11A—C15A—O4A—C16A 178.2 (3)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C8A −64.3 (3)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C9A 172.9 (2)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C13A −168.9 (2)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C14A 65.2 (3)
C1B—O1B—C5B—N1B 174.5 (2)
O1B—C5B—N1B—C6B −174.1 (2)
C5B—N1B—C6B—C10B −117.6 (2)
N1B—C6B—C10B—N2B 134.3 (2)
C6B—C10B—N2B—C11B 177.5 (2)
C10B—N2B—C11B—C15B −57.0 (3)
N2B—C11B—C15B—O4B 141.6 (2)
C11B—C15B—O4B—C16B 176.6 (2)
N1B—C6B—C7B—C8B −56.3 (3)
N1B—C6B—C7B—C9B −179.5 (2)
N2B—C11B—C12B—C13B −67.2 (3)
N2B—C11B—C12B—C14B 170.2 (2)
C1C—O1C—C5C—N1C 177.0 (2)
O1C—C5C—N1C—C6C 168.0 (2)
C5C—N1C—C6C—C10C −76.2 (3)
N1C—C6C—C10C—N2C 129.5 (2)
C6C—C10C—N2C—C11C −176.4 (2)
C10C—N2C—C11C—C15C −58.3 (3)
N2C—C11C—C15C—O4C 145.5 (2)
C11C—C15C—O4C—C16C −178.0 (2)
N1C—C6C—C7C—C8C −60.2 (3)
N1C—C6C—C7C—C9C 176.3 (2)
N2C—C11C—C12C—C13C −157.8 (4)
N2C—C11C—C12C—C14C 73.9 (5)

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A D⋯A D—H⋯A
N1A—H1A⋯O2Ci 0.85 (2) 2.08 (2) 2.920 (3) 169 (3)
N2A—H2A⋯O3B 0.87 (2) 2.03 (2) 2.874 (3) 165 (3)
C6A—H61A⋯O3B 1.00 2.45 3.295 (3) 142
N1B—H1B⋯O2A 0.85 (2) 2.14 (2) 2.948 (3) 157 (3)
N2B—H2B⋯O3C 0.86 (2) 1.97 (2) 2.810 (3) 170 (3)
C6B—H61B⋯O3C 1.00 2.52 3.367 (3) 142
N1C—H1C⋯O2B 0.87 (2) 2.12 (2) 2.966 (3) 164 (3)
N2C—H2C⋯O3Aii 0.86 (2) 1.92 (2) 2.782 (3) 177 (3)
C6C—H61C⋯O3Aii 1.00 2.75 3.559 (3) 138
Symmetry codes: (i) [-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, -y, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]; (ii) [-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, -y, z-{\script{1\over 2}}].

The side chain of residue 2 in mol­ecule C is disordered over two positions, and atoms of the major orientation [occupancy 0.843 (7)] were refined in a normal manner. The covalent geometry of the minor orientation [occupancy 0.157 (7)] was loosely tied to the geometry of the major component by a SHELX SAME restraint (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]). The two positions defined for Cα (C11C and C11D) were constrained to occupy the same site. Cα (C11D) and Cβ (C12D) received the same set of anisotropic displacement parameters as their major counterparts (C11C and C12C), while a common isotropic displacement parameter was refined for Cγ1 (C13D) and Cγ2 (C14D). Positional parameters were refined for H atoms bonded to N atoms, with a mild restraint of 0.88 (2) Å applied to the N—H distances. Other H atoms were positioned with idealized geometry and fixed C—H distances of 0.98 and 1.00 Å for CH3 and CH groups, respectively. Free rotation was permitted for methyl groups. Uiso(H) values were set at 1.2Ueq of the carrier atom or at 1.5Ueq for methyl groups. In the absence of significant anomalous scattering effects, 4636 Friedel pairs were merged.

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007[Bruker (2007). APEX2, SAINT-Plus and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2007[Bruker (2007). APEX2, SAINT-Plus and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Supporting information

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270111022293/jz3205sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270111022293/jz3205Isup2.hkl

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270111022293/jz3205Isup3.cml

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S0108270111022293/jz3205sup3.pdf


Comment top

The water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a tetrameric integral membrane protein selectively transporting water across the cell membrane, and constitutes an important clinical target for the treatment of brain oedema (Amiry-Moghaddam & Ottersen, 2003). In addition to its primary function as a passive water transporter, it has also been postulated that AQP4 may play a role in cell–cell adhesion (Hiroaki et al., 2006). The structure of the M23 isoform of rat AQP4 (rAQP4) was recently determined to 3.2 Å resolution by electron diffraction (ED) on two-dimensional crystals [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 2D57; Hiroaki et al., 2006]. This has subsequently been improved to 2.8 Å resolution for an ED structure of an S180D AQP4M23 mutant of rAQP4 (PDB code 2ZZ9; Tani et al., 2009) and 1.8 Å for an X-ray structure of truncated human AQP4 (PDB code 3GD8; Ho et al., 2009). The ED structures revealed that adhesive interactions between rAQP4 tetramers in contiguous membranes are mediated by Pro139 and Val142 in the extracellular 310-helical loop C (Pro138–Pro139–Ser140–Val141–Val142–Gly143–Gly144). We believe that compounds mimicking loop C may be of value as starting points for the development of selective AQP4 ligands and eventually AQP4 inhibitors. As part of our ongoing synthetic and structural studies of loop C mimics (Jacobsen et al., 2009) the title compound, (I), corresponding to the Val141–Val142 segment of AQP4 loop C, was synthesized and its X-ray crystal structure determined.

(I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with three molecules in the asymmetric unit (Fig. 1). The molecular conformations are roughly similar, and in particular the r.m.s. value for the best overlay between molecules A and C is only 0.30 Å. Molecule B has a different orientation for the side chain of the C-terminal valine residue, Val2, as defined by the N2—C11—C12—C13 and N2—C11—C12—C14 torsion angles in Table 1, which together with a slightly larger main-chain C5—N1—C6—C10 torsion angle contribute to the slightly higher r.m.s. values of 0.79 and 0.69 Å for the best overlays with molecule A and molecule C, respectively. The average values for the torsion angles C5—N1—C6—C10 and N1—C6—C10—N2 (ϕ, ψ) of Val1 are -94 and 130°, respectively, which are quite close to the ideal values for a parallel β-sheet (Loughlin et al., 2010). The Val2 residues adopt polyproline II conformations, with the average dihedral angles being -59 and 145°, respectively. Polyproline II is one of the dominating conformations in unfolded peptides and proteins (Shi et al., 2006). The overall backbone conformation seen for all molecules in Fig. 1 is dominating [dominant?] among 29 peptide molecules in 18 other structures of acyclic L, L-dipeptides in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.32 of November 2010; Allen, 2002) that are N-terminally protected as a carbamate and C-terminally protected as an ester (see Supplementary material). In particular, ten out of 12 molecules devoid of aromatic residues in the protecting groups and the side chains take on roughly the same folding as observed for (I). In contrast to the dipeptide (I), the dihedral angles of Val141 and Val142 in loop C of rAQP4 are (-63, -26°) and (-26, -39°), respectively, placing the Val141–Val142 segment in the 310- or mixed 310-/α-helical region of the Ramachandran plot. However, the difference in backbone structure between (I) and the Val141–Val142 segment of rAQP4 loop C could be explained by the fact that (I) is too short to form the stabilizing intramolecular i → i+3 hydrogen bonds (to a peptide cabonyl acceptor three residues down the chain) which are characteristic of 310-helices (the subscript 10 referring to the size of the hydrogen-bonded ring being formed).

The molecular packing of (I) is shown in Fig. 2. The molecules are hydrogen bonded along the c axis in a manner similar to the parallel β-sheet, thereby forming ribbons with a left-handed twist. A structural analogy in proteins is provided by the β-sheet of a Rossmann fold (Rao & Rossmann, 1973), which is frequently found in nucleotide-binding proteins, e.g. in the NADP(H)-binding proton pump transhydrogenase (Jeeves et al., 2000). The Rossmann fold is a supersecondary structural motif which consists of a β-sheet comprising three or more parallel β-strands that are connected by α-helices, β-strands or unfolded loops. The topological structure of the Rossmann fold is β–α–β–α–β. The structures of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases feature two Rossmann folds with left-handed twisting of the β-sheets in their cofactor-binding domains (Kutzenko et al., 1998).

Extracellular deposition of insoluble, fibrous β-sheet protein aggregates (amyloid fibrils) is diagnostic of several debilitating and/or fatal diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the amyloid hypothesis, formation of amyloid fibrils from amyloid-β (Aβ), a 39–42-residues long polypeptide formed by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), also plays an important part in the pathogenesis of AD (Selkoe, 1991; Hardy & Allsop, 1991). Recent evidence, however, strongly suggests that the actual synaptotoxic species are soluble Aβ dimers and oligomers (Jin et al., 2011).

The hexapeptide Gly–Gly–Val–Val–Ile–Ala, (II), which constitutes a short segment of Aβ, forms both fibrils and microcrystals in vitro. The structures of the fibrillar and microcrystalline forms of (II) are believed to be closely related. X-ray crystallographic studies of microcrystals of (II) have revealed a cross-β spine structure, a quaternary structural feature characteristic of amyloid fibrils, consisting of two parallel β-sheets (PDB code 2ONV, Sawaya et al., 2007). In a cross-β spine, side chains on the two β-sheets interdigitate to form a tight, dry steric-zipper interface (Nelson et al., 2005; Sawaya et al., 2007). Importantly, residues 1 and 2 of (I) are identical with residues 3 and 4 of (II), suggesting that (I) could potentially serve as a minimal model compound for studies of the formation and properties of β-sheet structures associated with AD. Recent Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained united-atom model of (II) have shown that (II) spontaneously forms three types of aggregation structures, including, like (I), a single-layer, left-handed, twisted β-sheet, and a fibril-like cross-β spine structure comprising left-handed, twisted parallel β-sheets with an average twisting angle of 12 ± 2° (Mu & Gao, 2009). For comparison, the observed average twisting angles between each β-strand in the crystal structures of (I) and (II) are 60 and 0°, respectively, the latter value corresponding to a flat sheet (Sawaya et al., 2007).

To get an overview of small-molecule structures containing parallel β-sheets, the CSD was searched for peptides (not just dipeptides) containing the search fragment depicted in Fig. 3. The query returned a total of 92 CSD entries, and subsequent manual scrutiny revealed infinite tapes in 69 peptide structures including 48 regular dipeptides, two structures where two dipeptides are linked by a disulfide bridge, 11 tripeptides, six tetrapeptides, one pentapeptide and one folded decapeptide (see Supplementary material). Most tapes are planar and straight (67 observations in 49 structures), as seen in Fig. 4(a), but some structures have tapes that are twisted into helices, as seen for (I) in Fig. 2.

This second group of 20 peptides may be subdivided into smaller groups depending on the number of molecules required to complete a full turn of the helix. The only example with eight peptide molecules for a full turn is shown in Fig. 4(b). There is also just a single example of a structure with a repeating unit of seven molecules (with Z' = 7). The structure of (I) (Fig. 4c) adds to a larger group of 11 other structures with a repeating unit of six peptide molecules. Eight of these belong to the hexagonal space group P65 with Z' = 1, one, with a rare 2-methylvalyl residue, belongs to P61, one to the trigonal space group P32 with Z' = 2, while the last structure, like (I), is orthorhombic, P212121, with Z' = 3. The last group, with a repeating unit of four peptide molecules (Fig. 4d) comprises seven structures, of which five are tetragonal and two are monoclinic. It is interesting to find that when only Cα monosubstituted L-amino acids are involved (18 out of 20 structures), the twist is always left-handed. This is in accordance with the preferred sense of twist observed for β-sheets in proteins (Chothia, 1973; Chou et al., 1983, note that our definition of handedness is the sense of rotation when going from one chain in the sheet to the next, while Chothia defines twisting as the observed rotation when viewing along a single polypeptide chain, which gives opposite results with respect to handedness). Another important observation is that the hydrogen bonds appear to get shorter when the twist increases. Thus, the average of the two hydrogen-bond lengths HB1 and HB2 in Fig. 3 is 2.140 Å for the flat tapes (or 2.095 Å when four clear outlier structures are removed from the statistics), but 2.087 and 2.057 Å for twisted tapes with a repeating unit of six and four molecules, respectively. Hydrogen-bond data for (I) are given in Table 2. After normalization of N—H bonds to 0.88 Å, the average length of the six N—H···O hydrogen bonds in the structure of (I) is 2.023 Å, which is short for this type of pattern.

Related literature top

For related literature, see: Allen (2002); Amiry-Moghaddam & Ottersen (2003); Chothia (1973); Chou et al. (1983); Hardy & Allsop (1991); Hiroaki et al. (2006); Ho et al. (2009); Jacobsen et al. (2009); Jeeves et al. (2000); Jin et al. (2011); Kutzenko et al. (1998); Loughlin et al. (2010); Mu & Gao (2009); Nelson et al. (2005); Rao & Rossmann (1973); Sawaya et al. (2007); Selkoe (1991); Shi et al. (2006); Tani et al. (2009).

Experimental top

(I) was synthesized by standard solution-phase peptide coupling of L-valine methyl ester, which was generated in situ from L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride by deprotonation with N,N-diisopropylethylamine, with commercially available N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-valine. 3-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-1-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) was used as coupling reagent and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) as an additive to suppress epimerization (Jacobsen et al., 2009).

Refinement top

The L-Val side chain of residue 2 in molecule C is disordered over two positions, and atoms of the major orientation with occupancy 0.843 (7) were refined in a normal manner. The covalent geometry of the 0.157 (7) minor orientation was loosely tied to the geometry of the major component by a SHELX SAME restraint. Cα (C11D) and Cβ (C12D) received the same set of thermal displacement parameters as their major counterparts (C11C and C12C), while a common isotropic displacement parameter was refined for Cγ1 (C13D) and Cγ2 (C14D). Positional parameters were refined for H atoms bonded to N, with a mild restraint on N—H distances imposed by a SHELX DFIX 0.88 0.02 command. Other H atoms were positioned with idealized geometry and fixed C–H distances at 0.98 and 1.00 Å for CH3, and CH, respectively. Free rotation was permitted for methyl groups. Uiso values were set to 1.2Ueq of the carrier atom or 1.5Ueq for methyl groups. In the absence of significant anomalous scattering effects, 4636 Friedel pairs were merged.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The structure of (I), showing the atom-numbering scheme for each molecule in the asymmetric unit (A, B and C). Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level and H atoms are shown as spheres of arbitrary size. The minor orientation of the second Val residue of molecule C [occupancy 0.157 (7)] is shown in wireframe representation.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The molecular packing of (I) viewed along the a axis. Dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been omitted. In the electronic version of the paper, C atoms of molecules A, B and C have been coloured in black, grey and white, respectively. A hydrogen-bonded helix has been highlighted by the twisted tape (yellow and red).
[Figure 3] Fig. 3. The search fragment used to find structures of acyclic peptides with parallel β-sheets in the CSD (Allen, 2002). The dashed C—N bonds have bond types `any', the central N—C bonds have been defined as acyclic, the number of H atoms on the central Cα atom can be 1 or 2 (V = variable), and the atom type for QA atoms is either C or O. The two hydrogen bonds HB1 and HB2 were defined as intermolecular contacts with H···O distances in the range 1.7–2.8 Å after normalization of the N—H bond lengths to 0.88 Å. The molecules connected by the N—H···O hydrogen bonds may additionally be connected by C—H···O hydrogen bonds, but these were not specified in the search.
[Figure 4] Fig. 4. (a) A straight parallel β-sheet (CSD refcode CEPQOE; Gerhardt & Weck, 2006) with a single strand is observed in the structure. Side chains are not shown. Hydrogen bonds with N—H and C—H donors are shown as dashed lines. (b) A twisted parallel β-sheet with eight peptide molecules for one complete turn (PIYSAS; Oku et al., 2008). (c) The twisted parallel β-sheet of (I) with six peptide molecules for one complete turn. (d) A twisted parallel β-sheet with four peptide molecules for one complete turn (FABLUP10; Varughese et al., 1986).
N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-valyl-L-valine methyl ester top
Crystal data top
C16H30N2O5F(000) = 2160
Mr = 330.42Dx = 1.116 Mg m−3
Orthorhombic, P212121Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2abCell parameters from 7630 reflections
a = 11.6937 (12) Åθ = 1.9–25.0°
b = 18.6458 (19) ŵ = 0.08 mm−1
c = 27.047 (3) ÅT = 150 K
V = 5897.3 (10) Å3Needle, colourless
Z = 120.72 × 0.15 × 0.11 mm
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer		5757 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube4918 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.044
Detector resolution: 8.3 pixels mm-1θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.9°
Sets of exposures each taken over 0.5° ω rotation scansh = −13→13
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2007)		k = −22→22
Tmin = 0.900, Tmax = 0.980l = −32→32
38750 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.089H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.03 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0439P)2 + 1.1632P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5757 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
651 parametersΔρmax = 0.19 e Å−3
12 restraintsΔρmin = −0.18 e Å−3
Crystal data top
C16H30N2O5V = 5897.3 (10) Å3
Mr = 330.42Z = 12
Orthorhombic, P212121Mo Kα radiation
a = 11.6937 (12) ŵ = 0.08 mm−1
b = 18.6458 (19) ÅT = 150 K
c = 27.047 (3) Å0.72 × 0.15 × 0.11 mm
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer		5757 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2007)		4918 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.900, Tmax = 0.980Rint = 0.044
38750 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.03612 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.089H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.03Δρmax = 0.19 e Å−3
5757 reflectionsΔρmin = −0.18 e Å−3
651 parameters
Special details top

Experimental. None

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
O1A0.49640 (19)−0.09751 (11)0.69331 (7)0.0478 (5)
O2A0.57930 (19)−0.06719 (11)0.62027 (7)0.0454 (5)
O3A0.85040 (17)0.00666 (11)0.70577 (6)0.0422 (5)
O4A1.13948 (19)0.00410 (13)0.66892 (8)0.0569 (6)
O5A1.0444 (2)0.10669 (12)0.65924 (8)0.0563 (6)
N1A0.6074 (2)−0.00280 (13)0.68985 (8)0.0346 (5)
H1A0.592 (2)0.0003 (16)0.7206 (7)0.041*
N2A0.85771 (19)0.02561 (12)0.62425 (7)0.0292 (5)
H2A0.823 (2)0.0421 (14)0.5983 (8)0.035*
C1A0.4395 (3)−0.16196 (17)0.67449 (12)0.0543 (9)
C2A0.3782 (4)−0.1883 (2)0.72026 (14)0.0926 (16)
H21A0.4345−0.20380.74490.139*
H22A0.3286−0.22880.71150.139*
H23A0.3317−0.14940.73400.139*
C3A0.3541 (3)−0.14190 (19)0.63514 (13)0.0665 (10)
H31A0.3946−0.12390.60600.100*
H32A0.3030−0.10450.64780.100*
H33A0.3091−0.18420.62600.100*
C4A0.5260 (4)−0.2142 (2)0.6559 (2)0.0980 (16)
H41A0.5603−0.19590.62540.147*
H42A0.4887−0.26030.64930.147*
H43A0.5857−0.22080.68090.147*
C5A0.5634 (2)−0.05687 (14)0.66395 (9)0.0333 (6)
C6A0.6793 (2)0.05132 (14)0.66681 (9)0.0301 (6)
H61A0.65490.05690.63160.036*
C7A0.6639 (2)0.12366 (14)0.69306 (9)0.0324 (6)
H71A0.67830.11660.72920.039*
C8A0.5421 (3)0.15018 (17)0.68637 (12)0.0503 (8)
H81A0.48870.11460.69980.075*
H82A0.52660.15730.65110.075*
H83A0.53240.19580.70390.075*
C9A0.7494 (3)0.17798 (15)0.67359 (10)0.0436 (7)
H91A0.82720.16050.67950.065*
H92A0.73850.22380.69070.065*
H93A0.73760.18470.63800.065*
C10A0.8031 (2)0.02623 (14)0.66746 (9)0.0301 (6)
C11A0.9737 (2)−0.00139 (15)0.62067 (9)0.0307 (6)
H10A0.9748−0.05120.63440.037*
C12A1.0111 (2)−0.00523 (16)0.56612 (9)0.0361 (6)
H11A0.9509−0.03290.54800.043*
C13A1.1228 (3)−0.0468 (2)0.56067 (11)0.0536 (9)
H12A1.1156−0.09340.57710.080*
H13A1.1852−0.01950.57590.080*
H14A1.1394−0.05400.52550.080*
C14A1.0188 (3)0.06776 (18)0.54190 (11)0.0506 (8)
H15A1.04120.06210.50720.076*
H16A1.07590.09690.55920.076*
H17A0.94420.09160.54360.076*
C15A1.0537 (3)0.04445 (17)0.65185 (10)0.0384 (7)
C16A1.2229 (3)0.0428 (2)0.69794 (16)0.0899 (15)
H18A1.28350.00980.70850.135*
H19A1.18570.06340.72710.135*
H20A1.25610.08130.67790.135*
O1B0.78703 (19)−0.14973 (9)0.53897 (7)0.0447 (5)
O2B0.77226 (19)−0.10896 (11)0.46052 (7)0.0477 (5)
O3B0.72306 (16)0.09860 (9)0.55096 (6)0.0303 (4)
O4B0.76874 (16)0.27789 (9)0.53842 (6)0.0353 (4)
O5B0.60212 (16)0.24088 (10)0.50630 (7)0.0364 (4)
N1B0.69924 (19)−0.04758 (11)0.52536 (7)0.0291 (5)
H1B0.681 (2)−0.0468 (14)0.5560 (7)0.035*
N2B0.72894 (19)0.12118 (11)0.46954 (7)0.0268 (5)
H2B0.715 (2)0.1070 (14)0.4401 (7)0.032*
C1B0.8402 (3)−0.21825 (14)0.52547 (12)0.0461 (8)
C2B0.9501 (3)−0.2066 (2)0.4978 (2)0.1004 (17)
H21B1.0022−0.17770.51800.151*
H22B0.9342−0.18140.46680.151*
H23B0.9856−0.25300.49060.151*
C3B0.7592 (3)−0.26276 (17)0.49661 (16)0.0694 (11)
H31B0.6894−0.27050.51590.104*
H32B0.7946−0.30910.48910.104*
H33B0.7400−0.23810.46570.104*
C4B0.8639 (6)−0.2512 (2)0.57531 (16)0.115 (2)
H41B0.7915−0.25880.59280.173*
H42B0.9125−0.21880.59460.173*
H43B0.9029−0.29720.57090.173*
C5B0.7541 (2)−0.10249 (13)0.50405 (9)0.0300 (6)
C6B0.6445 (2)0.00836 (12)0.49649 (8)0.0255 (5)
H61B0.6556−0.00260.46060.031*
C7B0.5155 (2)0.01176 (13)0.50711 (9)0.0303 (6)
H71B0.50480.02370.54290.036*
C8B0.4583 (3)0.06980 (15)0.47659 (11)0.0404 (7)
H81B0.49480.11600.48340.061*
H82B0.37700.07250.48530.061*
H83B0.46600.05840.44140.061*
C9B0.4605 (3)−0.06083 (15)0.49744 (11)0.0425 (7)
H91B0.3784−0.05800.50440.064*
H92B0.4956−0.09700.51890.064*
H93B0.4722−0.07430.46280.064*
C10B0.7025 (2)0.07975 (12)0.50800 (8)0.0242 (5)
C11B0.7801 (2)0.19143 (12)0.47591 (8)0.0261 (5)
H10B0.85620.18570.49240.031*
C12B0.7981 (2)0.22597 (14)0.42481 (9)0.0324 (6)
H11B0.72440.22310.40620.039*
C13B0.8885 (3)0.18444 (17)0.39601 (10)0.0438 (7)
H12B0.86560.13400.39350.066*
H13B0.96200.18780.41330.066*
H14B0.89600.20490.36280.066*
C14B0.8324 (3)0.30448 (15)0.42859 (11)0.0471 (8)
H15B0.77260.33120.44600.071*
H16B0.84240.32430.39530.071*
H17B0.90450.30840.44690.071*
C15B0.7045 (2)0.23771 (13)0.50815 (9)0.0294 (6)
C16B0.7076 (3)0.32764 (15)0.56933 (10)0.0423 (7)
H18B0.76210.35460.58970.063*
H19B0.65490.30120.59080.063*
H20B0.66420.36100.54860.063*
O1C1.00074 (15)−0.05171 (11)0.37052 (6)0.0386 (5)
O2C0.92916 (16)−0.02679 (11)0.29466 (6)0.0416 (5)
O3C0.68130 (17)0.05731 (10)0.37772 (6)0.0377 (5)
O4C0.55551 (17)0.21872 (10)0.35588 (7)0.0377 (5)
O5C0.45338 (18)0.12008 (11)0.33855 (8)0.0470 (5)
N1C0.81564 (19)−0.06512 (13)0.35680 (8)0.0317 (5)
H1C0.815 (2)−0.0730 (14)0.3883 (7)0.038*
N2C0.6565 (2)0.06497 (12)0.29594 (7)0.0315 (5)
H2C0.657 (3)0.0430 (14)0.2681 (7)0.038*
C1C1.1198 (2)−0.03693 (17)0.35642 (10)0.0374 (7)
C2C1.1324 (3)0.03910 (18)0.33766 (13)0.0583 (9)
H21C1.10730.07270.36330.087*
H22C1.08540.04550.30800.087*
H23C1.21280.04830.32960.087*
C3C1.1592 (3)−0.09207 (18)0.31974 (12)0.0512 (8)
H31C1.1479−0.14010.33350.077*
H32C1.2406−0.08480.31260.077*
H33C1.1150−0.08730.28910.077*
C4C1.1820 (3)−0.0453 (2)0.40566 (11)0.0598 (10)
H41C1.1742−0.09490.41730.090*
H42C1.1486−0.01260.43010.090*
H43C1.2632−0.03390.40120.090*
C5C0.9166 (2)−0.04594 (15)0.33699 (9)0.0307 (6)
C6C0.7096 (2)−0.05041 (13)0.33120 (9)0.0288 (6)
H61C0.7199−0.06150.29530.035*
C7C0.6139 (2)−0.09752 (15)0.35164 (10)0.0352 (6)
H71C0.6069−0.08780.38790.042*
C8C0.6426 (3)−0.17666 (15)0.34486 (13)0.0532 (8)
H81C0.5817−0.20600.35930.080*
H82C0.7152−0.18740.36140.080*
H83C0.6493−0.18740.30950.080*
C9C0.5006 (3)−0.07905 (17)0.32738 (13)0.0500 (8)
H91C0.4408−0.11090.34010.075*
H92C0.5072−0.08510.29150.075*
H93C0.4807−0.02920.33490.075*
C10C0.6813 (2)0.02898 (14)0.33670 (9)0.0279 (6)
C11C0.6353 (3)0.14138 (14)0.29801 (9)0.0351 (6)0.843 (7)
H10C0.70510.16480.31190.042*0.843 (7)
C12C0.6148 (6)0.1728 (4)0.24571 (18)0.0514 (12)0.843 (7)
H11C0.67240.14990.22340.062*0.843 (7)
C13C0.6382 (6)0.2518 (2)0.24456 (17)0.0801 (19)0.843 (7)
H12C0.63470.26900.21040.120*0.843 (7)
H13C0.71450.26120.25810.120*0.843 (7)
H14C0.58080.27700.26450.120*0.843 (7)
C14C0.4977 (4)0.1525 (2)0.22559 (13)0.0637 (15)0.843 (7)
H15C0.49190.10020.22330.096*0.843 (7)
H16C0.48770.17350.19270.096*0.843 (7)
H17C0.43820.17070.24780.096*0.843 (7)
C11D0.6353 (3)0.14138 (14)0.29801 (9)0.0351 (6)0.157 (7)
H10D0.70550.16690.30960.042*0.157 (7)
C12D0.605 (3)0.166 (2)0.2450 (8)0.0514 (12)0.157 (7)
H11D0.55470.12960.22860.062*0.157 (7)
C13D0.545 (3)0.2383 (15)0.2466 (11)0.091 (8)*0.157 (7)
H12D0.54030.25830.21320.136*0.157 (7)
H13D0.58730.27110.26800.136*0.157 (7)
H14D0.46700.23200.25970.136*0.157 (7)
C14D0.714 (2)0.1737 (16)0.2170 (9)0.091 (8)*0.157 (7)
H15D0.75540.12790.21730.136*0.157 (7)
H16D0.76160.21070.23270.136*0.157 (7)
H17D0.69780.18760.18280.136*0.157 (7)
C15C0.5361 (3)0.15686 (14)0.33294 (9)0.0335 (6)
C16C0.4715 (3)0.24052 (16)0.39171 (11)0.0459 (8)
H18C0.49550.28560.40720.069*
H19C0.46400.20330.41710.069*
H20C0.39760.24750.37530.069*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O1A0.0619 (14)0.0496 (12)0.0319 (10)−0.0241 (11)0.0005 (10)0.0069 (9)
O2A0.0624 (14)0.0459 (11)0.0280 (10)−0.0115 (11)0.0071 (10)−0.0051 (9)
O3A0.0489 (12)0.0589 (13)0.0188 (9)0.0096 (11)−0.0026 (9)0.0105 (9)
O4A0.0482 (13)0.0712 (15)0.0514 (13)0.0159 (12)−0.0251 (11)−0.0163 (12)
O5A0.0577 (15)0.0483 (14)0.0629 (14)−0.0026 (12)−0.0213 (12)−0.0098 (11)
N1A0.0448 (14)0.0412 (13)0.0177 (10)−0.0118 (12)0.0061 (10)0.0001 (10)
N2A0.0302 (12)0.0407 (12)0.0167 (10)−0.0001 (10)−0.0019 (9)0.0055 (9)
C1A0.069 (2)0.0401 (17)0.0534 (19)−0.0208 (17)−0.0127 (17)0.0088 (15)
C2A0.126 (4)0.089 (3)0.063 (2)−0.067 (3)−0.015 (2)0.024 (2)
C3A0.077 (3)0.063 (2)0.059 (2)−0.024 (2)−0.015 (2)0.0046 (17)
C4A0.102 (4)0.043 (2)0.150 (4)0.001 (2)−0.026 (3)−0.007 (3)
C5A0.0410 (16)0.0341 (14)0.0249 (14)−0.0009 (13)0.0026 (12)0.0033 (12)
C6A0.0373 (15)0.0357 (15)0.0174 (11)−0.0019 (12)0.0026 (11)0.0031 (11)
C7A0.0375 (16)0.0361 (14)0.0237 (13)0.0001 (12)−0.0018 (12)0.0013 (11)
C8A0.0438 (19)0.0482 (18)0.059 (2)0.0069 (15)−0.0021 (16)−0.0039 (16)
C9A0.055 (2)0.0376 (16)0.0385 (16)−0.0027 (15)0.0051 (14)0.0033 (13)
C10A0.0386 (16)0.0317 (14)0.0201 (13)−0.0028 (12)−0.0001 (12)0.0043 (10)
C11A0.0306 (15)0.0391 (15)0.0223 (12)0.0024 (12)−0.0023 (11)0.0041 (11)
C12A0.0293 (15)0.0511 (17)0.0280 (14)−0.0016 (13)−0.0008 (11)−0.0069 (12)
C13A0.0420 (19)0.079 (2)0.0402 (17)0.0103 (18)0.0009 (14)−0.0137 (16)
C14A0.0467 (19)0.069 (2)0.0359 (16)−0.0063 (17)0.0084 (14)0.0126 (15)
C15A0.0366 (17)0.0485 (19)0.0301 (15)0.0008 (14)−0.0065 (12)−0.0037 (13)
C16A0.065 (3)0.114 (4)0.091 (3)0.017 (3)−0.052 (2)−0.035 (3)
O1B0.0644 (14)0.0313 (10)0.0384 (11)0.0196 (10)−0.0086 (10)0.0038 (8)
O2B0.0648 (15)0.0457 (12)0.0326 (11)0.0205 (11)0.0169 (10)0.0067 (9)
O3B0.0437 (11)0.0315 (9)0.0158 (8)−0.0008 (9)−0.0034 (8)−0.0001 (7)
O4B0.0338 (11)0.0351 (10)0.0369 (10)−0.0048 (9)0.0019 (8)−0.0133 (8)
O5B0.0307 (12)0.0406 (11)0.0379 (11)0.0000 (9)−0.0012 (9)−0.0020 (8)
N1B0.0404 (13)0.0266 (11)0.0204 (10)0.0058 (10)−0.0006 (10)0.0009 (9)
N2B0.0359 (12)0.0289 (11)0.0155 (10)−0.0038 (10)−0.0020 (9)−0.0019 (9)
C1B0.0456 (19)0.0273 (14)0.065 (2)0.0118 (14)−0.0142 (16)−0.0027 (14)
C2B0.040 (2)0.054 (2)0.207 (5)0.0153 (19)0.009 (3)−0.012 (3)
C3B0.061 (2)0.0375 (18)0.109 (3)0.0073 (17)−0.025 (2)−0.0124 (19)
C4B0.200 (6)0.060 (2)0.086 (3)0.065 (3)−0.050 (4)0.002 (2)
C5B0.0282 (14)0.0289 (13)0.0329 (15)0.0011 (12)−0.0015 (12)0.0032 (12)
C6B0.0316 (14)0.0263 (12)0.0185 (11)0.0038 (11)−0.0010 (11)0.0003 (10)
C7B0.0347 (15)0.0302 (14)0.0259 (13)0.0020 (12)−0.0011 (11)−0.0025 (11)
C8B0.0372 (16)0.0372 (15)0.0468 (17)0.0065 (13)−0.0037 (14)−0.0004 (13)
C9B0.0393 (17)0.0352 (15)0.0531 (18)−0.0033 (14)−0.0029 (14)0.0002 (14)
C10B0.0255 (13)0.0301 (13)0.0170 (12)0.0050 (11)−0.0009 (10)−0.0006 (10)
C11B0.0268 (14)0.0289 (12)0.0227 (12)−0.0015 (11)−0.0042 (11)−0.0001 (10)
C12B0.0315 (15)0.0397 (15)0.0260 (13)−0.0047 (13)0.0001 (11)0.0048 (11)
C13B0.0399 (18)0.0560 (19)0.0354 (16)−0.0057 (15)0.0092 (13)−0.0033 (14)
C14B0.054 (2)0.0401 (17)0.0476 (17)−0.0068 (15)0.0058 (15)0.0103 (14)
C15B0.0354 (17)0.0266 (13)0.0262 (13)−0.0037 (12)−0.0022 (12)0.0035 (10)
C16B0.0470 (18)0.0359 (15)0.0439 (16)0.0031 (14)0.0057 (14)−0.0142 (13)
O1C0.0261 (10)0.0674 (13)0.0224 (9)0.0006 (10)−0.0015 (8)0.0049 (9)
O2C0.0383 (12)0.0673 (13)0.0190 (9)−0.0094 (10)−0.0025 (8)0.0047 (9)
O3C0.0543 (13)0.0391 (10)0.0198 (9)−0.0008 (10)−0.0045 (8)−0.0075 (8)
O4C0.0421 (12)0.0361 (10)0.0349 (10)0.0076 (9)−0.0008 (9)−0.0089 (8)
O5C0.0386 (12)0.0453 (12)0.0570 (13)−0.0026 (10)0.0021 (10)−0.0084 (10)
N1C0.0268 (12)0.0482 (13)0.0201 (10)0.0034 (11)0.0025 (9)0.0042 (10)
N2C0.0418 (13)0.0349 (12)0.0179 (10)0.0048 (11)−0.0021 (10)−0.0045 (9)
C1C0.0250 (15)0.0574 (18)0.0299 (14)−0.0018 (13)−0.0036 (11)−0.0052 (13)
C2C0.054 (2)0.057 (2)0.064 (2)−0.0202 (18)−0.0143 (18)−0.0003 (17)
C3C0.0354 (17)0.068 (2)0.0505 (19)−0.0003 (16)0.0093 (15)−0.0118 (16)
C4C0.0362 (18)0.100 (3)0.0432 (18)0.0047 (19)−0.0112 (15)−0.0032 (18)
C5C0.0303 (15)0.0405 (15)0.0211 (13)0.0016 (12)−0.0028 (11)−0.0037 (11)
C6C0.0276 (14)0.0360 (14)0.0229 (12)0.0021 (12)−0.0005 (11)−0.0052 (11)
C7C0.0301 (15)0.0373 (15)0.0381 (15)0.0000 (13)0.0029 (12)−0.0046 (12)
C8C0.049 (2)0.0360 (16)0.074 (2)−0.0033 (15)0.0020 (17)−0.0019 (16)
C9C0.0318 (17)0.0495 (18)0.069 (2)−0.0042 (14)−0.0043 (15)−0.0050 (16)
C10C0.0256 (14)0.0378 (14)0.0203 (12)−0.0024 (11)−0.0007 (11)−0.0028 (11)
C11C0.0458 (18)0.0347 (15)0.0247 (13)0.0016 (13)−0.0009 (12)−0.0015 (11)
C12C0.084 (3)0.040 (2)0.0304 (15)0.010 (2)0.0034 (17)0.0041 (14)
C13C0.134 (5)0.050 (3)0.056 (3)0.003 (3)0.014 (3)0.015 (2)
C14C0.096 (4)0.063 (3)0.032 (2)0.033 (3)−0.026 (2)−0.0031 (18)
C11D0.0458 (18)0.0347 (15)0.0247 (13)0.0016 (13)−0.0009 (12)−0.0015 (11)
C12D0.084 (3)0.040 (2)0.0304 (15)0.010 (2)0.0034 (17)0.0041 (14)
C15C0.0421 (17)0.0342 (15)0.0242 (13)0.0093 (14)−0.0092 (12)−0.0021 (12)
C16C0.056 (2)0.0432 (17)0.0384 (16)0.0183 (16)0.0050 (15)−0.0041 (13)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O1A—C5A1.349 (3)C8B—H81B0.9800
O1A—C1A1.465 (4)C8B—H82B0.9800
O2A—C5A1.211 (3)C8B—H83B0.9800
O3A—C10A1.230 (3)C9B—H91B0.9800
O4A—C15A1.336 (4)C9B—H92B0.9800
O4A—C16A1.445 (4)C9B—H93B0.9800
O5A—C15A1.183 (3)C11B—C15B1.512 (4)
N1A—C5A1.331 (3)C11B—C12B1.539 (3)
N1A—C6A1.454 (3)C11B—H10B1.0000
N1A—H1A0.851 (17)C12B—C14B1.522 (4)
N2A—C10A1.332 (3)C12B—C13B1.525 (4)
N2A—C11A1.451 (3)C12B—H11B1.0000
N2A—H2A0.865 (17)C13B—H12B0.9800
C1A—C4A1.491 (6)C13B—H13B0.9800
C1A—C3A1.507 (5)C13B—H14B0.9800
C1A—C2A1.512 (5)C14B—H15B0.9800
C2A—H21A0.9800C14B—H16B0.9800
C2A—H22A0.9800C14B—H17B0.9800
C2A—H23A0.9800C16B—H18B0.9800
C3A—H31A0.9800C16B—H19B0.9800
C3A—H32A0.9800C16B—H20B0.9800
C3A—H33A0.9800O1C—C5C1.343 (3)
C4A—H41A0.9800O1C—C1C1.469 (3)
C4A—H42A0.9800O2C—C5C1.208 (3)
C4A—H43A0.9800O3C—C10C1.229 (3)
C6A—C10A1.521 (4)O4C—C15C1.329 (3)
C6A—C7A1.535 (4)O4C—C16C1.439 (3)
C6A—H61A1.0000O5C—C15C1.196 (3)
C7A—C9A1.517 (4)N1C—C5C1.345 (3)
C7A—C8A1.519 (4)N1C—C6C1.447 (3)
C7A—H71A1.0000N1C—H1C0.865 (17)
C8A—H81A0.9800N2C—C10C1.323 (3)
C8A—H82A0.9800N2C—C11C1.447 (3)
C8A—H83A0.9800N2C—H2C0.859 (17)
C9A—H91A0.9800C1C—C3C1.501 (4)
C9A—H92A0.9800C1C—C2C1.513 (4)
C9A—H93A0.9800C1C—C4C1.526 (4)
C11A—C15A1.522 (4)C2C—H21C0.9800
C11A—C12A1.540 (3)C2C—H22C0.9800
C11A—H10A1.0000C2C—H23C0.9800
C12A—C14A1.513 (4)C3C—H31C0.9800
C12A—C13A1.526 (4)C3C—H32C0.9800
C12A—H11A1.0000C3C—H33C0.9800
C13A—H12A0.9800C4C—H41C0.9800
C13A—H13A0.9800C4C—H42C0.9800
C13A—H14A0.9800C4C—H43C0.9800
C14A—H15A0.9800C6C—C10C1.524 (4)
C14A—H16A0.9800C6C—C7C1.526 (4)
C14A—H17A0.9800C6C—H61C1.0000
C16A—H18A0.9800C7C—C9C1.518 (4)
C16A—H19A0.9800C7C—C8C1.524 (4)
C16A—H20A0.9800C7C—H71C1.0000
O1B—C5B1.348 (3)C8C—H81C0.9800
O1B—C1B1.467 (3)C8C—H82C0.9800
O2B—C5B1.202 (3)C8C—H83C0.9800
O3B—C10B1.237 (3)C9C—H91C0.9800
O4B—C15B1.340 (3)C9C—H92C0.9800
O4B—C16B1.439 (3)C9C—H93C0.9800
O5B—C15B1.200 (3)C11C—C15C1.523 (4)
N1B—C5B1.338 (3)C11C—C12C1.550 (5)
N1B—C6B1.452 (3)C11C—H10C1.0000
N1B—H1B0.854 (17)C12C—C13C1.498 (8)
N2B—C10B1.332 (3)C12C—C14C1.521 (8)
N2B—C11B1.450 (3)C12C—H11C1.0000
N2B—H2B0.855 (17)C13C—H12C0.9800
C1B—C3B1.481 (4)C13C—H13C0.9800
C1B—C2B1.503 (5)C13C—H14C0.9800
C1B—C4B1.507 (5)C14C—H15C0.9800
C2B—H21B0.9800C14C—H16C0.9800
C2B—H22B0.9800C14C—H17C0.9800
C2B—H23B0.9800C12D—C14D1.49 (2)
C3B—H31B0.9800C12D—C13D1.52 (2)
C3B—H32B0.9800C12D—H11D1.0000
C3B—H33B0.9800C13D—H12D0.9800
C4B—H41B0.9800C13D—H13D0.9800
C4B—H42B0.9800C13D—H14D0.9800
C4B—H43B0.9800C14D—H15D0.9800
C6B—C10B1.526 (3)C14D—H16D0.9800
C6B—C7B1.537 (4)C14D—H17D0.9800
C6B—H61B1.0000C16C—H18C0.9800
C7B—C8B1.516 (4)C16C—H19C0.9800
C7B—C9B1.521 (4)C16C—H20C0.9800
C7B—H71B1.0000
C5A—O1A—C1A121.3 (2)H91B—C9B—H92B109.5
C15A—O4A—C16A114.4 (3)C7B—C9B—H93B109.5
C5A—N1A—C6A121.6 (2)H91B—C9B—H93B109.5
C5A—N1A—H1A119 (2)H92B—C9B—H93B109.5
C6A—N1A—H1A119 (2)O3B—C10B—N2B121.6 (2)
C10A—N2A—C11A120.7 (2)O3B—C10B—C6B121.7 (2)
C10A—N2A—H2A119.1 (19)N2B—C10B—C6B116.72 (19)
C11A—N2A—H2A120.3 (19)N2B—C11B—C15B110.0 (2)
O1A—C1A—C4A110.2 (3)N2B—C11B—C12B109.11 (19)
O1A—C1A—C3A110.1 (3)C15B—C11B—C12B111.0 (2)
C4A—C1A—C3A112.0 (3)N2B—C11B—H10B108.9
O1A—C1A—C2A101.4 (3)C15B—C11B—H10B108.9
C4A—C1A—C2A112.6 (3)C12B—C11B—H10B108.9
C3A—C1A—C2A110.2 (3)C14B—C12B—C13B109.9 (2)
C1A—C2A—H21A109.5C14B—C12B—C11B112.2 (2)
C1A—C2A—H22A109.5C13B—C12B—C11B109.9 (2)
H21A—C2A—H22A109.5C14B—C12B—H11B108.2
C1A—C2A—H23A109.5C13B—C12B—H11B108.2
H21A—C2A—H23A109.5C11B—C12B—H11B108.2
H22A—C2A—H23A109.5C12B—C13B—H12B109.5
C1A—C3A—H31A109.5C12B—C13B—H13B109.5
C1A—C3A—H32A109.5H12B—C13B—H13B109.5
H31A—C3A—H32A109.5C12B—C13B—H14B109.5
C1A—C3A—H33A109.5H12B—C13B—H14B109.5
H31A—C3A—H33A109.5H13B—C13B—H14B109.5
H32A—C3A—H33A109.5C12B—C14B—H15B109.5
C1A—C4A—H41A109.5C12B—C14B—H16B109.5
C1A—C4A—H42A109.5H15B—C14B—H16B109.5
H41A—C4A—H42A109.5C12B—C14B—H17B109.5
C1A—C4A—H43A109.5H15B—C14B—H17B109.5
H41A—C4A—H43A109.5H16B—C14B—H17B109.5
H42A—C4A—H43A109.5O5B—C15B—O4B123.9 (2)
O2A—C5A—N1A125.1 (2)O5B—C15B—C11B126.0 (2)
O2A—C5A—O1A125.0 (3)O4B—C15B—C11B110.1 (2)
N1A—C5A—O1A109.9 (2)O4B—C16B—H18B109.5
N1A—C6A—C10A109.4 (2)O4B—C16B—H19B109.5
N1A—C6A—C7A110.1 (2)H18B—C16B—H19B109.5
C10A—C6A—C7A112.1 (2)O4B—C16B—H20B109.5
N1A—C6A—H61A108.4H18B—C16B—H20B109.5
C10A—C6A—H61A108.4H19B—C16B—H20B109.5
C7A—C6A—H61A108.4C5C—O1C—C1C120.28 (19)
C9A—C7A—C8A111.0 (2)C15C—O4C—C16C116.3 (2)
C9A—C7A—C6A110.4 (2)C5C—N1C—C6C120.8 (2)
C8A—C7A—C6A109.9 (2)C5C—N1C—H1C116.7 (19)
C9A—C7A—H71A108.5C6C—N1C—H1C119.5 (19)
C8A—C7A—H71A108.5C10C—N2C—C11C120.3 (2)
C6A—C7A—H71A108.5C10C—N2C—H2C119.2 (19)
C7A—C8A—H81A109.5C11C—N2C—H2C120.4 (19)
C7A—C8A—H82A109.5O1C—C1C—C3C109.5 (2)
H81A—C8A—H82A109.5O1C—C1C—C2C110.8 (2)
C7A—C8A—H83A109.5C3C—C1C—C2C113.0 (3)
H81A—C8A—H83A109.5O1C—C1C—C4C101.9 (2)
H82A—C8A—H83A109.5C3C—C1C—C4C111.1 (3)
C7A—C9A—H91A109.5C2C—C1C—C4C110.0 (3)
C7A—C9A—H92A109.5C1C—C2C—H21C109.5
H91A—C9A—H92A109.5C1C—C2C—H22C109.5
C7A—C9A—H93A109.5H21C—C2C—H22C109.5
H91A—C9A—H93A109.5C1C—C2C—H23C109.5
H92A—C9A—H93A109.5H21C—C2C—H23C109.5
O3A—C10A—N2A121.4 (2)H22C—C2C—H23C109.5
O3A—C10A—C6A121.9 (2)C1C—C3C—H31C109.5
N2A—C10A—C6A116.7 (2)C1C—C3C—H32C109.5
N2A—C11A—C15A110.1 (2)H31C—C3C—H32C109.5
N2A—C11A—C12A110.2 (2)C1C—C3C—H33C109.5
C15A—C11A—C12A112.5 (2)H31C—C3C—H33C109.5
N2A—C11A—H10A108.0H32C—C3C—H33C109.5
C15A—C11A—H10A108.0C1C—C4C—H41C109.5
C12A—C11A—H10A108.0C1C—C4C—H42C109.5
C14A—C12A—C13A111.3 (3)H41C—C4C—H42C109.5
C14A—C12A—C11A112.9 (2)C1C—C4C—H43C109.5
C13A—C12A—C11A111.0 (2)H41C—C4C—H43C109.5
C14A—C12A—H11A107.1H42C—C4C—H43C109.5
C13A—C12A—H11A107.1O2C—C5C—O1C125.1 (2)
C11A—C12A—H11A107.1O2C—C5C—N1C124.3 (2)
C12A—C13A—H12A109.5O1C—C5C—N1C110.7 (2)
C12A—C13A—H13A109.5N1C—C6C—C10C108.9 (2)
H12A—C13A—H13A109.5N1C—C6C—C7C110.2 (2)
C12A—C13A—H14A109.5C10C—C6C—C7C111.4 (2)
H12A—C13A—H14A109.5N1C—C6C—H61C108.8
H13A—C13A—H14A109.5C10C—C6C—H61C108.8
C12A—C14A—H15A109.5C7C—C6C—H61C108.8
C12A—C14A—H16A109.5C9C—C7C—C8C111.1 (3)
H15A—C14A—H16A109.5C9C—C7C—C6C110.6 (2)
C12A—C14A—H17A109.5C8C—C7C—C6C110.6 (2)
H15A—C14A—H17A109.5C9C—C7C—H71C108.1
H16A—C14A—H17A109.5C8C—C7C—H71C108.1
O5A—C15A—O4A124.3 (3)C6C—C7C—H71C108.1
O5A—C15A—C11A126.0 (3)C7C—C8C—H81C109.5
O4A—C15A—C11A109.7 (3)C7C—C8C—H82C109.5
O4A—C16A—H18A109.5H81C—C8C—H82C109.5
O4A—C16A—H19A109.5C7C—C8C—H83C109.5
H18A—C16A—H19A109.5H81C—C8C—H83C109.5
O4A—C16A—H20A109.5H82C—C8C—H83C109.5
H18A—C16A—H20A109.5C7C—C9C—H91C109.5
H19A—C16A—H20A109.5C7C—C9C—H92C109.5
C5B—O1B—C1B121.1 (2)H91C—C9C—H92C109.5
C15B—O4B—C16B115.9 (2)C7C—C9C—H93C109.5
C5B—N1B—C6B121.9 (2)H91C—C9C—H93C109.5
C5B—N1B—H1B123.2 (19)H92C—C9C—H93C109.5
C6B—N1B—H1B113.6 (19)O3C—C10C—N2C122.3 (2)
C10B—N2B—C11B121.8 (2)O3C—C10C—C6C120.4 (2)
C10B—N2B—H2B120.1 (18)N2C—C10C—C6C117.3 (2)
C11B—N2B—H2B118.1 (18)N2C—C11C—C15C109.9 (2)
O1B—C1B—C3B110.4 (2)N2C—C11C—C12C111.3 (3)
O1B—C1B—C2B111.1 (3)C15C—C11C—C12C112.1 (3)
C3B—C1B—C2B111.4 (4)N2C—C11C—H10C107.7
O1B—C1B—C4B102.1 (3)C15C—C11C—H10C107.7
C3B—C1B—C4B111.2 (3)C12C—C11C—H10C107.7
C2B—C1B—C4B110.3 (4)C13C—C12C—C14C113.7 (5)
C1B—C2B—H21B109.5C13C—C12C—C11C111.3 (5)
C1B—C2B—H22B109.5C14C—C12C—C11C111.8 (4)
H21B—C2B—H22B109.5C13C—C12C—H11C106.5
C1B—C2B—H23B109.5C14C—C12C—H11C106.5
H21B—C2B—H23B109.5C11C—C12C—H11C106.5
H22B—C2B—H23B109.5H12C—C13C—H13C109.5
C1B—C3B—H31B109.5H12C—C13C—H14C109.5
C1B—C3B—H32B109.5H13C—C13C—H14C109.5
H31B—C3B—H32B109.5C12C—C13C—H12C109.5
C1B—C3B—H33B109.5C12C—C13C—H13C109.5
H31B—C3B—H33B109.5C12C—C13C—H14C109.5
H32B—C3B—H33B109.5C12C—C14C—H15C109.5
C1B—C4B—H41B109.5C12C—C14C—H16C109.5
C1B—C4B—H42B109.5C12C—C14C—H17C109.5
H41B—C4B—H42B109.5H15C—C14C—H16C109.5
C1B—C4B—H43B109.5H15C—C14C—H17C109.5
H41B—C4B—H43B109.5H16C—C14C—H17C109.5
H42B—C4B—H43B109.5C14D—C12D—C13D109 (2)
O2B—C5B—N1B125.7 (2)C14D—C12D—H11D110.1
O2B—C5B—O1B124.7 (2)C13D—C12D—H11D110.1
N1B—C5B—O1B109.6 (2)C12D—C13D—H12D109.5
N1B—C6B—C10B108.70 (19)C12D—C13D—H13D109.5
N1B—C6B—C7B111.2 (2)H12D—C13D—H13D109.5
C10B—C6B—C7B111.3 (2)C12D—C13D—H14D109.5
N1B—C6B—H61B108.5H12D—C13D—H14D109.5
C10B—C6B—H61B108.5H13D—C13D—H14D109.5
C7B—C6B—H61B108.5C12D—C14D—H15D109.5
C8B—C7B—C9B110.8 (2)C12D—C14D—H16D109.5
C8B—C7B—C6B111.1 (2)H15D—C14D—H16D109.5
C9B—C7B—C6B110.2 (2)C12D—C14D—H17D109.5
C8B—C7B—H71B108.2H15D—C14D—H17D109.5
C9B—C7B—H71B108.2H16D—C14D—H17D109.5
C6B—C7B—H71B108.2O5C—C15C—O4C125.2 (3)
C7B—C8B—H81B109.5O5C—C15C—C11C125.9 (2)
C7B—C8B—H82B109.5O4C—C15C—C11C108.9 (2)
H81B—C8B—H82B109.5O4C—C16C—H18C109.5
C7B—C8B—H83B109.5O4C—C16C—H19C109.5
H81B—C8B—H83B109.5H18C—C16C—H19C109.5
H82B—C8B—H83B109.5O4C—C16C—H20C109.5
C7B—C9B—H91B109.5H18C—C16C—H20C109.5
C7B—C9B—H92B109.5H19C—C16C—H20C109.5
C1A—O1A—C5A—N1A−178.4 (3)C6B—N1B—C5B—O2B6.3 (4)
O1A—C5A—N1A—C6A−177.4 (2)C5B—N1B—C6B—C7B119.6 (3)
C5A—N1A—C6A—C10A−87.6 (3)C10B—C6B—C7B—C8B59.1 (3)
N1A—C6A—C10A—N2A126.2 (2)C10B—C6B—C7B—C9B−177.6 (2)
C6A—C10A—N2A—C11A−176.4 (2)C11B—N2B—C10B—O3B−1.8 (4)
C10A—N2A—C11A—C15A−62.6 (3)N1B—C6B—C10B—O3B−46.5 (3)
N2A—C11A—C15A—O4A149.1 (2)C7B—C6B—C10B—O3B76.3 (3)
C11A—C15A—O4A—C16A178.2 (3)C7B—C6B—C10B—N2B−102.9 (3)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C8A−64.3 (3)C10B—N2B—C11B—C12B−179.0 (2)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C9A172.9 (2)C15B—C11B—C12B—C14B48.8 (3)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C13A−168.9 (2)C15B—C11B—C12B—C13B171.4 (2)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C14A65.2 (3)C16B—O4B—C15B—O5B−0.9 (4)
C5A—O1A—C1A—C4A59.7 (4)N2B—C11B—C15B—O5B−41.0 (3)
C5A—O1A—C1A—C3A−64.2 (4)C12B—C11B—C15B—O5B79.9 (3)
C5A—O1A—C1A—C2A179.2 (3)C12B—C11B—C15B—O4B−97.5 (2)
C1A—O1A—C5A—O2A3.0 (4)C1C—O1C—C5C—N1C177.0 (2)
O2A—C5A—N1A—C6A1.2 (4)O1C—C5C—N1C—C6C168.0 (2)
C5A—N1A—C6A—C7A148.7 (3)C5C—N1C—C6C—C10C−76.2 (3)
C10A—C6A—C7A—C9A50.8 (3)N1C—C6C—C10C—N2C129.5 (2)
C10A—C6A—C7A—C8A173.7 (2)C6C—C10C—N2C—C11C−176.4 (2)
C11A—N2A—C10A—O3A2.8 (4)C10C—N2C—C11C—C15C−58.3 (3)
N1A—C6A—C10A—O3A−52.9 (3)N2C—C11C—C15C—O4C145.5 (2)
C7A—C6A—C10A—O3A69.5 (3)C11C—C15C—O4C—C16C−178.0 (2)
C7A—C6A—C10A—N2A−111.3 (3)N1C—C6C—C7C—C8C−60.2 (3)
C10A—N2A—C11A—C12A172.7 (2)N1C—C6C—C7C—C9C176.3 (2)
C15A—C11A—C12A—C14A−58.0 (3)N2C—C11C—C12C—C13C−157.8 (4)
C15A—C11A—C12A—C13A67.9 (3)N2C—C11C—C12C—C14C73.9 (5)
C16A—O4A—C15A—O5A0.0 (5)C5C—O1C—C1C—C3C−65.7 (3)
N2A—C11A—C15A—O5A−32.7 (4)C5C—O1C—C1C—C2C59.5 (3)
C12A—C11A—C15A—O5A90.6 (4)C5C—O1C—C1C—C4C176.6 (3)
C12A—C11A—C15A—O4A−87.6 (3)C1C—O1C—C5C—O2C−2.4 (4)
C1B—O1B—C5B—N1B174.5 (2)C6C—N1C—C5C—O2C−12.6 (4)
O1B—C5B—N1B—C6B−174.1 (2)C5C—N1C—C6C—C7C161.4 (2)
C5B—N1B—C6B—C10B−117.6 (2)C10C—C6C—C7C—C9C55.3 (3)
N1B—C6B—C10B—N2B134.3 (2)C10C—C6C—C7C—C8C178.8 (2)
C6B—C10B—N2B—C11B177.5 (2)C11C—N2C—C10C—O3C4.0 (4)
C10B—N2B—C11B—C15B−57.0 (3)N1C—C6C—C10C—O3C−50.9 (3)
N2B—C11B—C15B—O4B141.6 (2)C7C—C6C—C10C—O3C70.9 (3)
C11B—C15B—O4B—C16B176.6 (2)C7C—C6C—C10C—N2C−108.8 (3)
N1B—C6B—C7B—C8B−179.5 (2)C10C—N2C—C11C—C12C176.8 (3)
N1B—C6B—C7B—C9B−56.3 (3)C15C—C11C—C12C—C13C78.6 (5)
N2B—C11B—C12B—C13B−67.2 (3)C15C—C11C—C12C—C14C−49.8 (6)
N2B—C11B—C12B—C14B170.2 (2)C16C—O4C—C15C—O5C2.8 (4)
C5B—O1B—C1B—C3B−62.9 (4)C16C—O4C—C15C—C11C−178.0 (2)
C5B—O1B—C1B—C2B61.2 (4)N2C—C11C—C15C—O5C−35.4 (4)
C5B—O1B—C1B—C4B178.8 (3)C12C—C11C—C15C—O5C89.0 (4)
C1B—O1B—C5B—O2B−5.9 (4)C12C—C11C—C15C—O4C−90.1 (4)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A···O2Ci0.85 (2)2.08 (2)2.920 (3)169 (3)
N2A—H2A···O3B0.87 (2)2.03 (2)2.874 (3)165 (3)
C6A—H61A···O3B1.002.453.295 (3)142
N1B—H1B···O2A0.85 (2)2.14 (2)2.948 (3)157 (3)
N2B—H2B···O3C0.86 (2)1.97 (2)2.810 (3)170 (3)
C6B—H61B···O3C1.002.523.367 (3)142
N1C—H1C···O2B0.87 (2)2.12 (2)2.966 (3)164 (3)
N2C—H2C···O3Aii0.86 (2)1.92 (2)2.782 (3)177 (3)
C6C—H61C···O3Aii1.002.753.559 (3)138
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, −y, z+1/2; (ii) −x+3/2, −y, z−1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC16H30N2O5
Mr330.42
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K)150
a, b, c (Å)11.6937 (12), 18.6458 (19), 27.047 (3)
V (Å3)5897.3 (10)
Z12
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm−1)0.08
Crystal size (mm)0.72 × 0.15 × 0.11
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2007)
Tmin, Tmax0.900, 0.980
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections		38750, 5757, 4918
Rint0.044
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)0.596
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.036, 0.089, 1.03
No. of reflections5757
No. of parameters651
No. of restraints12
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.19, −0.18

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007), SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2007), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Selected torsion angles (º) top
C1A—O1A—C5A—N1A−178.4 (3)N2B—C11B—C15B—O4B141.6 (2)
O1A—C5A—N1A—C6A−177.4 (2)C11B—C15B—O4B—C16B176.6 (2)
C5A—N1A—C6A—C10A−87.6 (3)N1B—C6B—C7B—C8B−179.5 (2)
N1A—C6A—C10A—N2A126.2 (2)N1B—C6B—C7B—C9B−56.3 (3)
C6A—C10A—N2A—C11A−176.4 (2)N2B—C11B—C12B—C13B−67.2 (3)
C10A—N2A—C11A—C15A−62.6 (3)N2B—C11B—C12B—C14B170.2 (2)
N2A—C11A—C15A—O4A149.1 (2)C1C—O1C—C5C—N1C177.0 (2)
C11A—C15A—O4A—C16A178.2 (3)O1C—C5C—N1C—C6C168.0 (2)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C8A−64.3 (3)C5C—N1C—C6C—C10C−76.2 (3)
N1A—C6A—C7A—C9A172.9 (2)N1C—C6C—C10C—N2C129.5 (2)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C13A−168.9 (2)C6C—C10C—N2C—C11C−176.4 (2)
N2A—C11A—C12A—C14A65.2 (3)C10C—N2C—C11C—C15C−58.3 (3)
C1B—O1B—C5B—N1B174.5 (2)N2C—C11C—C15C—O4C145.5 (2)
O1B—C5B—N1B—C6B−174.1 (2)C11C—C15C—O4C—C16C−178.0 (2)
C5B—N1B—C6B—C10B−117.6 (2)N1C—C6C—C7C—C8C−60.2 (3)
N1B—C6B—C10B—N2B134.3 (2)N1C—C6C—C7C—C9C176.3 (2)
C6B—C10B—N2B—C11B177.5 (2)N2C—C11C—C12C—C13C−157.8 (4)
C10B—N2B—C11B—C15B−57.0 (3)N2C—C11C—C12C—C14C73.9 (5)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A···O2Ci0.851 (17)2.080 (18)2.920 (3)169 (3)
N2A—H2A···O3B0.865 (17)2.031 (18)2.874 (3)165 (3)
C6A—H61A···O3B1.002.453.295 (3)142.0
N1B—H1B···O2A0.854 (17)2.14 (2)2.948 (3)157 (3)
N2B—H2B···O3C0.855 (17)1.965 (18)2.810 (3)170 (3)
C6B—H61B···O3C1.002.523.367 (3)142.0
N1C—H1C···O2B0.865 (17)2.124 (19)2.966 (3)164 (3)
N2C—H2C···O3Aii0.859 (17)1.924 (18)2.782 (3)177 (3)
C6C—H61C···O3Aii1.002.753.559 (3)137.8
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3/2, −y, z+1/2; (ii) −x+3/2, −y, z−1/2.
 

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Journal logoSTRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY
ISSN: 2053-2296
Volume 67| Part 8| August 2011| Pages o278-o282
doi:10.1107/S0108270111022293
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