Good data with `bad' reflections: the employment of non-spherical scattering factors in the redetermination of the structure of O-ethyl N-phenyl­carbamate

Jones, P.G.

doi:10.1107/S2053229625005959

research papers

STRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY

ISSN: 2053-2296

Volume 81| Part 8| August 2025| Pages 455-461

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229625005959

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Good data with `bad' reflections: the employment of non-spherical scattering factors in the redetermination of the structure of O-ethyl N-phenylcarbamate

Peter G. Jones ^a ^*

^aInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
^*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by S. Moggach, The University of Western Australia, Australia (Received 11 March 2025; accepted 30 June 2025; online 10 July 2025)

Dedicated to the memory of Professor George M. Sheldrick

The structure of O-ethyl N-phenylthiocarbamate, C₉H₁₁NOS (2), has been redetermined, confirming the results obtained in three earlier structure determinations. The higher data quality provided by modern diffractomers has enabled a reliable analysis (absent from the earlier reports) of the hydrogen bonding. However, conventional refinement of the structure of 2 was unsatisfactory because of the large number of extremely badly-fitting reflections, leading to many checkCIF `ALERT A' messages that might be detrimental to ease of publication. A refinement using nonspherical scattering factors effectively eliminated this problem. There are three independent molecules of 2 in the asymmetric unit; two are directly connected by two N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer with the well-known R₂²(8) motif. The other molecule forms a topologically identical but inversion-symmetric dimer. Each type of dimer occupies a different region parallel to the ac plane (molecule 1, y ≃ 0; molecules 2 and 3, y ≃ $[1 \over 3]$ and $[2 \over 3]$ ). All three molecules lie in planes parallel to (031). The title compound is effectively isotypic to 1-ethyl-3-phenylthiourea (another known structure for which the hydrogen bonding was not analysed) because its EtNH group, like the EtO group of 2, is not involved in hydrogen bonding.

Keywords: thiourea; carbamate; hydrogen bonding; nonspherical scattering factors; crystal structure.

CCDC references: 2469611; 2469612

1. Introduction

In a recent investigation of well-formed crystals that were believed to be an organic thiol, containing the elements C, H, N and S, preliminary diffractometer investigations (using the routine `What is this?'; Rigaku OD, 2024 ) suggested that the compound was in fact 1-ethyl-3-phenylthiourea (1), the structure of which is known [Singh et al., 2015 ; room-temperature data; Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.46 of November 2024; Groom et al., 2016 ) refcode NOQTUK]. Because this publication did not give a detailed account of the hydrogen bonding, and in view of my interest in structures of ureas and thioureas and their adducts (Strey & Jones, 2018 , and references therein), it was decided to measure a new dataset for this structure. Accordingly, high-quality data were collected to a resolution limit of 0.45 Å at 100 K.

During the data collection, it became clear (using the routine `Autochem') that one of the two supposed HN–ethyl groups was in fact O–ethyl, so that the compound was O-ethyl N-phenylthiocarbamate (2); the `What is this?' routine had only been given the elements C, H, N and S and so could not assign the O atom. This structure too is known, with three database entries of the refcode family PINPIL: Taylor & Tiekink (1994 ), room-temperature data; Nieger et al. (2019 ), deposited data measured at 123 K; and Alsayari et al. (2021 ), room-temperature data with no reference to the earlier structures. It is notable that the unit-cell constants of both compounds are very similar (Table 1), and both have Z′ = 3, but this does not seem to have been commented on. The CIF of Nieger et al. (2019) included three N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds; the other two publications did not discuss these.

Table 1
Structure determinations of 1 and 2 and their unit-cell constants

For both determinations, the space group is P $[\overline{1}]$ and Z = 6.

Compound/refcode	Reference	T (K)	a (Å)	b (Å)	c (Å)	α (°)	β (°)	γ (°)	V (Å³)
1/NOQTUK	Singh et al. (2015)	293	9.7037 (8)	12.0974 (10)	12.2300 (10)	89.337 (7)	84.504 (7)	85.224 (7)	1424.1 (2)
2/PINPIL	Taylor & Tiekink (1994)	295	11.972 (4)	12.114 (1)	9.607 (2)	95.52 (1)	94.80 (3)	89.34 (2)	1382.0
2/PINPIL01	Nieger et al. (2019)	123	9.6664 (3)	11.7827 (3)	12.1319 (3)	88.829 (1)	84.823 (1)	84.368 (1)	1369.41 (6)
2/PINPIL02^a	Alsayari et al. (2021)	293	9.6587 (4)	11.7585 (5)	12.1212 (5)	88.807 (2)	84.858 (2)	84.314 (2)	1364.24 (10)
2	This work	100	9.6661 (2)	11.7465 (3)	12.1224 (2)	88.8230 (18)	84.8866 (16)	84.2903 (18)	1364.03 (5)
Note: (a) the unit-cell constants for PINPIL02 and title structure 2 are closely similar, despite the recorded temperature of PINPIL02 being given as 293 K in the CSD.

In the present article, I discuss the hydrogen bonding of 2 and compare it to that of 1. I also describe problems with the conventional refinement of this and other high-resolution datasets (namely that residual electron density can be high, and there can be many `bad' reflections with large differences between calculated and observed structure factors) and the methods used to overcome these problems.

2. Experimental

2.1. Synthesis and crystallization

Crystals arose by chance from an experiment designed to deliver an organic thiol. Clearly, the reaction did not proceed as expected; there may have been decomposition by accidental access of atmospheric moisture.

2.2. Refinement

Details of the measurements (necessarily identical for both refinements of the same data!) and refinements are given in Table 2. The standard refinement (column `2_IAM') employed SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b ). H atoms of NH groups were refined freely. Methyl groups were refined as idealized rigid groups, with C—H = 0.98 Å and H—C—H = 109.5°, and allowed to rotate but not tip (command `AFIX 137'). Other H atoms were included using a riding model, starting from calculated positions, with C—H = 0.95 Å for aromatic and 0.99 Å for methylene H atoms. For the NoSpherA2 refinement (column `2_NoSpherA2' in Table 2), the wavefunction was calculated using ORCA (Neese et al., 2020 ; Neese, 2022 ), using the B3LYP hybrid functional and the def2-SVP basis set (see also the following section).

Table 2
Experimental details

For both refinements: C₉H₁₁NOS, triclinic, P $[\overline{1}]$ , Z = 6. The experiment was carried out at 100 K with Mo Kα radiation using a Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy diffractometer. Absorption was corrected for by multi-scan methods (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2024).

	2_IAM	2_NoSpherA2
Crystal data
M_r	181.25
a, b, c (Å)	9.6661 (2), 11.7465 (3), 12.1224 (2)
α, β, γ (°)	88.8230 (18), 84.8866 (16), 84.2903 (18)
V (Å³)	1364.03 (5)
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.31
Crystal size (mm)	0.2 × 0.2 × 0.1

Data collection
T_min, T_max	0.220, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed reflections [I > 2σ(I)]	317871, 33252, 23960
R_int	0.053
θ values (°)	θ_max = 53.9, θ_min = 2.1
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	1.136

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.034, 0.108, 1.06	0.024, 0.044, 0.99
No. of reflections	33252	33252
No. of parameters	340	622
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement	All H-atom parameters refined
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.63, −0.29	0.38, −0.30
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2024), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ), SHELXL2019 (Sheldrick, 2015b), olex2.refine (Bourhis et al., 2015), XP (Bruker, 1998 ) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ).

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Structural commentary

The structure of 2 is shown in Fig. 1, with selected molecular dimensions in Table 3. All values discussed here are those from the standard refinement (labelled as `2_IAM' in the Tables; for `2_NoSpherA2', see Section 4, Use of non-spherical scattering factors). As established by Taylor & Tiekink (1994), the asymmetric unit of 2 contains three independent but closely similar molecules; the second and third molecules are distinguished here by atom numbers with primes (′) or double primes (′′), respectively. A suitable choice of the asymmetric unit shows that molecules 2 and 3 are connected by two N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, involving a ring of graph set R₂²(8).

Table 3
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for 2_IAM

S1—C1	1.6702 (4)	N1′—C1′	1.3470 (5)
O1—C1	1.3266 (4)	N1′—C4′	1.4167 (5)
O1—C2	1.4586 (5)	S1′′—C1′′	1.6724 (4)
N1—C1	1.3484 (5)	O1′′—C1′′	1.3241 (5)
N1—C4	1.4191 (5)	O1′′—C2′′	1.4541 (5)
S1′—C1′	1.6727 (4)	N1′′—C1′′	1.3457 (5)
O1′—C1′	1.3274 (5)	N1′′—C4′′	1.4179 (5)
O1′—C2′	1.4604 (5)

C1—O1—C2	118.52 (3)	O1′—C1′—S1′	124.18 (3)
C1—N1—C4	130.50 (3)	N1′—C1′—S1′	121.75 (3)
O1—C1—N1	113.77 (3)	C1′′—O1′′—C2′′	119.55 (3)
O1—C1—S1	124.40 (3)	C1′′—N1′′—C4′′	128.93 (3)
N1—C1—S1	121.82 (3)	O1′′—C1′′—N1′′	112.85 (3)
C1′—O1′—C2′	118.40 (3)	O1′′—C1′′—S1′′	124.79 (3)
C1′—N1′—C4′	131.60 (3)	N1′′—C1′′—S1′′	122.36 (3)
O1′—C1′—N1′	114.04 (3)

C2—O1—C1—N1	−179.41 (4)	C1′—O1′—C2′—C3′	−178.03 (3)
C2—O1—C1—S1	0.53 (5)	C1′—N1′—C4′—C5′	16.53 (7)
C4—N1—C1—O1	−7.65 (6)	C1′—N1′—C4′—C9′	−164.81 (4)
C4—N1—C1—S1	172.42 (3)	C2′′—O1′′—C1′′—N1′′	179.74 (4)
C1—O1—C2—C3	−174.98 (4)	C2′′—O1′′—C1′′—S1′′	−0.49 (6)
C1—N1—C4—C5	−24.14 (6)	C4′′—N1′′—C1′′—O1′′	−4.65 (6)
C1—N1—C4—C9	159.70 (4)	C4′′—N1′′—C1′′—S1′′	175.57 (3)
C2′—O1′—C1′—N1′	−173.55 (3)	C1′′—O1′′—C2′′—C3′′	176.04 (4)
C2′—O1′—C1′—S1′	8.55 (5)	C1′′—N1′′—C4′′—C5′′	36.50 (7)
C4′—N1′—C1′—O1′	−1.46 (6)	C1′′—N1′′—C4′′—C9′′	−146.97 (4)
C4′—N1′—C1′—S1′	176.50 (3)

Figure 1
The asymmetric unit of compound 2 in the crystal. Ellipsoids correspond to the 50% probability level. The dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds.

As discussed by Taylor & Tiekink (1994), bond lengths and atoms may be considered normal. The atom sequence C4—N1—C1—S1 is antiperiplanar, whereas C2—O1—C1—S1 is synperiplanar (see torsion angles in Table 3). The sequence H01—N1—C1—S1 is then necessarily synperiplanar, which facilitates the observed hydrogen-bonding pattern. The central group of atoms C1, C2, C4, N1, O1 and S1 is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.033 Å; atom C3, the terminal C atom of the ethyl group, lies outside this plane by only 0.126 (1) Å. The interplanar angle to the arene ring is 28.73 (1)°. The corresponding values for molecules 2 and 3 are: r.m.s. deviations 0.034 (1) and 0.021 (1), C3 deviations 0.108 (1) and 0.108 (1) Å, and interplanar angles 11.94 (2) and 31.31 (1)°, respectively. The interplanar angle thus varies somewhat between the three molecules. The close intramolecular contacts H5⋯O1, included in the list of hydrogen bonds (Table 4), are associated with the small interplanar angles.

Table 4
Hydrogen bond geometry (Å, °) for 2_IAM

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H01⋯S1ⁱ	0.864 (9)	2.533 (10)	3.3867 (3)	169.5 (9)
N1′—H01′⋯S1′′	0.860 (10)	2.538 (10)	3.3766 (4)	165.0 (9)
N1′′—H01′′⋯S1′	0.807 (10)	2.573 (10)	3.3668 (4)	167.7 (10)
C5—H5⋯O1	0.95	2.31	2.8306 (5)	114
C5′—H5′⋯O1′	0.95	2.25	2.8136 (5)	118
C5′′—H5′′⋯O1′′	0.95	2.34	2.7983 (5)	109
C9—H9⋯S1ⁱ	0.95	3.02	3.7264 (4)	132
C9—H9⋯S1′ⁱⁱ	0.95	3.03	3.7860 (4)	138
C9′—H9′⋯S1′′	0.95	2.92	3.6080 (4)	130
C9′′—H9′′⋯S1′	0.95	2.98	3.6864 (4)	132
C2′—H2A′⋯S1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.99	2.92	3.6862 (4)	135
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

3.2. Supramolecular features

Hydrogen bond details are given in Table 4. The packing of compound 2 consists of layers of molecules, parallel to (0 $[\overline{3}]$ 1), connected by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds to form dimers with the well-known R₂²(8) motif; these layers are seen edge-on in Fig. 2, running diagonally from top left to bottom right. One type of dimer involves molecule 1 only, which forms hydrogen bonds via inversion symmetry; these molecules lie horizontally, top and bottom in Fig. 2, occupying the regions y ≃ 0 and 1. Molecules 2 and 3 assemble in an exactly equivalent manner, but without crystallographic symmetry of the dimers, and occupy the two horizontal regions in the centre of Fig. 2, at y ≃ $[1 \over 3]$ and $[2 \over 3]$ . A layer comprising all three molecules is shown in Fig. 3. One translation between translationally equivalent dimers is [100]; the other, lateral, translation may be chosen parallel to [013], confirming the plane (via the zone law) as (0 $[\overline{3}]$ 1). The values `3' in the cited planes and vectors are clearly directly connected with the Z′ value of 3.

Figure 2
Packing of compound 2 projected parallel to the a axis. The layers are shown edge-on. Atom labels distinguish the S atoms of the three independent molecules. For all packing diagrams, the dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds; H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been omitted for clarity.

Figure 3
The packing of compound 2, showing a layer viewed perpendicular to (0 $[\overline{3}]$ 1). S atoms are labelled with different colours: S1 yellow, S1′ green and S1′′ purple.

The contacts H9⋯S1 across the dimers may be regarded as `weak' hydrogen bonds that may provide additional stabilization, although they are not drawn explicitly in the figures. It is notable that the O atoms are not involved in hydrogen bonding; C—O—C moieties are generally considered as less probable hydrogen-bond acceptors (Allen et al., 1999 ).

There is no π–π stacking and the shortest C—H⋯Cg distance is 2.85 Å for H8⋯Cg(C4′′–C9′′)(x − 1, y − 1, z) (Cg indicates a ring centroid).

A comparison of the hydrogen-bonding patterns in compounds 1 and 2 shows that they are exactly equivalent, so that the compounds may be regarded as isotypic, whereby the O atom of 2 corresponds to one N—H group of 1; Fig. 4 shows the layer structure of compound 1. This EtNH group of 1 is thus, perhaps surprisingly, not involved in hydrogen bonding.

Figure 4
The packing of compound 1, showing a layer viewed perpendicular to (0 $[\overline{3}]$ 1). As for Fig. 3

, the S atoms of different independent molecules are given different colours. The diagram was drawn from coordinates retrieved from the CSD.

3.3. Database survey

The search employed the routine ConQuest (Bruno et al., 2002 ), as implemented in the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.46 of November 2024; Groom et al., 2016). It was designed to find only structures containing 1 or 2. In addition to the stuctures of 2 alone, it also found the 2:1 adducts (cocrystals) of 2 with 4,4′-bipyridine (refcode MEWJIK; Yeo & Tiekink, 2018 ) and trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (UHOSEQ; Ellis et al., 2009 ).

4. Use of non-spherical scattering factors

Modern diffractometers, with their powerful X-ray sources, highly sensitive detectors and reliable low-temperature attachments, can nowadays deliver data of a quality that I could not have dreamt of when I began to employ X-ray structure determination half a century ago (Jones et al., 1975 ; Abu-Zaied et al., 2024 ). Even for small crystals of organic compounds, data of significant intensity can often be recorded to 2θ 70° or more (for Mo Kα radiation); inspection of the data reduction shows that such data are often present even if they are too faint to be recognised on diffractometer screen images. One slightly disturbing aspect in my recent experience has been the tendency for refinements of such datasets to give rise to appreciable numbers of badly fitting reflections; these are listed by SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b) as the `Most Disagreeable Reflections'. Thus, in a recent structure (C₁₉H₁₃ClN₄OS), measured to 90° (Metwally et al., 2025 ), there were 13 reflections with deviations between 7σ and 10.2σ. Omitting the worst five from the refinement did not improve the wR2 value, so they were retained. Often, however, omitting a handful of `bad' reflections improves the refinement somewhat, and this is the strategy I have often employed, even if the OMIT command is rather a blunt instrument. Similarly, a recent (unpublished) structure (C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₃P), measured to 105°, had 28 reflections with deviations between 7σ and 13σ.

The new dataset for 2 proved to be an extreme case of this infelicity; in a long list of `disagreeable reflections', the 10 worst-fitting reflections (Table 5) had deviations as high as 10.3–18.6σ. All these reflections have F_o² >> F_c², are quite weak [the highest F_c/F_c(max) is 0.026] and occur at moderate resolution (1.1–2.0 Å). This effect presents a significant challenge for accurate refinement, and might well prevent the structure being published, if editors and/or referees interpreted the corresponding checkCIF `ALERT A' messages strictly. A pragmatist might decide not to collect data to such high angles (or to use a resolution cutoff during refinement), in order to avoid the problem; cutting the data at the `IUCr limit' of 0.84 Å reduces the error/e.s.d. values dramatically (Table 5). I wish to stress that I do not recommend doing this, but one can see the temptation!

Table 5
The worst `disagreeable reflections' for compound 2 (IAM refinement)

h	k	l	Error/e.s.d.	Error/e.s.d. for data cut to 0.84 Å	F_c/F_c(max)	Resolution (Å)
5	1	1	18.62	6.67	0.009	1.92
$[\overline 5]$	2	4	17.26	5.52	0.006	1.48
3	5	4	14.99	5.80	0.006	1.71
5	$[\overline 2]$	2	13.79	5.33	0.002	1.74
$[\overline 3]$	3	9	12.83	3.60	0.001	1.14
5	3	1	11.56	5.78	0.017	1.79
$[\overline 3]$	5	0	10.88	3.91	0.009	1.80
5	4	5	10.54	4.37	0.021	1.44
$[\overline 5]$	$[\overline 1]$	5	10.45	4.90	0.022	1.44
3	5	1	10.33	5.15	0.026	1.98

For 2, there were two possible explanations for this effect. Some powder rings, probably attributable to a slightly mismounted loop, might have given rise to erroneous intensities; however, assiduous removal of the affected frames did not improve the refinement. Alternatively, the use of spherical atom scattering factors might be questioned.

It is well known that the use of spherical atom scattering factors (the independent atom model, IAM) is not ideal, because the electron distribution in any real crystal must involve valence electrons, and thus cannot correspond exactly to spherically symmetric atoms. Consistent with this, IAM refinements using high-angle data generally lead to significant residual electron density with maxima at the mid-point of covalent bonds; this can lead to checkCIF `C alerts' of type PLAT094 (Ratio of maximum/minimum residual density) and `G alerts' of type PLAT978 (Number C—C bonds with positive residual density), although the latter are probably intended as a check against fraudulent data. Nevertheless, in practice, and in the absence of a better procedure that can be simply applied, spherical scattering factors continue to be used; any errors thus arising are considered to be small and tolerable.

Recent attempts to use non-spherical scattering factors include the program NoSpherA2 (Kleemiss et al., 2021 , and references therein). This operates under the OLEX2 platform (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ; Bourhis et al., 2015 ), which normally offers the alternatives of SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b) or olex2.refine for structure refinement; however, only the latter is suitable for NoSpherA2. The wavefunction of the molecule is calculated and used to determine the scattering factors for each atom, which are then employed in the subsequent refinement. One iteration of the procedure is generally sufficient to provide suitable scattering factors; subsequent refinement cycles omit wavefunction calculations and thus are much faster. Some aspects of the procedure are at first sight somewhat disconcerting, perhaps because they are unfamiliar to the inexperienced user: it might be regarded as somewhat circular (using the structure to determine scattering factors, then using these to refine the structure); for organic structures, H atoms can often be refined freely and anisotropically; refinement times are (on my aged computer) typically around 15 minutes for a full calculation including wavefunction, instead of a few seconds; R values are very low, and standard uncertainties of derived parameters are also very low; total file sizes for the refinement, excluding frames, can be in the GB rather than MB range; and the user is forced to use OLEX2 because (to the best of my knowledge) the method is not readily available in other refinement programs/platforms. A clear advantage is that bond lengths involving H atoms tend towards the `correct' values rather than the artificially shortened values from traditional refinement. Hill & Boeré (2025 , and references therein) have published a valuable and thought-provoking review detailing their extensive experiences with NoSpherA2; they mention many advantages of its use and argue forcefully that it should become the standard refinement method. They also point to several disadvantages of standard refinement, but do not refer explicitly to problems with `bad' reflections.

The use of NoSpherA2 to refine the structure of 2 led to a great improvement, in that all previously `bad' reflections now fitted well (none of the ten previously worst reflections had an absolute deviation of more than 4σ; for all reflections, the highest deviation was 6.7σ and all others were < 4.8σ). The ellipsoid plot (Fig. 5) is drawn at the 30% probability level to enable inclusion of the anisotropic H atoms. Tables 6 and 7 show the results of the NoSpherA2 refinement; the dimensions of the hydrogen bonds (Table 7) should be more realistic than those of the standard refinement, in which the bonds to hydrogen are systematically shortened (a disadvantage of standard refinement that crystallographers have come to accept and, largely, ignore).

Table 6
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for 2_NoSpherA2

S1—C1	1.6715 (2)	N1′—C1′	1.3471 (3)
O1—C1	1.3239 (3)	N1′—C4′	1.4150 (3)
O1—C2	1.4573 (3)	S1′′—C1′′	1.6746 (2)
N1—C1	1.3481 (3)	O1′′—C1′′	1.3209 (3)
N1—C4	1.4174 (3)	O1′′—C2′′	1.4506 (3)
S1′—C1′	1.6734 (2)	N1′′—C1′′	1.3444 (3)
O1′—C1′	1.3244 (3)	N1′′—C4′′	1.4170 (3)
O1′—C2′	1.4579 (3)

C2—O1—C1	118.704 (17)	N1′—C1′—S1′	121.673 (16)
C4—N1—C1	130.377 (18)	N1′—C1′—O1′	114.246 (18)
O1—C1—S1	124.268 (16)	C2′′—O1′′—C1′′	119.854 (18)
N1—C1—S1	121.763 (15)	C4′′—N1′′—C1′′	128.813 (19)
N1—C1—O1	113.969 (18)	O1′′—C1′′—S1′′	124.602 (16)
C2′—O1′—C1′	118.691 (17)	N1′′—C1′′—S1′′	122.254 (17)
C4′—N1′—C1′	131.471 (19)	N1′′—C1′′—O1′′	113.144 (19)
O1′—C1′—S1′	124.049 (16)

S1—C1—O1—C2	0.52 (2)	C1′—O1′—C2′—C3′	−178.01 (2)
S1—C1—N1—C4	172.539 (16)	C1′—N1′—C4′—C5′	16.53 (3)
O1—C1—N1—C4	−7.51 (3)	C1′—N1′—C4′—C9′	−164.83 (3)
N1—C1—O1—C2	−179.43 (2)	S1′′—C1′′—O1′′—C2′′	−0.48 (3)
C1—O1—C2—C3	−175.01 (2)	S1′′—C1′′—N1′′—C4′′	175.539 (17)
C1—N1—C4—C5	−24.37 (3)	O1′′—C1′′—N1′′—C4′′	−4.68 (3)
C1—N1—C4—C9	159.68 (3)	N1′′—C1′′—O1′′—C2′′	179.75 (2)
S1′—C1′—O1′—C2′	8.49 (2)	C1′′—O1′′—C2′′—C3′′	176.02 (2)
S1′—C1′—N1′—C4′	176.533 (16)	C1′′—N1′′—C4′′—C5′′	36.62 (3)
O1′—C1′—N1′—C4′	−1.49 (3)	C1′′—N1′′—C4′′—C9′′	−147.02 (3)
N1′—C1′—O1′—C2′	−173.540 (19)

Table 7
Hydrogen bond geometry (Å, °) for 2_NoSpherA2

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯S1ⁱ	0.996 (5)	2.409 (5)	3.3863 (2)	166.6 (4)
N1′—H1′⋯S1′′	1.014 (5)	2.415 (5)	3.3761 (2)	158.0 (4)
N1′′—H1′′⋯S1′	1.019 (5)	2.371 (5)	3.3668 (2)	165.4 (4)
C5—H5⋯O1	1.075 (4)	2.280 (5)	2.8304 (3)	109.7 (3)
C5′—H5′⋯O1′	1.070 (4)	2.209 (4)	2.8155 (3)	113.7 (3)
C5′′—H5′′⋯O1′′	1.070 (4)	2.319 (4)	2.8002 (3)	105.4 (3)
C9—H9⋯S1ⁱ	1.072 (4)	2.946 (4)	3.7261 (2)	130.0 (3)
C9—H9⋯S1′ⁱⁱ	1.072 (4)	2.922 (5)	3.7860 (3)	137.8 (3)
C9′—H9′⋯S1′′	1.078 (4)	2.844 (5)	3.6073 (3)	127.8 (3)
C9′′—H9′′⋯S1′	1.074 (5)	2.896 (4)	3.6864 (2)	130.6 (3)
C2′—H2′b⋯S1ⁱⁱⁱ	1.080 (4)	2.886 (4)	3.6869 (3)	131.1 (3)
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

Figure 5
The structure of compound 2 after aspherical refinement. Ellipsoids correspond to the 30% probability level, in order to show the H-atom ellipsoids on a reasonable scale. The dashed lines indicate hydrogen bonds. See Fig. 1

for the atom numbering.

For the structure C₁₉H₁₃ClN₄OS mentioned above, a NoSpherA2 refinement again removed the worst reflections, so that only one reflection with a deviation >7σ remained. Subjectively, this is a less dramatic improvement than for 2, so the standard refinement was retained. Similarly, for the structure C₁₉H₁₉N₂O₃P, no reflections with deviations >7σ remained after a NoSpherA2 refinement. This seems to be a general effect.

Crystallographers, authors, referees and journal editors must decide to what extent the use of programs such as NoSpherA2 is justified in preference to IAM refinement (perhaps only in extreme cases?), and how the results thus obtained should be compared to those of conventional refinement. The need for a decision is implied in the title of the article by Hill & Boeré (2025): `Small molecule X-ray crystal structures at a crossroads'. My opinion is that, if a crystal diffracts to 100°, data should be measured to 100°, even if the outlier reflections become more obvious with increasing data quality (judged by the usual criteria, such as 2θ_max, R_int and R_sigma); if non-spherical scattering factors then have to be employed for the refinement (because otherwise the `bad' reflections become unpleasantly numerous) so be it. For less well-scattering crystals, the crossroad junction turning to NoSpherA2 may well, to resort to a mixed metaphor, be a red herring.

Supporting information

CCDC references: 2469611; 2469612

Crystal structure: contains datablocks 2_IAM, global, 2_NoSpherA2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229625005959/oc3026sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock 2_IAM. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229625005959/oc30262_IAMsup3.hkl

Structure factors: contains datablock 2_NoSpherA2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229625005959/oc30262_NoSpherA2sup4.hkl

Computing details top

N-Phenylethoxycarbothioamide (2_IAM) top

Crystal data top

C₉H₁₁NOS	Z = 6
M_r = 181.25	F(000) = 576
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.324 Mg m⁻³
a = 9.6661 (2) Å	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 11.7465 (3) Å	Cell parameters from 132444 reflections
c = 12.1224 (2) Å	θ = 2.1–53.9°
α = 88.8230 (18)°	µ = 0.31 mm⁻¹
β = 84.8866 (16)°	T = 100 K
γ = 84.2903 (18)°	Tablet, colourless
V = 1364.03 (5) Å³	0.2 × 0.2 × 0.1 mm

Data collection top

Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy diffractometer	33252 independent reflections
Radiation source: micro-focus sealed X-ray tube, PhotonJet (Mo) X-ray Source	23960 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromator	R_int = 0.053
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 53.9°, θ_min = 2.1°
ω scans	h = −21→21
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2024)	k = −26→26
T_min = 0.220, T_max = 1.000	l = −27→26
317871 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: mixed
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.034	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F²) = 0.108	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.055P)² + 0.059P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.06	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
33252 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.63 e Å⁻³
340 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.29 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
S1	0.21600 (2)	0.02605 (2)	0.50567 (2)	0.01483 (2)
O1	0.32985 (3)	−0.06362 (3)	0.31547 (3)	0.01517 (4)
N1	0.09842 (3)	−0.06819 (3)	0.34623 (3)	0.01380 (4)
H01	0.0245 (10)	−0.0565 (8)	0.3917 (8)	0.024 (2)*
C1	0.21653 (4)	−0.03785 (3)	0.38380 (3)	0.01227 (4)
C2	0.46397 (4)	−0.03567 (4)	0.34820 (3)	0.01618 (6)
H2A	0.489382	−0.080976	0.414447	0.019*
H2B	0.459760	0.046626	0.365667	0.019*
C3	0.56949 (4)	−0.06463 (5)	0.25113 (4)	0.02070 (7)
H3A	0.543195	−0.018891	0.186377	0.031*
H3B	0.571893	−0.146123	0.234477	0.031*
H3C	0.661954	−0.047676	0.269449	0.031*
C4	0.07410 (4)	−0.11127 (3)	0.24189 (3)	0.01202 (4)
C5	0.15684 (4)	−0.09303 (4)	0.14380 (3)	0.01462 (5)
H5	0.238463	−0.054408	0.145161	0.018*
C6	0.11891 (4)	−0.13181 (4)	0.04409 (3)	0.01692 (6)
H6	0.174590	−0.118578	−0.022661	0.020*
C7	0.00048 (4)	−0.18974 (4)	0.04082 (4)	0.01712 (6)
H7	−0.024255	−0.216337	−0.027549	0.021*
C8	−0.08139 (4)	−0.20832 (4)	0.13884 (4)	0.01647 (6)
H8	−0.162291	−0.247834	0.137317	0.020*
C9	−0.04514 (4)	−0.16921 (3)	0.23899 (3)	0.01440 (5)
H9	−0.101518	−0.181893	0.305518	0.017*
S1'	0.90290 (2)	0.65349 (2)	0.50105 (2)	0.01602 (2)
O1'	0.93607 (3)	0.75571 (3)	0.68898 (2)	0.01446 (4)
N1'	0.72011 (3)	0.70799 (3)	0.67158 (3)	0.01384 (4)
H01'	0.6603 (10)	0.6881 (8)	0.6290 (9)	0.029 (2)*
C1'	0.85197 (4)	0.70961 (3)	0.62553 (3)	0.01237 (5)
C2'	1.07717 (4)	0.77284 (4)	0.64234 (3)	0.01509 (5)
H2A'	1.073819	0.826338	0.578243	0.018*
H2B'	1.127614	0.699163	0.617174	0.018*
C3'	1.14964 (4)	0.82191 (4)	0.73303 (4)	0.01761 (6)
H3A'	1.156360	0.766511	0.794342	0.026*
H3B'	1.096096	0.892756	0.759685	0.026*
H3C'	1.243557	0.838340	0.703985	0.026*
C4'	0.65594 (4)	0.74448 (3)	0.77623 (3)	0.01242 (5)
C5'	0.71125 (4)	0.81745 (4)	0.84693 (3)	0.01511 (5)
H5'	0.799562	0.844640	0.827223	0.018*
C6'	0.63564 (4)	0.84989 (4)	0.94654 (3)	0.01682 (6)
H6'	0.673613	0.898935	0.994758	0.020*
C7'	0.50574 (4)	0.81185 (4)	0.97668 (3)	0.01691 (6)
H7'	0.454597	0.835598	1.044230	0.020*
C8'	0.45154 (4)	0.73843 (4)	0.90647 (4)	0.01703 (6)
H8'	0.363195	0.711443	0.926512	0.020*
C9'	0.52614 (4)	0.70443 (4)	0.80719 (3)	0.01538 (5)
H9'	0.488853	0.653787	0.760134	0.018*
S1"	0.44626 (2)	0.67494 (2)	0.52468 (2)	0.01813 (2)
O1"	0.40937 (3)	0.60232 (3)	0.32394 (3)	0.01632 (5)
N1"	0.63052 (3)	0.61350 (3)	0.35628 (3)	0.01501 (5)
H01"	0.6888 (11)	0.6183 (8)	0.3993 (9)	0.031 (2)*
C1"	0.49569 (4)	0.62821 (3)	0.39643 (3)	0.01349 (5)
C2"	0.25987 (4)	0.61326 (4)	0.35499 (4)	0.01686 (6)
H2A"	0.227385	0.692025	0.379549	0.020*
H2B"	0.236400	0.559120	0.415865	0.020*
C3"	0.19338 (5)	0.58573 (4)	0.25230 (4)	0.01947 (7)
H3A"	0.219962	0.638672	0.192378	0.029*
H3B"	0.091629	0.593543	0.267621	0.029*
H3C"	0.225270	0.507055	0.230074	0.029*
C4"	0.68901 (4)	0.56813 (3)	0.25307 (3)	0.01299 (5)
C5"	0.62592 (4)	0.58646 (4)	0.15398 (3)	0.01591 (5)
H5"	0.536911	0.628746	0.153600	0.019*
C6"	0.69447 (5)	0.54230 (4)	0.05582 (3)	0.01759 (6)
H6"	0.651455	0.554568	−0.011460	0.021*
C7"	0.82521 (5)	0.48041 (4)	0.05490 (4)	0.01741 (6)
H7"	0.870783	0.449942	−0.012303	0.021*
C8"	0.88839 (4)	0.46370 (4)	0.15363 (4)	0.01653 (6)
H8"	0.978085	0.422485	0.153553	0.020*
C9"	0.82093 (4)	0.50700 (3)	0.25233 (3)	0.01479 (5)
H9"	0.864529	0.495027	0.319370	0.018*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
S1	0.01302 (3)	0.02007 (4)	0.01170 (3)	−0.00304 (3)	−0.00017 (3)	−0.00478 (3)
O1	0.00987 (8)	0.02325 (12)	0.01259 (10)	−0.00217 (8)	−0.00045 (7)	−0.00494 (8)
N1	0.01062 (9)	0.01984 (12)	0.01122 (10)	−0.00286 (8)	0.00003 (8)	−0.00423 (9)
C1	0.01100 (10)	0.01501 (11)	0.01088 (11)	−0.00155 (8)	−0.00073 (8)	−0.00179 (9)
C2	0.01070 (11)	0.02434 (16)	0.01394 (13)	−0.00285 (10)	−0.00146 (9)	−0.00340 (11)
C3	0.01184 (12)	0.0331 (2)	0.01699 (15)	−0.00184 (13)	0.00046 (11)	−0.00482 (14)
C4	0.01056 (10)	0.01440 (11)	0.01123 (11)	−0.00157 (8)	−0.00078 (8)	−0.00211 (8)
C5	0.01294 (11)	0.01970 (13)	0.01165 (11)	−0.00435 (10)	0.00017 (9)	−0.00266 (10)
C6	0.01512 (13)	0.02448 (16)	0.01157 (12)	−0.00376 (11)	−0.00071 (10)	−0.00355 (11)
C7	0.01536 (13)	0.02254 (15)	0.01421 (13)	−0.00289 (11)	−0.00320 (10)	−0.00468 (11)
C8	0.01392 (12)	0.02000 (14)	0.01652 (14)	−0.00454 (10)	−0.00320 (10)	−0.00274 (11)
C9	0.01203 (11)	0.01786 (13)	0.01376 (12)	−0.00372 (9)	−0.00081 (9)	−0.00134 (10)
S1'	0.01325 (3)	0.02159 (4)	0.01337 (4)	−0.00253 (3)	0.00024 (3)	−0.00580 (3)
O1'	0.01093 (8)	0.02134 (11)	0.01164 (9)	−0.00378 (8)	−0.00097 (7)	−0.00248 (8)
N1'	0.01109 (9)	0.01926 (12)	0.01154 (10)	−0.00310 (8)	−0.00049 (8)	−0.00310 (9)
C1'	0.01129 (10)	0.01461 (11)	0.01134 (11)	−0.00166 (8)	−0.00109 (8)	−0.00103 (9)
C2'	0.01174 (11)	0.02033 (14)	0.01357 (12)	−0.00356 (10)	−0.00087 (9)	−0.00080 (10)
C3'	0.01474 (13)	0.02162 (15)	0.01747 (15)	−0.00428 (11)	−0.00402 (11)	−0.00107 (12)
C4'	0.01117 (10)	0.01519 (11)	0.01100 (11)	−0.00158 (8)	−0.00112 (8)	−0.00066 (9)
C5'	0.01323 (11)	0.01886 (13)	0.01361 (12)	−0.00342 (10)	−0.00021 (9)	−0.00389 (10)
C6'	0.01540 (13)	0.02139 (15)	0.01378 (13)	−0.00268 (11)	0.00008 (10)	−0.00472 (11)
C7'	0.01477 (13)	0.02249 (15)	0.01300 (13)	−0.00110 (11)	0.00083 (10)	−0.00184 (11)
C8'	0.01302 (12)	0.02379 (16)	0.01438 (13)	−0.00391 (11)	0.00076 (10)	−0.00080 (11)
C9'	0.01305 (12)	0.02032 (14)	0.01331 (12)	−0.00453 (10)	−0.00064 (10)	−0.00132 (10)
S1"	0.01392 (4)	0.02775 (5)	0.01275 (4)	−0.00157 (3)	−0.00059 (3)	−0.00587 (3)
O1"	0.01041 (9)	0.02579 (13)	0.01309 (10)	−0.00231 (8)	−0.00145 (7)	−0.00404 (9)
N1"	0.01086 (10)	0.02288 (13)	0.01161 (10)	−0.00230 (9)	−0.00132 (8)	−0.00290 (9)
C1"	0.01144 (10)	0.01747 (12)	0.01174 (11)	−0.00172 (9)	−0.00147 (9)	−0.00131 (9)
C2"	0.01103 (11)	0.02335 (16)	0.01637 (14)	−0.00206 (10)	−0.00122 (10)	−0.00238 (12)
C3"	0.01506 (13)	0.02253 (16)	0.02165 (17)	−0.00110 (12)	−0.00625 (12)	−0.00367 (13)
C4"	0.01149 (10)	0.01645 (12)	0.01124 (11)	−0.00266 (9)	−0.00071 (9)	−0.00061 (9)
C5"	0.01339 (12)	0.02231 (15)	0.01190 (12)	−0.00083 (10)	−0.00153 (9)	0.00030 (10)
C6"	0.01627 (13)	0.02501 (16)	0.01165 (12)	−0.00256 (12)	−0.00134 (10)	−0.00076 (11)
C7"	0.01633 (13)	0.02165 (15)	0.01417 (13)	−0.00276 (11)	0.00082 (11)	−0.00322 (11)
C8"	0.01410 (12)	0.01851 (14)	0.01670 (14)	−0.00059 (10)	−0.00039 (10)	−0.00250 (11)
C9"	0.01303 (11)	0.01753 (13)	0.01389 (12)	−0.00127 (9)	−0.00183 (9)	−0.00076 (10)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

S1—C1	1.6702 (4)	C8"—C9"	1.3912 (6)
O1—C1	1.3266 (4)	N1—H01	0.864 (9)
O1—C2	1.4586 (5)	C2—H2A	0.9900
N1—C1	1.3484 (5)	C2—H2B	0.9900
N1—C4	1.4191 (5)	C3—H3A	0.9800
C2—C3	1.5080 (6)	C3—H3B	0.9800
C4—C5	1.3977 (5)	C3—H3C	0.9800
C4—C9	1.3990 (5)	C5—H5	0.9500
C5—C6	1.3920 (5)	C6—H6	0.9500
C6—C7	1.3926 (6)	C7—H7	0.9500
C7—C8	1.3934 (6)	C8—H8	0.9500
C8—C9	1.3924 (6)	C9—H9	0.9500
S1'—C1'	1.6727 (4)	N1'—H01'	0.860 (10)
O1'—C1'	1.3274 (5)	C2'—H2A'	0.9900
O1'—C2'	1.4604 (5)	C2'—H2B'	0.9900
N1'—C1'	1.3470 (5)	C3'—H3A'	0.9800
N1'—C4'	1.4167 (5)	C3'—H3B'	0.9800
C2'—C3'	1.5084 (6)	C3'—H3C'	0.9800
C4'—C5'	1.3993 (5)	C5'—H5'	0.9500
C4'—C9'	1.4009 (5)	C6'—H6'	0.9500
C5'—C6'	1.3942 (5)	C7'—H7'	0.9500
C6'—C7'	1.3903 (6)	C8'—H8'	0.9500
C7'—C8'	1.3936 (6)	C9'—H9'	0.9500
C8'—C9'	1.3913 (6)	N1"—H01"	0.807 (10)
S1"—C1"	1.6724 (4)	C2"—H2A"	0.9900
O1"—C1"	1.3241 (5)	C2"—H2B"	0.9900
O1"—C2"	1.4541 (5)	C3"—H3A"	0.9800
N1"—C1"	1.3457 (5)	C3"—H3B"	0.9800
N1"—C4"	1.4179 (5)	C3"—H3C"	0.9800
C2"—C3"	1.5060 (6)	C5"—H5"	0.9500
C4"—C5"	1.3983 (5)	C6"—H6"	0.9500
C4"—C9"	1.3992 (5)	C7"—H7"	0.9500
C5"—C6"	1.3931 (6)	C8"—H8"	0.9500
C6"—C7"	1.3931 (6)	C9"—H9"	0.9500
C7"—C8"	1.3930 (6)

C1—O1—C2	118.52 (3)	C4—C5—H5	120.2
C1—N1—C4	130.50 (3)	C5—C6—H6	119.5
O1—C1—N1	113.77 (3)	C7—C6—H6	119.5
O1—C1—S1	124.40 (3)	C6—C7—H7	120.3
N1—C1—S1	121.82 (3)	C8—C7—H7	120.3
O1—C2—C3	106.45 (3)	C9—C8—H8	119.9
C5—C4—C9	119.68 (3)	C7—C8—H8	119.9
C5—C4—N1	123.82 (3)	C8—C9—H9	119.9
C9—C4—N1	116.39 (3)	C4—C9—H9	119.9
C6—C5—C4	119.60 (3)	C1'—N1'—H01'	116.2 (7)
C5—C6—C7	120.92 (4)	C4'—N1'—H01'	111.9 (7)
C6—C7—C8	119.34 (4)	O1'—C2'—H2A'	110.4
C9—C8—C7	120.29 (4)	C3'—C2'—H2A'	110.4
C8—C9—C4	120.16 (4)	O1'—C2'—H2B'	110.4
C1'—O1'—C2'	118.40 (3)	C3'—C2'—H2B'	110.4
C1'—N1'—C4'	131.60 (3)	H2A'—C2'—H2B'	108.6
O1'—C1'—N1'	114.04 (3)	C2'—C3'—H3A'	109.5
O1'—C1'—S1'	124.18 (3)	C2'—C3'—H3B'	109.5
N1'—C1'—S1'	121.75 (3)	H3A'—C3'—H3B'	109.5
O1'—C2'—C3'	106.84 (3)	C2'—C3'—H3C'	109.5
C5'—C4'—C9'	119.46 (3)	H3A'—C3'—H3C'	109.5
C5'—C4'—N1'	124.96 (3)	H3B'—C3'—H3C'	109.5
C9'—C4'—N1'	115.57 (3)	C6'—C5'—H5'	120.3
C6'—C5'—C4'	119.42 (4)	C4'—C5'—H5'	120.3
C7'—C6'—C5'	121.28 (4)	C7'—C6'—H6'	119.4
C6'—C7'—C8'	119.11 (4)	C5'—C6'—H6'	119.4
C9'—C8'—C7'	120.35 (4)	C6'—C7'—H7'	120.4
C8'—C9'—C4'	120.36 (4)	C8'—C7'—H7'	120.4
C1"—O1"—C2"	119.55 (3)	C9'—C8'—H8'	119.8
C1"—N1"—C4"	128.93 (3)	C7'—C8'—H8'	119.8
O1"—C1"—N1"	112.85 (3)	C8'—C9'—H9'	119.8
O1"—C1"—S1"	124.79 (3)	C4'—C9'—H9'	119.8
N1"—C1"—S1"	122.36 (3)	C1"—N1"—H01"	117.5 (7)
O1"—C2"—C3"	105.63 (3)	C4"—N1"—H01"	112.3 (7)
C5"—C4"—C9"	119.69 (3)	O1"—C2"—H2A"	110.6
C5"—C4"—N1"	123.80 (3)	C3"—C2"—H2A"	110.6
C9"—C4"—N1"	116.42 (3)	O1"—C2"—H2B"	110.6
C6"—C5"—C4"	119.55 (4)	C3"—C2"—H2B"	110.6
C5"—C6"—C7"	120.94 (4)	H2A"—C2"—H2B"	108.7
C8"—C7"—C6"	119.27 (4)	C2"—C3"—H3A"	109.5
C9"—C8"—C7"	120.41 (4)	C2"—C3"—H3B"	109.5
C8"—C9"—C4"	120.15 (4)	H3A"—C3"—H3B"	109.5
C1—N1—H01	115.0 (6)	C2"—C3"—H3C"	109.5
C4—N1—H01	114.4 (6)	H3A"—C3"—H3C"	109.5
O1—C2—H2A	110.4	H3B"—C3"—H3C"	109.5
C3—C2—H2A	110.4	C6"—C5"—H5"	120.2
O1—C2—H2B	110.4	C4"—C5"—H5"	120.2
C3—C2—H2B	110.4	C5"—C6"—H6"	119.5
H2A—C2—H2B	108.6	C7"—C6"—H6"	119.5
C2—C3—H3A	109.5	C8"—C7"—H7"	120.4
C2—C3—H3B	109.5	C6"—C7"—H7"	120.4
H3A—C3—H3B	109.5	C9"—C8"—H8"	119.8
C2—C3—H3C	109.5	C7"—C8"—H8"	119.8
H3A—C3—H3C	109.5	C8"—C9"—H9"	119.9
H3B—C3—H3C	109.5	C4"—C9"—H9"	119.9
C6—C5—H5	120.2

C2—O1—C1—N1	−179.41 (4)	N1'—C4'—C5'—C6'	178.03 (4)
C2—O1—C1—S1	0.53 (5)	C4'—C5'—C6'—C7'	−0.50 (7)
C4—N1—C1—O1	−7.65 (6)	C5'—C6'—C7'—C8'	1.03 (7)
C4—N1—C1—S1	172.42 (3)	C6'—C7'—C8'—C9'	−0.48 (7)
C1—O1—C2—C3	−174.98 (4)	C7'—C8'—C9'—C4'	−0.59 (7)
C1—N1—C4—C5	−24.14 (6)	C5'—C4'—C9'—C8'	1.13 (6)
C1—N1—C4—C9	159.70 (4)	N1'—C4'—C9'—C8'	−177.61 (4)
C9—C4—C5—C6	0.60 (6)	C2"—O1"—C1"—N1"	179.74 (4)
N1—C4—C5—C6	−175.44 (4)	C2"—O1"—C1"—S1"	−0.49 (6)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−0.75 (7)	C4"—N1"—C1"—O1"	−4.65 (6)
C5—C6—C7—C8	0.41 (7)	C4"—N1"—C1"—S1"	175.57 (3)
C6—C7—C8—C9	0.07 (7)	C1"—O1"—C2"—C3"	176.04 (4)
C7—C8—C9—C4	−0.21 (6)	C1"—N1"—C4"—C5"	36.50 (7)
C5—C4—C9—C8	−0.13 (6)	C1"—N1"—C4"—C9"	−146.97 (4)
N1—C4—C9—C8	176.20 (4)	C9"—C4"—C5"—C6"	0.83 (6)
C2'—O1'—C1'—N1'	−173.55 (3)	N1"—C4"—C5"—C6"	177.25 (4)
C2'—O1'—C1'—S1'	8.55 (5)	C4"—C5"—C6"—C7"	−0.20 (7)
C4'—N1'—C1'—O1'	−1.46 (6)	C5"—C6"—C7"—C8"	−0.65 (7)
C4'—N1'—C1'—S1'	176.50 (3)	C6"—C7"—C8"—C9"	0.85 (7)
C1'—O1'—C2'—C3'	−178.03 (3)	C7"—C8"—C9"—C4"	−0.22 (6)
C1'—N1'—C4'—C5'	16.53 (7)	C5"—C4"—C9"—C8"	−0.63 (6)
C1'—N1'—C4'—C9'	−164.81 (4)	N1"—C4"—C9"—C8"	−177.31 (4)
C9'—C4'—C5'—C6'	−0.58 (6)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H01···S1ⁱ	0.864 (9)	2.533 (10)	3.3867 (3)	169.5 (9)
N1′—H01′···S1"	0.860 (10)	2.538 (10)	3.3766 (4)	165.0 (9)
N1"—H01"···S1′	0.807 (10)	2.573 (10)	3.3668 (4)	167.7 (10)
C5—H5···O1	0.95	2.31	2.8306 (5)	114
C5′—H5′···O1′	0.95	2.25	2.8136 (5)	118
C5"—H5"···O1"	0.95	2.34	2.7983 (5)	109
C9—H9···S1ⁱ	0.95	3.02	3.7264 (4)	132
C9—H9···S1′ⁱⁱ	0.95	3.03	3.7860 (4)	138
C9′—H9′···S1"	0.95	2.92	3.6080 (4)	130
C9"—H9"···S1′	0.95	2.98	3.6864 (4)	132
C2′—H2A′···S1ⁱⁱⁱ	0.99	2.92	3.6862 (4)	135

Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y, −z+1; (ii) x−1, y−1, z; (iii) x+1, y+1, z.

N-Phenylethoxycarbothioamide (2_NoSpherA2) top

Crystal data top

C₉H₁₁NOS	Z = 6
M_r = 181.26	F(000) = 577.042
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.324 Mg m⁻³
a = 9.6661 (2) Å	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 11.7465 (3) Å	Cell parameters from 132444 reflections
c = 12.1224 (2) Å	θ = 2.1–53.9°
α = 88.8230 (18)°	µ = 0.31 mm⁻¹
β = 84.8866 (16)°	T = 100 K
γ = 84.2903 (18)°	Tablet, colourless
V = 1364.03 (5) Å³	0.2 × 0.2 × 0.1 mm

Data collection top

Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy diffractometer	33252 independent reflections
Radiation source: micro-focus sealed X-ray tube, PhotonJet (Mo) X-ray Source	23960 reflections with I ≥ 2u(I)
Mirror monochromator	R_int = 0.053
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 53.9°, θ_min = 2.1°
ω scans	h = −21→21
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2024)	k = −26→26
T_min = 0.220, T_max = 1.000	l = −27→26
317871 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	0 constraints
Least-squares matrix: full	Primary atom site location: dual
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.024	All H-atom parameters refined
wR(F²) = 0.044	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.P)² + 0.0339P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 0.99	(Δ/σ)_max = −0.0001
33252 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.38 e Å⁻³
622 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.29 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
S1	0.216017 (6)	0.026041 (5)	0.505639 (5)	0.014724 (10)
O1	0.329751 (16)	−0.063505 (16)	0.315626 (14)	0.01510 (3)
N1	0.098316 (19)	−0.068113 (17)	0.346197 (16)	0.01372 (3)
H1	0.0149 (5)	−0.0548 (4)	0.4005 (4)	0.0283 (11)
C1	0.21650 (2)	−0.037877 (18)	0.383661 (18)	0.01218 (3)
C2	0.46384 (2)	−0.03566 (2)	0.34821 (2)	0.01604 (3)
H2a	0.4548 (5)	0.0547 (4)	0.3687 (4)	0.0322 (11)
H2b	0.4853 (5)	−0.0845 (4)	0.4220 (4)	0.0330 (11)
C3	0.56945 (3)	−0.06465 (3)	0.25119 (2)	0.02058 (4)
H3a	0.5426 (5)	−0.0133 (5)	0.1790 (4)	0.0432 (14)
H3b	0.6697 (5)	−0.0448 (5)	0.2713 (4)	0.0394 (13)
H3c	0.5752 (5)	−0.1540 (5)	0.2315 (5)	0.0454 (15)
C4	0.07420 (2)	−0.111266 (17)	0.242003 (17)	0.01188 (3)
C5	0.15691 (2)	−0.09293 (2)	0.143859 (19)	0.01450 (3)
H5	0.2478 (5)	−0.0472 (4)	0.1448 (4)	0.0291 (11)
C6	0.11895 (2)	−0.13188 (2)	0.04406 (2)	0.01683 (4)
H6	0.1828 (5)	−0.1149 (4)	−0.0310 (4)	0.0348 (12)
C7	0.00044 (2)	−0.18973 (2)	0.04081 (2)	0.01704 (4)
H7	−0.0282 (5)	−0.2192 (4)	−0.0370 (4)	0.0301 (11)
C8	−0.08152 (2)	−0.20827 (2)	0.13887 (2)	0.01631 (3)
H8	−0.1725 (5)	−0.2540 (4)	0.1381 (4)	0.0351 (12)
C9	−0.04521 (2)	−0.169194 (19)	0.239039 (19)	0.01429 (3)
H9	−0.1065 (5)	−0.1845 (4)	0.3150 (4)	0.0297 (11)
S1'	0.902876 (6)	0.653483 (5)	0.501090 (5)	0.015900 (10)
O1'	0.936166 (17)	0.755641 (15)	0.688718 (14)	0.01439 (3)
N1'	0.720080 (19)	0.707978 (17)	0.671594 (16)	0.01374 (3)
H1'	0.6537 (5)	0.6782 (4)	0.6213 (4)	0.0262 (11)
C1'	0.85200 (2)	0.709631 (18)	0.625636 (18)	0.01230 (3)
C2'	1.07710 (2)	0.77285 (2)	0.64242 (2)	0.01489 (3)
H2'a	1.1288 (5)	0.6915 (4)	0.6129 (4)	0.0282 (11)
H2'b	1.0685 (5)	0.8306 (4)	0.5723 (4)	0.0303 (11)
C3'	1.14965 (3)	0.82191 (2)	0.73304 (2)	0.01742 (4)
H3'a	1.1579 (5)	0.7615 (4)	0.8011 (4)	0.0349 (12)
H3'b	1.2526 (5)	0.8379 (5)	0.7004 (4)	0.0405 (13)
H3'c	1.0951 (5)	0.9022 (4)	0.7620 (4)	0.0380 (13)
C4'	0.65614 (2)	0.744510 (18)	0.776140 (18)	0.01226 (3)
C5'	0.71131 (2)	0.81744 (2)	0.846875 (19)	0.01501 (3)
H5'	0.8100 (5)	0.8494 (4)	0.8251 (4)	0.0311 (12)
C6'	0.63565 (2)	0.84993 (2)	0.94658 (2)	0.01671 (4)
H6'	0.6792 (5)	0.9055 (4)	1.0012 (4)	0.0340 (12)
C7'	0.50562 (2)	0.81180 (2)	0.97673 (2)	0.01677 (4)
H7'	0.4470 (5)	0.8377 (4)	1.0540 (4)	0.0292 (11)
C8'	0.45146 (2)	0.73839 (2)	0.90644 (2)	0.01689 (4)
H8'	0.3521 (5)	0.7059 (4)	0.9292 (4)	0.0360 (12)
C9'	0.52607 (2)	0.70441 (2)	0.80715 (2)	0.01524 (3)
H9'	0.4845 (5)	0.6463 (4)	0.7539 (4)	0.0320 (12)
S1"	0.446304 (6)	0.674946 (6)	0.524679 (5)	0.017971 (11)
O1"	0.409267 (17)	0.602406 (16)	0.324206 (15)	0.01618 (3)
N1"	0.63052 (2)	0.613529 (18)	0.356296 (17)	0.01490 (3)
H1"	0.7001 (5)	0.6267 (4)	0.4120 (4)	0.0260 (11)
C1"	0.49575 (2)	0.628160 (19)	0.396260 (18)	0.01345 (3)
C2"	0.26009 (2)	0.61325 (2)	0.35498 (2)	0.01674 (4)
H2"a	0.2386 (5)	0.5536 (4)	0.4220 (4)	0.0358 (12)
H2"b	0.2279 (4)	0.6998 (4)	0.3834 (4)	0.0317 (12)
C3"	0.19332 (3)	0.58572 (2)	0.25225 (2)	0.01924 (4)
H3"a	0.2155 (6)	0.6467 (4)	0.1870 (4)	0.0398 (13)
H3"b	0.2313 (6)	0.5003 (4)	0.2241 (5)	0.0431 (14)
H3"c	0.0815 (5)	0.5910 (5)	0.2708 (5)	0.0452 (14)
C4"	0.68891 (2)	0.568123 (18)	0.253160 (18)	0.01281 (3)
C5"	0.62586 (2)	0.58657 (2)	0.154044 (19)	0.01576 (3)
H5"	0.5265 (5)	0.6354 (4)	0.1530 (4)	0.0320 (11)
C6"	0.69442 (3)	0.54223 (2)	0.05576 (2)	0.01745 (4)
H6"	0.6457 (5)	0.5567 (4)	−0.0192 (4)	0.0357 (12)
C7"	0.82520 (3)	0.48036 (2)	0.05490 (2)	0.01722 (4)
H7"	0.8781 (5)	0.4462 (4)	−0.0199 (4)	0.0349 (12)
C8"	0.88845 (2)	0.46367 (2)	0.15363 (2)	0.01641 (3)
H8"	0.9899 (5)	0.4166 (4)	0.1548 (4)	0.0317 (11)
C9"	0.82093 (2)	0.507047 (19)	0.25234 (2)	0.01456 (3)
H9"	0.8688 (4)	0.4940 (4)	0.3288 (4)	0.0284 (11)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
S1	0.012819 (19)	0.01994 (2)	0.01172 (2)	−0.002974 (16)	−0.000195 (15)	−0.004706 (16)
O1	0.01053 (5)	0.02264 (7)	0.01233 (6)	−0.00200 (5)	−0.00070 (4)	−0.00469 (5)
N1	0.01080 (6)	0.01929 (7)	0.01128 (6)	−0.00270 (5)	0.00000 (5)	−0.00376 (5)
H1	0.027 (3)	0.036 (3)	0.024 (3)	−0.008 (2)	−0.006 (2)	0.000 (2)
C1	0.01098 (6)	0.01512 (7)	0.01060 (7)	−0.00173 (5)	−0.00086 (5)	−0.00217 (5)
C2	0.01119 (7)	0.02383 (10)	0.01343 (8)	−0.00246 (6)	−0.00132 (6)	−0.00331 (7)
H2a	0.022 (2)	0.035 (3)	0.039 (3)	−0.002 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.009 (2)
H2b	0.024 (3)	0.049 (3)	0.028 (3)	−0.008 (2)	−0.005 (2)	0.001 (2)
C3	0.01170 (8)	0.03289 (12)	0.01697 (10)	−0.00176 (8)	0.00035 (7)	−0.00500 (9)
H3a	0.038 (3)	0.063 (4)	0.025 (3)	0.005 (3)	0.001 (2)	0.005 (3)
H3b	0.016 (2)	0.064 (4)	0.039 (3)	−0.005 (2)	−0.005 (2)	−0.012 (3)
H3c	0.034 (3)	0.048 (3)	0.051 (4)	−0.003 (3)	0.010 (3)	−0.013 (3)
C4	0.01020 (6)	0.01453 (7)	0.01106 (7)	−0.00180 (5)	−0.00062 (5)	−0.00209 (5)
C5	0.01274 (7)	0.01994 (8)	0.01129 (7)	−0.00464 (6)	0.00029 (6)	−0.00287 (6)
H5	0.024 (3)	0.044 (3)	0.021 (3)	−0.014 (2)	0.000 (2)	−0.007 (2)
C6	0.01491 (8)	0.02476 (10)	0.01131 (8)	−0.00420 (7)	−0.00053 (6)	−0.00364 (7)
H6	0.035 (3)	0.051 (3)	0.019 (3)	−0.015 (2)	0.003 (2)	−0.004 (2)
C7	0.01509 (8)	0.02300 (9)	0.01385 (8)	−0.00334 (7)	−0.00306 (6)	−0.00475 (7)
H7	0.027 (3)	0.042 (3)	0.021 (3)	−0.010 (2)	0.001 (2)	−0.007 (2)
C8	0.01370 (7)	0.02034 (9)	0.01592 (9)	−0.00484 (6)	−0.00292 (6)	−0.00288 (7)
H8	0.031 (3)	0.047 (3)	0.029 (3)	−0.016 (2)	−0.003 (2)	−0.009 (2)
C9	0.01185 (7)	0.01811 (8)	0.01342 (8)	−0.00401 (6)	−0.00080 (6)	−0.00150 (6)
H9	0.026 (3)	0.043 (3)	0.022 (3)	−0.012 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.003 (2)
S1'	0.01313 (2)	0.02140 (2)	0.01333 (2)	−0.002523 (16)	0.000181 (16)	−0.005704 (17)
O1'	0.01148 (5)	0.02070 (7)	0.01140 (6)	−0.00327 (5)	−0.00087 (4)	−0.00227 (5)
N1'	0.01121 (6)	0.01872 (7)	0.01166 (7)	−0.00307 (5)	−0.00067 (5)	−0.00279 (5)
H1'	0.018 (2)	0.038 (3)	0.024 (3)	−0.007 (2)	−0.002 (2)	−0.009 (2)
C1'	0.01109 (6)	0.01491 (7)	0.01098 (7)	−0.00171 (5)	−0.00071 (5)	−0.00121 (5)
C2'	0.01215 (7)	0.01961 (9)	0.01329 (8)	−0.00334 (6)	−0.00103 (6)	−0.00082 (6)
H2'a	0.023 (2)	0.031 (3)	0.032 (3)	−0.006 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.004 (2)
H2'b	0.029 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.014 (2)	−0.005 (2)	0.006 (2)
C3'	0.01456 (8)	0.02131 (9)	0.01741 (9)	−0.00420 (7)	−0.00405 (7)	−0.00100 (7)
H3'a	0.041 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.029 (3)	−0.015 (2)	−0.013 (2)	0.008 (2)
H3'b	0.025 (3)	0.055 (3)	0.043 (3)	−0.014 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.014 (3)
H3'c	0.040 (3)	0.035 (3)	0.039 (3)	0.003 (2)	−0.010 (3)	−0.012 (2)
C4'	0.01084 (6)	0.01515 (7)	0.01097 (7)	−0.00190 (5)	−0.00112 (5)	−0.00081 (6)
C5'	0.01302 (7)	0.01901 (8)	0.01336 (8)	−0.00364 (6)	0.00001 (6)	−0.00400 (6)
H5'	0.023 (2)	0.038 (3)	0.034 (3)	−0.013 (2)	0.006 (2)	−0.010 (2)
C6'	0.01504 (8)	0.02165 (9)	0.01359 (8)	−0.00294 (7)	0.00022 (6)	−0.00489 (7)
H6'	0.027 (3)	0.050 (3)	0.025 (3)	−0.008 (2)	0.004 (2)	−0.013 (2)
C7'	0.01444 (8)	0.02257 (9)	0.01290 (8)	−0.00144 (7)	0.00100 (6)	−0.00224 (7)
H7'	0.023 (3)	0.046 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.006 (2)	0.0021 (19)	−0.008 (2)
C8'	0.01291 (7)	0.02387 (9)	0.01402 (8)	−0.00417 (7)	0.00098 (6)	−0.00114 (7)
H8'	0.032 (3)	0.044 (3)	0.034 (3)	−0.013 (2)	0.004 (2)	−0.009 (2)
C9'	0.01263 (7)	0.02050 (9)	0.01314 (8)	−0.00472 (6)	−0.00035 (6)	−0.00169 (6)
H9'	0.030 (3)	0.042 (3)	0.026 (3)	−0.020 (2)	0.008 (2)	−0.006 (2)
S1"	0.01369 (2)	0.02754 (3)	0.01273 (2)	−0.001556 (18)	−0.000653 (16)	−0.005781 (19)
O1"	0.01104 (5)	0.02497 (8)	0.01282 (6)	−0.00220 (5)	−0.00132 (5)	−0.00381 (5)
N1"	0.01096 (6)	0.02230 (8)	0.01175 (7)	−0.00225 (5)	−0.00139 (5)	−0.00255 (6)
H1"	0.022 (3)	0.038 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.005 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.003 (2)
C1"	0.01119 (7)	0.01785 (8)	0.01142 (7)	−0.00159 (6)	−0.00105 (5)	−0.00164 (6)
C2"	0.01157 (7)	0.02280 (10)	0.01605 (9)	−0.00204 (6)	−0.00145 (6)	−0.00243 (7)
H2"a	0.027 (3)	0.050 (3)	0.031 (3)	−0.009 (2)	−0.002 (2)	−0.003 (2)
H2"b	0.018 (2)	0.039 (3)	0.039 (3)	−0.001 (2)	−0.006 (2)	−0.012 (2)
C3"	0.01481 (8)	0.02212 (10)	0.02169 (11)	−0.00117 (7)	−0.00645 (7)	−0.00341 (8)
H3"a	0.053 (4)	0.038 (3)	0.031 (3)	−0.010 (3)	−0.012 (3)	0.004 (2)
H3"b	0.050 (4)	0.035 (3)	0.046 (4)	0.001 (3)	−0.014 (3)	−0.010 (3)
H3"c	0.021 (3)	0.071 (4)	0.045 (4)	0.000 (3)	−0.013 (2)	−0.010 (3)
C4"	0.01102 (6)	0.01641 (7)	0.01123 (7)	−0.00240 (5)	−0.00097 (5)	−0.00050 (6)
C5"	0.01307 (7)	0.02251 (9)	0.01152 (8)	−0.00056 (6)	−0.00145 (6)	0.00027 (7)
H5"	0.026 (3)	0.049 (3)	0.018 (3)	0.008 (2)	−0.004 (2)	0.002 (2)
C6"	0.01589 (8)	0.02515 (10)	0.01137 (8)	−0.00200 (7)	−0.00131 (6)	−0.00086 (7)
H6"	0.029 (3)	0.052 (3)	0.025 (3)	0.002 (2)	−0.001 (2)	0.000 (2)
C7"	0.01609 (8)	0.02174 (9)	0.01370 (8)	−0.00240 (7)	0.00069 (7)	−0.00322 (7)
H7"	0.035 (3)	0.050 (3)	0.019 (3)	0.000 (2)	0.000 (2)	−0.007 (2)
C8"	0.01392 (8)	0.01871 (8)	0.01626 (9)	−0.00026 (6)	−0.00047 (6)	−0.00255 (7)
H8"	0.029 (3)	0.040 (3)	0.025 (3)	0.007 (2)	−0.002 (2)	−0.009 (2)
C9"	0.01266 (7)	0.01762 (8)	0.01346 (8)	−0.00099 (6)	−0.00187 (6)	−0.00089 (6)
H9"	0.024 (3)	0.036 (3)	0.024 (3)	0.002 (2)	0.000 (2)	−0.004 (2)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

S1—C1	1.6715 (2)	C4'—C5'	1.3987 (3)
O1—C1	1.3239 (3)	C4'—C9'	1.4036 (3)
O1—C2	1.4573 (3)	C5'—H5'	1.070 (4)
N1—H1	0.996 (5)	C5'—C6'	1.3954 (3)
N1—C1	1.3481 (3)	C6'—H6'	1.079 (5)
N1—C4	1.4174 (3)	C6'—C7'	1.3919 (3)
C2—H2a	1.088 (4)	C7'—H7'	1.084 (4)
C2—H2b	1.077 (5)	C7'—C8'	1.3940 (3)
C2—C3	1.5082 (3)	C8'—H8'	1.079 (4)
C3—H3a	1.088 (5)	C8'—C9'	1.3913 (3)
C3—H3b	1.069 (4)	C9'—H9'	1.078 (4)
C3—H3c	1.076 (5)	S1"—C1"	1.6746 (2)
C4—C5	1.3983 (3)	O1"—C1"	1.3209 (3)
C4—C9	1.4005 (3)	O1"—C2"	1.4506 (3)
C5—H5	1.075 (4)	N1"—H1"	1.019 (5)
C5—C6	1.3939 (3)	N1"—C1"	1.3444 (3)
C6—H6	1.080 (4)	N1"—C4"	1.4170 (3)
C6—C7	1.3927 (3)	C2"—H2"a	1.082 (5)
C7—H7	1.080 (4)	C2"—H2"b	1.087 (4)
C7—C8	1.3943 (4)	C2"—C3"	1.5077 (4)
C8—H8	1.076 (4)	C3"—H3"a	1.078 (5)
C8—C9	1.3925 (3)	C3"—H3"b	1.084 (5)
C9—H9	1.072 (4)	C3"—H3"c	1.080 (5)
S1'—C1'	1.6734 (2)	C4"—C5"	1.3984 (3)
O1'—C1'	1.3244 (3)	C4"—C9"	1.3996 (3)
O1'—C2'	1.4579 (3)	C5"—H5"	1.070 (4)
N1'—H1'	1.014 (5)	C5"—C6"	1.3950 (3)
N1'—C1'	1.3471 (3)	C6"—H6"	1.063 (5)
N1'—C4'	1.4150 (3)	C6"—C7"	1.3934 (4)
C2'—H2'a	1.085 (4)	C7"—H7"	1.066 (4)
C2'—H2'b	1.080 (4)	C7"—C8"	1.3935 (4)
C2'—C3'	1.5082 (3)	C8"—H8"	1.078 (4)
C3'—H3'a	1.081 (5)	C8"—C9"	1.3918 (3)
C3'—H3'b	1.071 (5)	C9"—H9"	1.074 (5)
C3'—H3'c	1.083 (4)

C2—O1—C1	118.704 (17)	C5'—C4'—N1'	125.087 (19)
C1—N1—H1	113.6 (3)	C9'—C4'—N1'	115.500 (19)
C4—N1—H1	116.0 (3)	C9'—C4'—C5'	119.399 (19)
C4—N1—C1	130.377 (18)	H5'—C5'—C4'	120.9 (2)
O1—C1—S1	124.268 (16)	C6'—C5'—C4'	119.49 (2)
N1—C1—S1	121.763 (15)	C6'—C5'—H5'	119.6 (2)
N1—C1—O1	113.969 (18)	H6'—C6'—C5'	119.1 (2)
H2a—C2—O1	108.4 (2)	C7'—C6'—C5'	121.25 (2)
H2b—C2—O1	107.8 (2)	C7'—C6'—H6'	119.6 (2)
H2b—C2—H2a	108.1 (4)	H7'—C7'—C6'	121.0 (2)
C3—C2—O1	106.546 (19)	C8'—C7'—C6'	119.10 (2)
C3—C2—H2a	112.5 (2)	C8'—C7'—H7'	119.9 (2)
C3—C2—H2b	113.3 (2)	H8'—C8'—C7'	120.3 (3)
H3a—C3—C2	110.2 (3)	C9'—C8'—C7'	120.37 (2)
H3b—C3—C2	109.1 (3)	C9'—C8'—H8'	119.3 (3)
H3b—C3—H3a	107.7 (4)	C8'—C9'—C4'	120.38 (2)
H3c—C3—C2	111.1 (3)	H9'—C9'—C4'	119.6 (2)
H3c—C3—H3a	109.5 (4)	H9'—C9'—C8'	120.0 (2)
H3c—C3—H3b	109.0 (4)	C2"—O1"—C1"	119.854 (18)
C5—C4—N1	123.831 (19)	C1"—N1"—H1"	114.9 (3)
C9—C4—N1	116.383 (18)	C4"—N1"—H1"	115.7 (3)
C9—C4—C5	119.66 (2)	C4"—N1"—C1"	128.813 (19)
H5—C5—C4	120.4 (2)	O1"—C1"—S1"	124.602 (16)
C6—C5—C4	119.57 (2)	N1"—C1"—S1"	122.254 (17)
C6—C5—H5	120.0 (2)	N1"—C1"—O1"	113.144 (19)
H6—C6—C5	118.3 (3)	H2"a—C2"—O1"	108.4 (2)
C7—C6—C5	120.93 (2)	H2"b—C2"—O1"	108.9 (2)
C7—C6—H6	120.7 (3)	H2"b—C2"—H2"a	109.1 (4)
H7—C7—C6	120.3 (2)	C3"—C2"—O1"	105.814 (19)
C8—C7—C6	119.36 (2)	C3"—C2"—H2"a	112.0 (3)
C8—C7—H7	120.3 (2)	C3"—C2"—H2"b	112.4 (3)
H8—C8—C7	120.3 (3)	H3"a—C3"—C2"	110.5 (3)
C9—C8—C7	120.28 (2)	H3"b—C3"—C2"	110.5 (3)
C9—C8—H8	119.4 (3)	H3"b—C3"—H3"a	109.3 (4)
C8—C9—C4	120.19 (2)	H3"c—C3"—C2"	109.1 (3)
H9—C9—C4	119.0 (2)	H3"c—C3"—H3"a	107.9 (4)
H9—C9—C8	120.7 (2)	H3"c—C3"—H3"b	109.5 (4)
C2'—O1'—C1'	118.691 (17)	C5"—C4"—N1"	123.79 (2)
C1'—N1'—H1'	114.4 (3)	C9"—C4"—N1"	116.44 (2)
C4'—N1'—H1'	114.1 (3)	C9"—C4"—C5"	119.66 (2)
C4'—N1'—C1'	131.471 (19)	H5"—C5"—C4"	120.5 (2)
O1'—C1'—S1'	124.049 (16)	C6"—C5"—C4"	119.54 (2)
N1'—C1'—S1'	121.673 (16)	C6"—C5"—H5"	119.9 (2)
N1'—C1'—O1'	114.246 (18)	H6"—C6"—C5"	119.0 (2)
H2'a—C2'—O1'	108.8 (2)	C7"—C6"—C5"	120.91 (2)
H2'b—C2'—O1'	107.8 (2)	C7"—C6"—H6"	120.1 (2)
H2'b—C2'—H2'a	108.3 (4)	H7"—C7"—C6"	121.3 (3)
C3'—C2'—O1'	107.021 (18)	C8"—C7"—C6"	119.31 (2)
C3'—C2'—H2'a	112.7 (2)	C8"—C7"—H7"	119.4 (3)
C3'—C2'—H2'b	112.1 (2)	H8"—C8"—C7"	120.5 (2)
H3'a—C3'—C2'	110.2 (3)	C9"—C8"—C7"	120.36 (2)
H3'b—C3'—C2'	108.5 (3)	C9"—C8"—H8"	119.1 (2)
H3'b—C3'—H3'a	108.6 (4)	C8"—C9"—C4"	120.21 (2)
H3'c—C3'—C2'	111.2 (3)	H9"—C9"—C4"	119.1 (2)
H3'c—C3'—H3'a	110.1 (4)	H9"—C9"—C8"	120.7 (2)
H3'c—C3'—H3'b	108.1 (4)

S1—C1—O1—C2	0.52 (2)	C1'—N1'—C4'—C9'	−164.83 (3)
S1—C1—N1—C4	172.539 (16)	C4'—C5'—C6'—C7'	−0.48 (3)
O1—C1—N1—C4	−7.51 (3)	C4'—C9'—C8'—C7'	−0.59 (3)
N1—C1—O1—C2	−179.43 (2)	C5'—C4'—C9'—C8'	1.10 (3)
N1—C4—C5—C6	−175.40 (2)	C5'—C6'—C7'—C8'	0.99 (3)
N1—C4—C9—C8	176.08 (2)	C6'—C5'—C4'—C9'	−0.56 (3)
C1—O1—C2—C3	−175.01 (2)	C6'—C7'—C8'—C9'	−0.45 (3)
C1—N1—C4—C5	−24.37 (3)	S1"—C1"—O1"—C2"	−0.48 (3)
C1—N1—C4—C9	159.68 (3)	S1"—C1"—N1"—C4"	175.539 (17)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−0.57 (3)	O1"—C1"—N1"—C4"	−4.68 (3)
C4—C9—C8—C7	−0.19 (3)	N1"—C1"—O1"—C2"	179.75 (2)
C5—C4—C9—C8	−0.05 (3)	N1"—C4"—C5"—C6"	177.28 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C8	0.33 (3)	N1"—C4"—C9"—C8"	−177.29 (2)
C6—C5—C4—C9	0.43 (3)	C1"—O1"—C2"—C3"	176.02 (2)
C6—C7—C8—C9	0.06 (3)	C1"—N1"—C4"—C5"	36.62 (3)
S1'—C1'—O1'—C2'	8.49 (2)	C1"—N1"—C4"—C9"	−147.02 (3)
S1'—C1'—N1'—C4'	176.533 (16)	C4"—C5"—C6"—C7"	−0.36 (3)
O1'—C1'—N1'—C4'	−1.49 (3)	C4"—C9"—C8"—C7"	−0.17 (3)
N1'—C1'—O1'—C2'	−173.540 (19)	C5"—C4"—C9"—C8"	−0.77 (3)
N1'—C4'—C5'—C6'	178.02 (2)	C5"—C6"—C7"—C8"	−0.58 (3)
N1'—C4'—C9'—C8'	−177.62 (2)	C6"—C5"—C4"—C9"	1.03 (3)
C1'—O1'—C2'—C3'	−178.01 (2)	C6"—C7"—C8"—C9"	0.84 (3)
C1'—N1'—C4'—C5'	16.53 (3)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1···S1ⁱ	0.996 (5)	2.409 (5)	3.3863 (2)	166.6 (4)
N1′—H1′···S1"	1.014 (5)	2.415 (5)	3.3761 (2)	158.0 (4)
N1"—H1"···S1′	1.019 (5)	2.371 (5)	3.3668 (2)	165.4 (4)
C2—H2b···S1ⁱⁱ	1.077 (5)	3.232 (4)	3.7125 (2)	108.2 (3)
C5—H5···O1	1.075 (4)	2.280 (5)	2.8304 (3)	109.7 (3)
C5′—H5′···O1′	1.070 (4)	2.209 (4)	2.8155 (3)	113.7 (3)
C5"—H5"···O1"	1.070 (4)	2.319 (4)	2.8002 (3)	105.4 (3)
C9—H9···S1ⁱ	1.072 (4)	2.946 (4)	3.7261 (2)	130.0 (3)
C9—H9···S1′ⁱⁱⁱ	1.072 (4)	2.922 (5)	3.7860 (3)	137.8 (3)
C9′—H9′···S1"	1.078 (4)	2.844 (5)	3.6073 (3)	127.8 (3)
C9"—H9"···S1′	1.074 (5)	2.896 (4)	3.6864 (2)	130.6 (3)
C9"—H9"···O1′^iv	1.074 (5)	3.324 (4)	3.7831 (3)	107.2 (3)
C2′—H2′a···S1"^v	1.085 (4)	3.148 (4)	3.7998 (2)	119.4 (3)
C2′—H2′b···S1^vi	1.080 (4)	2.886 (4)	3.6869 (3)	131.1 (3)
C2′—H2′b···N1^vii	1.080 (4)	3.208 (5)	3.7056 (3)	109.1 (3)
C3′—H3′b···S1^vi	1.071 (5)	3.219 (6)	3.6714 (3)	106.6 (3)
C3′—H3′c···N1^vii	1.083 (4)	2.936 (5)	3.7347 (3)	130.8 (3)
C2"—H2"a···N1′^vii	1.082 (5)	3.272 (5)	3.7780 (3)	109.8 (3)
C3"—H3"b···N1′^vii	1.084 (5)	2.749 (5)	3.5899 (4)	134.2 (4)
C8"—H8"···O1′^iv	1.078 (4)	2.828 (5)	3.5593 (3)	125.1 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y, −z+1; (iii) x−1, y−1, z; (iv) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (v) x+1, y, z; (vi) x+1, y+1, z; (vii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1.

Structure determinations of 1 and 2 and their unit-cell constants top

For all structures, the space group is P1 and Z = 6.

Compound/refcode	Reference	T (K)	a (Å)	b (Å)	c (Å)	α (°)	β (°)	γ(°)	V (Å³)
1/NOQTUK	Singh et al. (2015)	293	9.7037 (8)	12.0974 (10)	12.2300 (10)	89.337 (7)	84.504 (7)	85.224 (7)	1424.1 (2)
2/PINPIL	Taylor & Tiekink (1994)	295	11.972 (4)	12.114 (1)	9.607 (2)	95.52 (1)	94.80 (3)	89.34 (2)	1382.0
2/PINPIL01	Nieger et al. (2019)	123	9.6664 (3)	11.7827 (3)	12.1319 (3)	88.829 (1)	84.823 (1)	84.368 (1)	1369.41 (6)
2/PINPIL02^a	Alsayari et al. (2021)	293	9.6587 (4)	11.7585 (5)	12.1212 (5)	88.807 (2)	84.858 (2)	84.314 (2)	1364.24 (10)
2	This work	100	9.6661 (2)	11.7465 (3)	12.1224 (2)	88.8230 (18)	84.8866 (16)	84.2903 (18)	1364.03 (5)

Note: (a) the unit-cell constants for PINPIL02 and title structure 2 are closely similar, despite the recorded temperature of PINPIL02 being given as 293 K in the CCDC.

The worst `disagreeable reflections' for compound 2 (IAM refinement) top

h	k	l	Error/e.s.d.	Error/e.s.d. for data cut to 0.84 Å	F_c/F_c(max)	Resolution (Å)
5	1	1	18.62	6.67	0.009	1.92
-5	2	4	17.26	5.52	0.006	1.48
3	5	4	14.99	5.80	0.006	1.71
5	-2	2	13.79	5.33	0.002	1.74
-3	3	9	12.83	3.60	0.001	1.14
5	3	1	11.56	5.78	0.017	1.79
-3	5	0	10.88	3.91	0.009	1.80
5	4	5	10.54	4.37	0.021	1.44
-5	-1	5	10.45	4.90	0.022	1.44
3	5	1	10.33	5.15	0.026	1.98

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Dr Mathias Meyer and Dr Christian Schürmann (Rigaku OD), Professor Dr Florian Kleemiss (RWTH Aachen University, Germany) and Dr Horst Puschmann (University of Durham, UK) for helpful discussions. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

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STRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY

ISSN: 2053-2296

Volume 81| Part 8| August 2025| Pages 455-461

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229625005959

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research papers\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Good data with `bad' reflections: the employment of non-spherical scattering factors in the redetermination of the structure of O-ethyl N-phenyl­carbamate

1. Introduction

2. Experimental

2.1. Synthesis and crystallization

2.2. Refinement

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Structural commentary

3.2. Supra­molecular features

3.3. Database survey

4. Use of non-spherical scattering factors

Supporting information

Acknowledgements

References

research papers

Good data with `bad' reflections: the employment of non-spherical scattering factors in the redetermination of the structure of O-ethyl N-phenylcarbamate

3.2. Supramolecular features