Figure 1
(a) Density ρ (g ml−1) versus CPA concentration [%(w/w)] near room temperature. Data for methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol (Herráez & Belda, 2006), glycerol (Bosart & Snoddy, 1928; Cristancho et al., 2011), ethylene glycol and PEG 200 (Rahbari-Sisakht et al., 2003; Muller & Rasmussen, 1991), and PPG 425 (Zafarani-Moattar & Salabat, 1998) were obtained from the cited literature. Data were measured at T = 298 K except for those for PEG 200, which were measured at 313 K. The solid lines are fourth-order polynomial fits with the coefficients given in Table 1. (b) Electron density (e− Å−3) calculated from the densities in (a), equation (1) and Table 3. (c) Normalized forward scattering from protein versus CPA concentration, calculated using (2). The corresponding results for nucleic acids are shown in Supplementary Fig. S2(a). (d) Excess specific volume vE versus CPA concentration, calculated using (3) and (4) from the densities in (a). |