Figure 1
The measured structure factor Fm(y) is the sum of the unknown structure factor corresponding to the lattice signal Fl(y) and the unknown structure factor corresponding to the noise Fn(y). On average, Fl(y) and Fn(y) are uncorrelated; hence, the expected absolute phase difference between them is π/2. We can only infer the absolute values of the expected structure factors. We cannot infer their phases because there are two equally valid solutions mirrored over Fm(y). The best estimate for Fl(y) is denoted by Fl,b(y). It can be calculated by projecting 〈Fl(y)〉 onto Fm(y). |