organic compounds
2,6-Bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene
aDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman, bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, England, and cCCLRC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, England
*Correspondence e-mail: p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk
The title compound, C18H20S3Si2, is a precursor in the formation of platinum and gold di-yne complexes and poly-yne polymers. These materials are of interest because of the π-conjugation that extends through the fused oligothienyl linker unit along the rigid backbone of the polymer. In the structure of the title compound, the oligothienyl group is planar and the trimethylsilylalkyne groups are essentially linear.
Comment
The title compound, 2,6-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene, (I), is a trimethylsilyl-protected di-yne. It is a precursor in the formation of the following series of compounds: the terminal di-yne, H—C≡C—R—C≡C—H, the dinuclear platinum(II) di-yne, [(Ph)(PEt3)2Pt—C≡C—R—C≡C—Pt(PEt3)2(Ph)], and the platinum(II) poly-yne, trans-[(nBu3P)2Pt—C≡C—R—C≡C—]∞ (R = thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl). Rigid-rod platinum(II) poly-ynes with the general formula trans-[(nBu3P)2Pt—C≡C—R—C≡C—]∞ (R = conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic linker group) are considered to be good model systems to study the triplet in polymers and provide important information on the that occur within them (Khan, Al-Mandhary, Al-Suti, Hisham et al., 2002; Khan, Al-Mandhary, Al-Suti, Feeder et al., 2002; Khan et al., 2003). The incorporation of heavy transition metals, such as platinum, at regular intervals along the rigid polymer backbone introduces a large component of that allows emission from the triplet of the system via spin cross-over processes (Wittmann et al., 1994; Beljonne et al., 1996; Younus et al., 1998; Chawdhury et al., 1999). The novel photophysics of the platinum(II) poly-ynes leads to materials that are useful for applications in modern opto-electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, photocells and field-effect transistors (FETs) (Wilson et al., 2000; Wilson, Chawdhury et al., 2001; Wilson, Dhoot et al., 2001).
The title compound, (I), crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/n, with one molecule in the so that there is no crystallographically imposed symmetry (Fig. 1). The central dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene group is essentially planar and the bond parameters associated with this group are similar to those found in other materials containing this thiophene ring system (Li et al., 1998; Osterod et al., 2001; Frey et al., 2002). The bond parameters for the acetylene groups and the trimethylsilyl ligands are similar to those observed in related compounds (Khan, Ahrens et al., 2002; Khan et al., 2004).
There are a number of significant intermolecular interactions within the x − 1, y, z) at a distance of 3.338 (2) Å; S2⋯S1 (related by 1 + x, y, z) at a distance of 3.338 Å; S2⋯S2 (related by 2 + x, −y, −z) at a distance of 3.545 (2) Å; the S3⋯S2 (related by x − 1, y, z) distance is 3.404 (2) Å, which is the shortest. There is also an indication of the presence of π-stacking between pairs of adjacent dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene ring systems, with centroid–centroid separations between the five-membered S1-containing ring and the S3-containing ring, related by the 1 − x, −y, −z, of 4.328 (5) Å, and the S2-containing ring and its symmetry-related partner (again by 1 − x, −y, −z) with a distance of 4.539 (5) Å.
All three of the unique S atoms show contacts to symmetry-related S atoms: S1⋯S2 (related by theExperimental
5,5′-Dibromodithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (2.0 g, 5.64 mmol), trimethylsilylethyne (1.46 g, 14.9 mmol) and iPr2NH–THF (70 ml, 1:1 v/v) were mixed with catalytic amounts of CuI (20 mg), Pd(OAc)2 (20 mg) and PPh3 (60 mg). The crude product was worked up to yield a dark-brown residue, which was then applied to a silica column in hexane and eluted with the same solvent. The title compound was obtained as a colourless crystalline solid in 78% isolated yield (1.72 g).
Crystal data
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Refinement
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The crystal, a small thin plate, did not diffract significantly beyond 45° in 2θ and the final θmax was limited to 22.5°. One of the methyl groups associated with Si1 showed positional disorder over two sites, C13 and C13A. These two atoms, and their associated H atoms, were refined with occupancies fixed at 50% each. All the aromatic and methyl H atoms were constrained as riding atoms, fixed to the parent atoms with distances of 0.95 and 0.98 Å, respectively, and U(H) = 1.2 (aromatic H atoms) and 1.5 (methyl H atoms) times Ueq(parent atom).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1998); cell LSCELL (Clegg, 1997); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536804014369/su6115sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536804014369/su6115Isup2.hkl
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1998); cell
LSCELL (Clegg, 1997); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).C18H20S3Si2 | F(000) = 816 |
Mr = 388.7 | Dx = 1.207 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/n | Synchrotron radiation, λ = 0.6887 Å |
a = 6.191 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 11495 reflections |
b = 28.671 (9) Å | θ = 3.2–29.4° |
c = 12.066 (4) Å | µ = 0.46 mm−1 |
β = 92.51 (2)° | T = 150 K |
V = 2139.7 (13) Å3 | Plate, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.07 × 0.05 × 0.01 mm |
Bruker AXS SMART 1K CCD diffractometer | 2494 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ω rotation with narrow frames scans | Rint = 0.063 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2000) | θmax = 22.5°, θmin = 2.1° |
Tmin = 0.969, Tmax = 0.996 | h = −6→6 |
11094 measured reflections | k = −28→31 |
3062 independent reflections | l = −13→13 |
Refinement on F2 | 105 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | H-atom parameters constrained |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.055 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0415P)2 + 1.5269P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.114 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
S = 1.17 | Δρmax = 0.40 e Å−3 |
3062 reflections | Δρmin = −0.33 e Å−3 |
224 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Si1 | 0.24574 (18) | −0.09576 (4) | −0.49942 (9) | 0.0297 (3) | |
Si2 | 0.37743 (19) | 0.27129 (4) | 0.36288 (10) | 0.0331 (3) | |
S1 | 0.31917 (14) | 0.03319 (4) | −0.17119 (8) | 0.0260 (3) | |
S2 | 0.91465 (14) | 0.05896 (3) | −0.00764 (8) | 0.0225 (2) | |
S3 | 0.34385 (14) | 0.12945 (3) | 0.05801 (8) | 0.0246 (3) | |
C1 | 0.3626 (7) | −0.06041 (15) | −0.3841 (3) | 0.0324 (10) | |
C2 | 0.4347 (6) | −0.03567 (14) | −0.3110 (3) | 0.0265 (9) | |
C3 | 0.5055 (6) | −0.00484 (13) | −0.2261 (3) | 0.0233 (8) | |
C4 | 0.7105 (6) | 0.00053 (13) | −0.1775 (3) | 0.0217 (8) | |
H4 | 0.8334 | −0.0171 | −0.1966 | 0.026* | |
C5 | 0.7125 (5) | 0.03560 (13) | −0.0962 (3) | 0.0189 (8) | |
C6 | 0.5143 (5) | 0.05650 (13) | −0.0822 (3) | 0.0210 (8) | |
C7 | 0.5230 (5) | 0.09124 (13) | 0.0006 (3) | 0.0193 (8) | |
C8 | 0.7281 (5) | 0.09704 (12) | 0.0481 (3) | 0.0178 (8) | |
C9 | 0.7440 (6) | 0.13197 (13) | 0.1298 (3) | 0.0216 (8) | |
H9 | 0.8742 | 0.14 | 0.1699 | 0.026* | |
C10 | 0.5506 (6) | 0.15279 (13) | 0.1443 (3) | 0.0236 (8) | |
C11 | 0.4998 (6) | 0.19001 (14) | 0.2161 (3) | 0.0262 (9) | |
C12 | 0.4528 (6) | 0.22214 (15) | 0.2739 (3) | 0.0330 (10) | |
C13 | 0.477 (2) | −0.1223 (5) | −0.5695 (11) | 0.044 (4) | 0.5 |
H13A | 0.555 | −0.0981 | −0.6087 | 0.066* | 0.5 |
H13B | 0.4234 | −0.1459 | −0.6227 | 0.066* | 0.5 |
H13C | 0.5754 | −0.1371 | −0.514 | 0.066* | 0.5 |
C13A | 0.4674 (17) | −0.1115 (4) | −0.5939 (10) | 0.034 (3) | 0.5 |
H13D | 0.5474 | −0.0833 | −0.6127 | 0.05* | 0.5 |
H13E | 0.4045 | −0.1256 | −0.6618 | 0.05* | 0.5 |
H13F | 0.566 | −0.1337 | −0.5564 | 0.05* | 0.5 |
C14 | 0.0943 (8) | −0.14495 (17) | −0.4427 (4) | 0.0459 (12) | |
H14A | 0.1906 | −0.1633 | −0.3931 | 0.069* | |
H14B | 0.0382 | −0.1647 | −0.5036 | 0.069* | |
H14C | −0.0264 | −0.133 | −0.4012 | 0.069* | |
C15 | 0.0619 (8) | −0.05777 (18) | −0.5829 (4) | 0.0483 (12) | |
H15A | −0.0592 | −0.0483 | −0.5383 | 0.072* | |
H15B | 0.0066 | −0.0748 | −0.6486 | 0.072* | |
H15C | 0.1406 | −0.03 | −0.6061 | 0.072* | |
C16 | 0.0780 (8) | 0.27513 (18) | 0.3558 (5) | 0.0570 (14) | |
H16A | 0.0266 | 0.2793 | 0.2785 | 0.085* | |
H16B | 0.0322 | 0.3018 | 0.3999 | 0.085* | |
H16C | 0.017 | 0.2464 | 0.3853 | 0.085* | |
C17 | 0.4837 (9) | 0.25928 (18) | 0.5056 (4) | 0.0493 (13) | |
H17A | 0.4196 | 0.2304 | 0.5325 | 0.074* | |
H17B | 0.4466 | 0.2852 | 0.5542 | 0.074* | |
H17C | 0.6412 | 0.2559 | 0.5057 | 0.074* | |
C18 | 0.4935 (8) | 0.32505 (16) | 0.3055 (4) | 0.0456 (12) | |
H18A | 0.6516 | 0.3229 | 0.3095 | 0.068* | |
H18B | 0.4479 | 0.352 | 0.3486 | 0.068* | |
H18C | 0.4425 | 0.3287 | 0.228 | 0.068* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Si1 | 0.0310 (6) | 0.0330 (7) | 0.0245 (6) | −0.0033 (5) | −0.0053 (4) | −0.0055 (5) |
Si2 | 0.0334 (6) | 0.0312 (7) | 0.0345 (6) | 0.0074 (5) | −0.0008 (5) | −0.0133 (5) |
S1 | 0.0186 (5) | 0.0339 (6) | 0.0252 (5) | −0.0026 (4) | −0.0018 (4) | −0.0084 (4) |
S2 | 0.0171 (5) | 0.0247 (5) | 0.0253 (5) | 0.0022 (4) | −0.0023 (4) | −0.0076 (4) |
S3 | 0.0176 (5) | 0.0276 (5) | 0.0287 (5) | 0.0025 (4) | 0.0010 (4) | −0.0077 (4) |
C1 | 0.035 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0014 (19) | −0.0036 (18) | −0.0013 (19) |
C2 | 0.030 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0194 (19) | −0.0008 (18) | 0.0001 (16) | −0.0008 (18) |
C3 | 0.025 (2) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0192 (18) | −0.0020 (16) | −0.0006 (15) | 0.0003 (16) |
C4 | 0.0213 (19) | 0.022 (2) | 0.0218 (19) | 0.0002 (15) | −0.0006 (15) | 0.0009 (16) |
C5 | 0.0170 (18) | 0.022 (2) | 0.0175 (17) | −0.0057 (15) | −0.0009 (14) | 0.0004 (15) |
C6 | 0.0153 (18) | 0.025 (2) | 0.0222 (19) | −0.0041 (15) | −0.0008 (14) | 0.0000 (16) |
C7 | 0.0179 (18) | 0.020 (2) | 0.0205 (18) | 0.0003 (15) | 0.0018 (14) | 0.0024 (15) |
C8 | 0.0190 (18) | 0.0165 (19) | 0.0181 (17) | 0.0008 (15) | 0.0029 (14) | 0.0004 (15) |
C9 | 0.0186 (18) | 0.024 (2) | 0.0218 (19) | 0.0000 (16) | −0.0002 (14) | −0.0028 (16) |
C10 | 0.0222 (19) | 0.025 (2) | 0.0241 (19) | −0.0023 (16) | 0.0017 (15) | −0.0039 (17) |
C11 | 0.023 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0036 (17) | −0.0011 (16) | −0.0075 (18) |
C12 | 0.026 (2) | 0.038 (3) | 0.035 (2) | 0.0035 (19) | −0.0024 (17) | −0.009 (2) |
C13 | 0.044 (4) | 0.044 (4) | 0.044 (4) | 0.0003 (10) | 0.0021 (10) | −0.0003 (10) |
C13A | 0.034 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.0000 (10) | 0.0017 (10) | −0.0003 (10) |
C14 | 0.053 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.039 (3) | −0.013 (2) | −0.012 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C15 | 0.055 (3) | 0.051 (3) | 0.037 (3) | −0.001 (2) | −0.015 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
C16 | 0.038 (3) | 0.049 (3) | 0.085 (4) | 0.007 (2) | 0.010 (3) | −0.025 (3) |
C17 | 0.066 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.003 (2) | −0.007 (2) |
C18 | 0.048 (3) | 0.040 (3) | 0.048 (3) | 0.008 (2) | −0.006 (2) | −0.011 (2) |
Si1—C14 | 1.842 (5) | C9—H9 | 0.95 |
Si1—C15 | 1.843 (5) | C10—C11 | 1.418 (5) |
Si1—C1 | 1.843 (4) | C11—C12 | 1.199 (5) |
Si1—C13 | 1.859 (12) | C13—H13A | 0.98 |
Si1—C13A | 1.877 (10) | C13—H13B | 0.98 |
Si2—C12 | 1.844 (4) | C13—H13C | 0.98 |
Si2—C18 | 1.848 (5) | C13A—H13D | 0.98 |
Si2—C17 | 1.848 (5) | C13A—H13E | 0.98 |
Si2—C16 | 1.855 (5) | C13A—H13F | 0.98 |
S1—C6 | 1.716 (4) | C14—H14A | 0.98 |
S1—C3 | 1.739 (4) | C14—H14B | 0.98 |
S2—C5 | 1.744 (4) | C14—H14C | 0.98 |
S2—C8 | 1.745 (3) | C15—H15A | 0.98 |
S3—C7 | 1.725 (3) | C15—H15B | 0.98 |
S3—C10 | 1.747 (4) | C15—H15C | 0.98 |
C1—C2 | 1.203 (6) | C16—H16A | 0.98 |
C2—C3 | 1.408 (5) | C16—H16B | 0.98 |
C3—C4 | 1.383 (5) | C16—H16C | 0.98 |
C4—C5 | 1.405 (5) | C17—H17A | 0.98 |
C4—H4 | 0.95 | C17—H17B | 0.98 |
C5—C6 | 1.382 (5) | C17—H17C | 0.98 |
C6—C7 | 1.410 (5) | C18—H18A | 0.98 |
C7—C8 | 1.380 (5) | C18—H18B | 0.98 |
C8—C9 | 1.406 (5) | C18—H18C | 0.98 |
C9—C10 | 1.356 (5) | ||
C14—Si1—C15 | 110.1 (2) | C9—C10—S3 | 112.5 (3) |
C14—Si1—C1 | 109.3 (2) | C11—C10—S3 | 118.4 (3) |
C15—Si1—C1 | 107.5 (2) | C12—C11—C10 | 177.8 (4) |
C14—Si1—C13 | 105.7 (5) | C11—C12—Si2 | 179.4 (4) |
C15—Si1—C13 | 117.6 (5) | Si1—C13—H13A | 109.5 |
C1—Si1—C13 | 106.5 (4) | Si1—C13—H13B | 109.5 |
C14—Si1—C13A | 116.1 (4) | Si1—C13—H13C | 109.5 |
C15—Si1—C13A | 105.1 (4) | Si1—C13A—H13D | 109.5 |
C1—Si1—C13A | 108.5 (4) | Si1—C13A—H13E | 109.5 |
C13—Si1—C13A | 13.2 (5) | H13D—C13A—H13E | 109.5 |
C12—Si2—C18 | 107.9 (2) | Si1—C13A—H13F | 109.5 |
C12—Si2—C17 | 108.1 (2) | H13D—C13A—H13F | 109.5 |
C18—Si2—C17 | 112.1 (2) | H13E—C13A—H13F | 109.5 |
C12—Si2—C16 | 107.2 (2) | Si1—C14—H14A | 109.5 |
C18—Si2—C16 | 109.7 (2) | Si1—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C17—Si2—C16 | 111.6 (3) | H14A—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C6—S1—C3 | 91.27 (18) | Si1—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C5—S2—C8 | 90.39 (17) | H14A—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C7—S3—C10 | 90.89 (17) | H14B—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C2—C1—Si1 | 177.2 (4) | Si1—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
C1—C2—C3 | 175.9 (4) | Si1—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C4—C3—C2 | 128.9 (3) | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C4—C3—S1 | 112.4 (3) | Si1—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C2—C3—S1 | 118.7 (3) | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—C5 | 110.8 (3) | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—H4 | 124.6 | Si2—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4 | 124.6 | Si2—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—C4 | 114.5 (3) | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—S2 | 112.1 (3) | Si2—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C4—C5—S2 | 133.4 (3) | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C5—C6—C7 | 112.7 (3) | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C5—C6—S1 | 111.0 (3) | Si2—C17—H17A | 109.5 |
C7—C6—S1 | 136.3 (3) | Si2—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C8—C7—C6 | 112.7 (3) | H17A—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C8—C7—S3 | 110.7 (3) | Si2—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C6—C7—S3 | 136.7 (3) | H17A—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—C9 | 114.3 (3) | H17B—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—S2 | 112.2 (3) | Si2—C18—H18A | 109.5 |
C9—C8—S2 | 133.5 (3) | Si2—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
C10—C9—C8 | 111.6 (3) | H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
C10—C9—H9 | 124.2 | Si2—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9 | 124.2 | H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C9—C10—C11 | 129.1 (4) | H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, the Royal Society of Chemistry for a Journals Grant for International Authors (to MSK), and the DAAD (to BA) for funding.
References
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