metal-organic compounds
cis-Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2N,N′)chloro(1-phenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium-κN1′)ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate)
aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England, and bEPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England
*Correspondence e-mail: b.coe@man.ac.uk
The 16H13N2)(C10H8N2)2](PF6)2, is described. Although related compounds are known to display nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, the present salt crystallizes in the centrosymmetric P21/c, so is not expected to show bulk NLO effects.
of the title compound, [RuCl(CComment
Investigations into new molecular materials having nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are important for the development of emerging optoelectronic and photonic technologies (Bosshard et al., 1995; Nalwa & Miyata, 1997). Recent studies in this field have involved a wide range of organotransition metal complexes, which can show very pronounced NLO effects (Di Bella, 2001; Coe, 2004). Previous studies from our laboratory have included ruthenium(II) ammine complexes of N-arylated pyridinium ligands, such as N-phenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (PhQ+; Coe et al., 1998, 2002; Coe, Jones et al., 2003). The creation of potentially useful quadratic NLO materials requires the optimization of both molecular and macroscopic properties. Active chromophores must be arranged non-centrosymmetrically for bulk quadratic NLO effects, such as (second harmonic generation, SHG), to be observed.
We have recently studied a series of complex salts containing cis-[Ru(NH3)4(L)2]4+ (L = PhQ+ etc.), which have strongly two-dimensional molecular NLO responses (Coe, Harris & Brunschwig, 2003). The investigation of related compounds is clearly of interest, and readily accessible targets include species in which the ammine ligands are replaced by the classical chelating 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) ligand. The new compound, (I), was synthesized as an intermediate on the route to cis-[Ru(bpy)2(PhQ+)2]4+, by the reaction of cis-RuCl2(bpy)2·2H2O (Lay et al., 1986) with [PhQ+]PF6 (Coe et al., 2000).
The complex salt, (I), shows an intense broad visible absorption band at λmax = 498 nm in acetonitrile. This absorption is attributable to d π* metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions from the Ru-based HOMO to the LUMOs localized on the bpy and PhQ+ ligands. PhQ+ is expected to be a stronger than bpy, so it is likely that the low-energy tail of the MLCT band corresponds to Ru PhQ+ excitations. Such low-energy MLCT bands are typically associated with large molecular quadratic NLO responses (Di Bella, 2001; Coe, 2004). Cyclic voltammetric studies reveal a reversible RuIII/II wave at E1/2 = 0.88 V versus Ag–AgCl, together with several irreversible ligand-based reduction processes, the first of which has an Epc value of −0.63 V versus Ag–AgCl (most likely attributable to a PhQ+/0 process).
The molecular structure of the complex cation in (I) is as indicated by 1NMR spectroscopy, with an approximately octahedral metal centre and a cis arrangement of the bpy ligands (Fig. 1). The PhQ+ ligand is highly twisted, with a dihedral angle of 37.5 (3)° defined by the ring planes N1/C1–C5 and N2/C9/C10/C6–C8, and an angle of 47.0 (3)° between the planes N2/C9/C10/C6–C8 and C11–C16. Smaller twists between the pyridyl and pyridinium rings of PhQ+ have been observed in the compounds trans-[Ru(NH3)4(PTZ)(PhQ+)](PF6)3·Et2O (PTZ = S-coordinated phenothiazine; Coe et al., 1998) and trans-[RuCl(pdma)2(PhQ+)](PF6)3·MeCN [pdma = 1,2-phenylenebis(dimethylarsine); Coe et al., 2000], whilst fac-[Re(CO)3(L–L)(PhQ+)](PF6)2 (L–L = N,N′-bis-isopropyl-1,4-diazabutadiene) also shows a highly twisted ligand structure (Busby et al., 2004).
The crystal packing of (I) is of interest with regard to quadratic NLO properties. Unfortunately, (I) adopts the centrosymmetric P21/c and is therefore not expected to display bulk NLO effects. Nevertheless, it is quite possible that metathesis of the hexafluorophosphate counter-anions may cause the complex cations to adopt a more favourable crystal structure.
Experimental
A solution of cis-RuCl2(bpy)2·2H2O (100 mg. 0.192 mmol) and [PhQ+]PF6 (280 mg, 0.740 mmol) in degassed 2:1 ethanol/acetone (60 ml) was heated at reflux in the dark under Ar for 2.5 h. The resulting red–purple solution was reduced in volume on a rotary evaporator, and addition of aqueous NH4PF6 produced a purple precipitate, which was filtered off, washed with water and dried. Excess [PhQ+]PF6 was removed by washing several times with methanol to afford a dark-purple solid. Yield 102 mg (55%). The product (29 mg) was further purified by vapour diffusion of diethyl ether into a concentrated acetone solution, giving 22 mg of dark-purple crystals. Analysis calculated for C36H29ClF12N6P2Ru: C 44.48, H 3.01, N 8.65%; found: C 44.50, H 2.86, N 8.51%. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3COCD3, p.p.m.): 10.10 (1H, d, J = 5.7 Hz, bpy H6), 9.52 (2H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, C5H4N), 9.11 (2H, br s, C5H4N), 8.80 (4H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, C5H4N), 8.73 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz, bpy H3), 8.67 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, bpy H3), 8.64 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, bpy H3), 8.26 (2H, m, bpy H4 and H3), 8.18 (1H, d, J = 5.1 Hz, bpy H6), 8.08–7.94 (7H, m, 2 Ph, 3bpy H4 and 2bpy H6), 7.84 (4H, m, 3 Ph and bpy H5), 7.76 (1H, m, J = 1.5, 5.8 and 7.5 Hz, bpy H5), 7.45 (1H, m, J = 1.5, 5.9 and 7.1 Hz, bpy H5), 7.37 (1H, m, J = 1.3, 5.9 and 7.6 Hz, bpy H5). ES–MS m/z = 995 ({M + Na+}+), 827 ({M − PF6−}+). Crystals were obtained by slow diffusion of diethyl ether vapour into an acetone solution at 277 K.
Crystal data
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Data collection
Refinement
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The two hexafluorophosphate anions were both disordered over two main sites [site-occupancy factors: (i) PF6 0.45 (2):0.55 (2) P1:P101; (ii) PF6 0.581 (5):0.419 (2) P11:P111]. To simplify the modelling, the P—F bonds were restrained to be similar in length, with angles close to 90°. These restraints have resulted in some closer contacts than expected. All H atoms were included in idealized positions, with C—H = 0.95 Å and Uiso(H) values set at 1.2Ueq(C). The maximum electron-density peak is 2.23 Å from atom H39.
Data collection: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); cell DENZO and COLLECT (Hooft, 1998); data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536804024006/gh6001sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536804024006/gh6001Isup2.hkl
Data collection: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); cell
DENZO and COLLECT (Hooft, 1998); data reduction: DENZO and COLLECT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: CAMERON (Watkin et al., 1993); software used to prepare material for publication: reference?.[RuCl(C16H13N2)(C10H8N2)2](PF6)2 | F(000) = 1944 |
Mr = 972.11 | Dx = 1.735 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 12.687 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 8598 reflections |
b = 23.424 (17) Å | θ = 2.9–27.5° |
c = 12.956 (8) Å | µ = 0.68 mm−1 |
β = 104.80 (4)° | T = 120 K |
V = 3722 (4) Å3 | Plate, red |
Z = 4 | 0.38 × 0.22 × 0.03 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 8537 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Nonius FR591 rotating anode | 5485 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.097 |
Detector resolution: 9.091 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.1° |
φ and ω scans to fill Ewald Sphere | h = −16→15 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SORTAV, Blessing, 1995, 1997) | k = −30→30 |
Tmin = 0.783, Tmax = 0.980 | l = −16→16 |
50477 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.060 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.128 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0483P)2 + 5.3619P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
8537 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
651 parameters | Δρmax = 1.40 e Å−3 |
612 restraints | Δρmin = −0.49 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Ru1 | 0.75061 (3) | 0.111296 (13) | 0.21958 (3) | 0.02808 (11) | |
Cl1 | 0.64391 (9) | 0.04872 (4) | 0.08574 (9) | 0.0369 (3) | |
C1 | 0.9900 (3) | 0.11951 (17) | 0.2087 (3) | 0.0333 (10) | |
H1 | 1.0009 | 0.1338 | 0.2793 | 0.040* | |
C2 | 1.0783 (3) | 0.11734 (17) | 0.1661 (3) | 0.0336 (10) | |
H2 | 1.1479 | 0.1298 | 0.2066 | 0.040* | |
C3 | 1.0648 (3) | 0.09659 (17) | 0.0622 (3) | 0.0308 (10) | |
C4 | 0.9614 (3) | 0.07829 (19) | 0.0102 (4) | 0.0373 (11) | |
H4 | 0.9484 | 0.0632 | −0.0600 | 0.045* | |
C5 | 0.8782 (4) | 0.08157 (18) | 0.0581 (4) | 0.0362 (10) | |
H5 | 0.8084 | 0.0683 | 0.0200 | 0.043* | |
C6 | 1.1534 (3) | 0.09743 (17) | 0.0066 (3) | 0.0313 (10) | |
C7 | 1.2622 (3) | 0.08703 (17) | 0.0571 (3) | 0.0331 (10) | |
H7 | 1.2821 | 0.0765 | 0.1304 | 0.040* | |
C8 | 1.3411 (3) | 0.09177 (18) | 0.0027 (3) | 0.0344 (10) | |
H8 | 1.4152 | 0.0844 | 0.0381 | 0.041* | |
C9 | 1.2097 (4) | 0.11577 (18) | −0.1524 (4) | 0.0364 (10) | |
H9 | 1.1916 | 0.1257 | −0.2260 | 0.044* | |
C10 | 1.1287 (4) | 0.11082 (19) | −0.1009 (3) | 0.0370 (10) | |
H10 | 1.0549 | 0.1166 | −0.1391 | 0.044* | |
C11 | 1.3976 (3) | 0.11371 (18) | −0.1598 (3) | 0.0346 (10) | |
C12 | 1.3931 (4) | 0.1609 (2) | −0.2240 (4) | 0.0431 (11) | |
H12 | 1.3387 | 0.1893 | −0.2285 | 0.052* | |
C13 | 1.4703 (4) | 0.1655 (2) | −0.2816 (4) | 0.0506 (13) | |
H13 | 1.4696 | 0.1978 | −0.3262 | 0.061* | |
C14 | 1.5476 (4) | 0.1243 (2) | −0.2752 (4) | 0.0493 (13) | |
H14 | 1.5998 | 0.1278 | −0.3160 | 0.059* | |
C15 | 1.5501 (4) | 0.0781 (2) | −0.2104 (4) | 0.0458 (12) | |
H15 | 1.6049 | 0.0499 | −0.2057 | 0.055* | |
C16 | 1.4748 (3) | 0.07181 (19) | −0.1519 (3) | 0.0357 (10) | |
H16 | 1.4760 | 0.0395 | −0.1073 | 0.043* | |
N1 | 0.8894 (3) | 0.10280 (13) | 0.1574 (3) | 0.0303 (8) | |
N2 | 1.3138 (3) | 0.10693 (14) | −0.1012 (3) | 0.0318 (8) | |
C21 | 0.8645 (4) | 0.00676 (18) | 0.3363 (4) | 0.0398 (11) | |
H21 | 0.9263 | 0.0183 | 0.3128 | 0.048* | |
C22 | 0.8682 (4) | −0.04451 (19) | 0.3905 (4) | 0.0443 (12) | |
H22 | 0.9321 | −0.0674 | 0.4040 | 0.053* | |
C23 | 0.7811 (5) | −0.0620 (2) | 0.4243 (4) | 0.0486 (13) | |
H23 | 0.7822 | −0.0974 | 0.4602 | 0.058* | |
C24 | 0.6908 (4) | −0.02721 (19) | 0.4056 (3) | 0.0411 (11) | |
H24 | 0.6287 | −0.0386 | 0.4287 | 0.049* | |
C25 | 0.6903 (4) | 0.02437 (18) | 0.3530 (3) | 0.0355 (10) | |
C26 | 0.6005 (4) | 0.06549 (18) | 0.3333 (3) | 0.0342 (10) | |
C27 | 0.5062 (4) | 0.0586 (2) | 0.3675 (4) | 0.0415 (11) | |
H27 | 0.4951 | 0.0248 | 0.4037 | 0.050* | |
C28 | 0.4289 (4) | 0.1013 (2) | 0.3483 (4) | 0.0453 (12) | |
H28 | 0.3644 | 0.0972 | 0.3721 | 0.054* | |
C29 | 0.4453 (4) | 0.1496 (2) | 0.2947 (4) | 0.0427 (11) | |
H29 | 0.3931 | 0.1796 | 0.2815 | 0.051* | |
C30 | 0.5389 (3) | 0.15359 (19) | 0.2607 (3) | 0.0358 (10) | |
H30 | 0.5498 | 0.1869 | 0.2229 | 0.043* | |
N21 | 0.7769 (3) | 0.04043 (14) | 0.3160 (3) | 0.0319 (8) | |
N22 | 0.6160 (3) | 0.11275 (14) | 0.2780 (3) | 0.0312 (8) | |
C31 | 0.6522 (3) | 0.18837 (18) | 0.0307 (3) | 0.0340 (10) | |
H31 | 0.6265 | 0.1541 | −0.0066 | 0.041* | |
C32 | 0.6250 (4) | 0.23930 (19) | −0.0205 (4) | 0.0403 (11) | |
H32 | 0.5789 | 0.2403 | −0.0909 | 0.048* | |
C33 | 0.6650 (4) | 0.28928 (19) | 0.0308 (4) | 0.0397 (11) | |
H33 | 0.6482 | 0.3251 | −0.0037 | 0.048* | |
C34 | 0.7295 (3) | 0.28589 (17) | 0.1329 (4) | 0.0341 (10) | |
H34 | 0.7587 | 0.3198 | 0.1695 | 0.041* | |
C35 | 0.7525 (3) | 0.23367 (17) | 0.1832 (3) | 0.0308 (9) | |
C36 | 0.8151 (3) | 0.22600 (17) | 0.2942 (3) | 0.0293 (9) | |
C37 | 0.8586 (4) | 0.27001 (19) | 0.3628 (4) | 0.0378 (11) | |
H37 | 0.8500 | 0.3084 | 0.3385 | 0.045* | |
C38 | 0.9141 (4) | 0.25818 (19) | 0.4658 (4) | 0.0416 (11) | |
H38 | 0.9450 | 0.2882 | 0.5133 | 0.050* | |
C39 | 0.9246 (4) | 0.2024 (2) | 0.4997 (3) | 0.0394 (11) | |
H39 | 0.9629 | 0.1933 | 0.5708 | 0.047* | |
C40 | 0.8789 (3) | 0.16000 (18) | 0.4291 (3) | 0.0343 (10) | |
H40 | 0.8852 | 0.1216 | 0.4535 | 0.041* | |
N31 | 0.7130 (3) | 0.18468 (13) | 0.1306 (3) | 0.0288 (8) | |
N32 | 0.8261 (3) | 0.17033 (14) | 0.3281 (3) | 0.0281 (8) | |
F1 | 1.3343 (12) | 0.1808 (5) | 0.4946 (14) | 0.081 (5) | 0.45 (2) |
F2 | 1.2107 (13) | 0.1984 (7) | 0.5870 (11) | 0.074 (4) | 0.45 (2) |
F3 | 1.1527 (10) | 0.2741 (5) | 0.4872 (17) | 0.097 (5) | 0.45 (2) |
F4 | 1.1588 (13) | 0.1890 (8) | 0.4098 (12) | 0.117 (6) | 0.45 (2) |
F5 | 1.2749 (13) | 0.2566 (7) | 0.3927 (18) | 0.124 (6) | 0.45 (2) |
F6 | 1.3279 (8) | 0.2662 (5) | 0.569 (2) | 0.105 (6) | 0.45 (2) |
P1 | 1.2432 (9) | 0.2276 (4) | 0.4897 (12) | 0.072 (3) | 0.45 (2) |
F101 | 1.3098 (7) | 0.2751 (3) | 0.4877 (12) | 0.080 (3) | 0.55 (2) |
F102 | 1.2117 (11) | 0.2166 (7) | 0.5690 (9) | 0.071 (3) | 0.55 (2) |
F103 | 1.1430 (8) | 0.1748 (4) | 0.4139 (9) | 0.060 (3) | 0.55 (2) |
F104 | 1.1295 (8) | 0.2679 (5) | 0.4225 (14) | 0.092 (4) | 0.55 (2) |
F105 | 1.2439 (7) | 0.2296 (5) | 0.3349 (8) | 0.078 (3) | 0.55 (2) |
F106 | 1.3239 (8) | 0.1792 (4) | 0.4792 (11) | 0.059 (3) | 0.55 (2) |
P101 | 1.2279 (5) | 0.2245 (3) | 0.4527 (7) | 0.0457 (16) | 0.55 (2) |
F11 | 1.2027 (7) | −0.0807 (4) | 0.2224 (7) | 0.054 (2) | 0.581 (5) |
F12 | 1.0650 (8) | −0.0206 (6) | 0.2242 (11) | 0.038 (3) | 0.581 (5) |
F13 | 1.1163 (4) | −0.0208 (3) | 0.4038 (4) | 0.0532 (17) | 0.581 (5) |
F14 | 1.2366 (4) | 0.0037 (2) | 0.3098 (5) | 0.0577 (18) | 0.581 (5) |
F15 | 1.2575 (4) | −0.0787 (2) | 0.4007 (3) | 0.0438 (14) | 0.581 (5) |
F16 | 1.0847 (4) | −0.10382 (18) | 0.3157 (4) | 0.0492 (15) | 0.581 (5) |
P11 | 1.1611 (4) | −0.0492 (2) | 0.3136 (4) | 0.0307 (10) | 0.581 (5) |
F111 | 1.1848 (13) | −0.0931 (5) | 0.2491 (11) | 0.091 (6) | 0.419 (5) |
F112 | 1.0578 (11) | −0.0255 (9) | 0.2354 (15) | 0.047 (5) | 0.419 (5) |
F113 | 1.1773 (7) | 0.0282 (3) | 0.3503 (5) | 0.062 (2) | 0.419 (5) |
F114 | 1.2220 (5) | −0.0060 (3) | 0.2088 (6) | 0.059 (2) | 0.419 (5) |
F115 | 1.3033 (6) | −0.0400 (4) | 0.3723 (5) | 0.063 (2) | 0.419 (5) |
F116 | 1.1404 (8) | −0.0588 (5) | 0.3988 (7) | 0.078 (3) | 0.419 (5) |
P111 | 1.1815 (6) | −0.0333 (3) | 0.3028 (6) | 0.0393 (17) | 0.419 (5) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Ru1 | 0.0348 (2) | 0.02182 (17) | 0.0286 (2) | −0.00108 (15) | 0.00990 (14) | −0.00148 (15) |
Cl1 | 0.0439 (6) | 0.0312 (6) | 0.0360 (6) | −0.0081 (5) | 0.0110 (5) | −0.0054 (5) |
C1 | 0.034 (2) | 0.035 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0032 (19) | 0.007 (2) | −0.0032 (19) |
C2 | 0.035 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0009 (19) | 0.0006 (19) | −0.0024 (19) |
C3 | 0.037 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.0036 (17) | 0.008 (2) | 0.0003 (17) |
C4 | 0.039 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.030 (2) | −0.007 (2) | 0.010 (2) | −0.011 (2) |
C5 | 0.034 (2) | 0.036 (3) | 0.039 (3) | −0.0059 (19) | 0.010 (2) | −0.007 (2) |
C6 | 0.037 (3) | 0.027 (2) | 0.030 (2) | −0.0001 (17) | 0.008 (2) | −0.0063 (18) |
C7 | 0.039 (3) | 0.031 (2) | 0.030 (2) | −0.0003 (19) | 0.008 (2) | −0.0025 (19) |
C8 | 0.033 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.033 (3) | 0.0007 (18) | 0.002 (2) | −0.0026 (19) |
C9 | 0.041 (3) | 0.039 (3) | 0.028 (2) | 0.000 (2) | 0.007 (2) | −0.005 (2) |
C10 | 0.034 (2) | 0.043 (3) | 0.032 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.005 (2) | −0.009 (2) |
C11 | 0.039 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.033 (2) | −0.009 (2) | 0.010 (2) | −0.008 (2) |
C12 | 0.053 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.042 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.018 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C13 | 0.062 (3) | 0.047 (3) | 0.045 (3) | −0.010 (3) | 0.018 (3) | 0.004 (2) |
C14 | 0.047 (3) | 0.059 (3) | 0.047 (3) | −0.016 (2) | 0.024 (3) | −0.003 (3) |
C15 | 0.042 (3) | 0.048 (3) | 0.049 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.015 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C16 | 0.032 (2) | 0.040 (3) | 0.035 (3) | −0.007 (2) | 0.009 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
N1 | 0.036 (2) | 0.0267 (19) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0030 (15) | 0.0105 (16) | −0.0019 (15) |
N2 | 0.037 (2) | 0.0274 (19) | 0.032 (2) | −0.0028 (15) | 0.0104 (17) | −0.0031 (16) |
C21 | 0.050 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.037 (3) | 0.005 (2) | 0.011 (2) | −0.006 (2) |
C22 | 0.070 (3) | 0.028 (2) | 0.033 (3) | 0.013 (2) | 0.011 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C23 | 0.084 (4) | 0.028 (3) | 0.032 (3) | −0.004 (3) | 0.013 (3) | −0.002 (2) |
C24 | 0.061 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.027 (3) | −0.011 (2) | 0.015 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C25 | 0.053 (3) | 0.029 (2) | 0.026 (2) | −0.004 (2) | 0.013 (2) | −0.0019 (19) |
C26 | 0.047 (3) | 0.031 (2) | 0.027 (2) | −0.007 (2) | 0.013 (2) | −0.0050 (19) |
C27 | 0.054 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.036 (3) | −0.010 (2) | 0.018 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C28 | 0.044 (3) | 0.057 (3) | 0.040 (3) | −0.011 (2) | 0.021 (2) | −0.011 (2) |
C29 | 0.040 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.047 (3) | −0.002 (2) | 0.014 (2) | −0.008 (2) |
C30 | 0.036 (3) | 0.033 (2) | 0.036 (3) | −0.0007 (19) | 0.006 (2) | −0.005 (2) |
N21 | 0.050 (2) | 0.0221 (18) | 0.0258 (19) | 0.0033 (16) | 0.0131 (17) | −0.0030 (15) |
N22 | 0.034 (2) | 0.0311 (19) | 0.031 (2) | −0.0042 (16) | 0.0113 (16) | −0.0072 (17) |
C31 | 0.036 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.034 (3) | −0.0028 (18) | 0.007 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C32 | 0.043 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.035 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.001 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
C33 | 0.046 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.040 (3) | 0.004 (2) | 0.010 (2) | 0.010 (2) |
C34 | 0.041 (3) | 0.022 (2) | 0.041 (3) | −0.0016 (18) | 0.013 (2) | 0.0003 (19) |
C35 | 0.031 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.035 (3) | −0.0016 (18) | 0.013 (2) | −0.0017 (19) |
C36 | 0.028 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.0002 (17) | 0.0131 (19) | −0.0044 (19) |
C37 | 0.044 (3) | 0.031 (2) | 0.039 (3) | −0.003 (2) | 0.013 (2) | −0.003 (2) |
C38 | 0.046 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.043 (3) | −0.005 (2) | 0.012 (2) | −0.013 (2) |
C39 | 0.046 (3) | 0.045 (3) | 0.026 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.008 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
C40 | 0.042 (3) | 0.031 (2) | 0.031 (3) | 0.0005 (19) | 0.013 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
N31 | 0.0317 (19) | 0.0272 (18) | 0.028 (2) | 0.0002 (14) | 0.0081 (16) | 0.0010 (15) |
N32 | 0.0308 (19) | 0.0281 (18) | 0.027 (2) | −0.0017 (14) | 0.0111 (16) | −0.0047 (15) |
F1 | 0.112 (11) | 0.060 (9) | 0.064 (9) | 0.018 (7) | 0.009 (7) | −0.016 (6) |
F2 | 0.104 (8) | 0.056 (8) | 0.064 (7) | 0.028 (6) | 0.021 (6) | 0.009 (5) |
F3 | 0.082 (7) | 0.051 (6) | 0.146 (13) | 0.011 (5) | 0.005 (8) | 0.030 (7) |
F4 | 0.151 (12) | 0.115 (12) | 0.066 (8) | −0.051 (9) | −0.005 (8) | 0.003 (8) |
F5 | 0.165 (13) | 0.089 (11) | 0.134 (14) | −0.008 (9) | 0.065 (12) | 0.055 (11) |
F6 | 0.092 (7) | 0.062 (6) | 0.155 (16) | −0.010 (5) | 0.018 (8) | −0.049 (8) |
P1 | 0.088 (5) | 0.034 (3) | 0.095 (7) | −0.001 (3) | 0.024 (4) | 0.008 (4) |
F101 | 0.083 (5) | 0.048 (4) | 0.101 (9) | −0.022 (3) | 0.009 (6) | 0.002 (5) |
F102 | 0.089 (6) | 0.081 (9) | 0.055 (6) | 0.008 (5) | 0.038 (5) | −0.006 (5) |
F103 | 0.065 (5) | 0.046 (4) | 0.060 (5) | −0.019 (3) | −0.001 (4) | 0.009 (3) |
F104 | 0.073 (5) | 0.058 (5) | 0.144 (11) | 0.021 (4) | 0.027 (6) | 0.034 (6) |
F105 | 0.087 (5) | 0.093 (7) | 0.057 (5) | −0.009 (4) | 0.024 (4) | 0.023 (4) |
F106 | 0.054 (5) | 0.052 (7) | 0.080 (7) | 0.005 (4) | 0.032 (5) | −0.001 (5) |
P101 | 0.046 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.063 (4) | −0.0042 (15) | 0.018 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
F11 | 0.032 (3) | 0.087 (6) | 0.042 (4) | 0.015 (3) | 0.006 (3) | −0.017 (4) |
F12 | 0.051 (5) | 0.031 (4) | 0.027 (5) | 0.010 (4) | 0.002 (4) | 0.003 (3) |
F13 | 0.050 (3) | 0.071 (4) | 0.036 (3) | 0.016 (3) | 0.005 (2) | −0.021 (3) |
F14 | 0.052 (3) | 0.039 (3) | 0.079 (5) | −0.016 (3) | 0.011 (3) | 0.002 (3) |
F15 | 0.048 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.011 (2) | −0.005 (2) | −0.010 (2) |
F16 | 0.053 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.053 (3) | −0.008 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.009 (2) |
P11 | 0.0355 (18) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0245 (19) | 0.0020 (15) | 0.0053 (13) | −0.0040 (15) |
F111 | 0.149 (13) | 0.028 (5) | 0.080 (10) | 0.025 (6) | −0.002 (7) | −0.021 (6) |
F112 | 0.040 (6) | 0.066 (10) | 0.036 (8) | −0.009 (5) | 0.014 (5) | −0.008 (6) |
F113 | 0.086 (6) | 0.046 (4) | 0.045 (4) | 0.005 (4) | −0.003 (4) | −0.016 (3) |
F114 | 0.056 (5) | 0.079 (5) | 0.045 (5) | 0.007 (4) | 0.023 (4) | 0.020 (4) |
F115 | 0.062 (5) | 0.083 (6) | 0.040 (4) | 0.016 (4) | 0.006 (4) | −0.005 (4) |
F116 | 0.083 (7) | 0.104 (8) | 0.047 (5) | −0.028 (6) | 0.017 (5) | 0.027 (6) |
P111 | 0.053 (4) | 0.034 (4) | 0.034 (2) | 0.006 (3) | 0.015 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
Ru1—N32 | 2.029 (3) | C27—H27 | 0.9500 |
Ru1—N22 | 2.038 (3) | C28—C29 | 1.371 (6) |
Ru1—N21 | 2.053 (3) | C28—H28 | 0.9500 |
Ru1—N31 | 2.057 (3) | C29—C30 | 1.372 (6) |
Ru1—N1 | 2.125 (3) | C29—H29 | 0.9500 |
Ru1—Cl1 | 2.4059 (16) | C30—N22 | 1.345 (5) |
C1—N1 | 1.338 (5) | C30—H30 | 0.9500 |
C1—C2 | 1.371 (6) | C31—N31 | 1.330 (5) |
C1—H1 | 0.9500 | C31—C32 | 1.366 (6) |
C2—C3 | 1.400 (6) | C31—H31 | 0.9500 |
C2—H2 | 0.9500 | C32—C33 | 1.377 (6) |
C3—C4 | 1.381 (6) | C32—H32 | 0.9500 |
C3—C6 | 1.481 (6) | C33—C34 | 1.368 (6) |
C4—C5 | 1.357 (6) | C33—H33 | 0.9500 |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C34—C35 | 1.382 (6) |
C5—N1 | 1.352 (5) | C34—H34 | 0.9500 |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C35—N31 | 1.363 (5) |
C6—C10 | 1.383 (6) | C35—C36 | 1.465 (6) |
C6—C7 | 1.390 (6) | C36—N32 | 1.372 (5) |
C7—C8 | 1.368 (6) | C36—C37 | 1.381 (6) |
C7—H7 | 0.9500 | C37—C38 | 1.370 (6) |
C8—N2 | 1.349 (5) | C37—H37 | 0.9500 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C38—C39 | 1.373 (6) |
C9—N2 | 1.334 (5) | C38—H38 | 0.9500 |
C9—C10 | 1.367 (6) | C39—C40 | 1.375 (6) |
C9—H9 | 0.9500 | C39—H39 | 0.9500 |
C10—H10 | 0.9500 | C40—N32 | 1.331 (5) |
C11—C16 | 1.372 (6) | C40—H40 | 0.9500 |
C11—C12 | 1.375 (6) | F1—P1 | 1.581 (11) |
C11—N2 | 1.464 (5) | F2—P1 | 1.579 (10) |
C12—C13 | 1.380 (6) | F3—P1 | 1.578 (11) |
C12—H12 | 0.9500 | F4—P1 | 1.570 (11) |
C13—C14 | 1.363 (7) | F5—P1 | 1.568 (10) |
C13—H13 | 0.9500 | F6—P1 | 1.569 (10) |
C14—C15 | 1.366 (7) | F101—P101 | 1.565 (8) |
C14—H14 | 0.9500 | F102—P101 | 1.583 (8) |
C15—C16 | 1.370 (6) | F103—P101 | 1.579 (9) |
C15—H15 | 0.9500 | F104—P101 | 1.578 (9) |
C16—H16 | 0.9500 | F105—P101 | 1.596 (8) |
C21—N21 | 1.332 (5) | F106—P101 | 1.586 (9) |
C21—C22 | 1.386 (6) | F11—P11 | 1.593 (7) |
C21—H21 | 0.9500 | F12—P11 | 1.600 (8) |
C22—C23 | 1.352 (7) | F13—P11 | 1.572 (6) |
C22—H22 | 0.9500 | F14—P11 | 1.575 (5) |
C23—C24 | 1.375 (7) | F15—P11 | 1.594 (6) |
C23—H23 | 0.9500 | F16—P11 | 1.609 (6) |
C24—C25 | 1.386 (6) | F111—P111 | 1.570 (10) |
C24—H24 | 0.9500 | F112—P111 | 1.600 (11) |
C25—N21 | 1.360 (5) | F113—P111 | 1.571 (8) |
C25—C26 | 1.463 (6) | F114—P111 | 1.575 (8) |
C26—N22 | 1.360 (5) | F115—P111 | 1.585 (9) |
C26—C27 | 1.387 (6) | F116—P111 | 1.583 (8) |
C27—C28 | 1.379 (7) | ||
N32—Ru1—N22 | 91.32 (13) | C25—N21—Ru1 | 114.7 (3) |
N32—Ru1—N21 | 98.91 (14) | C30—N22—C26 | 118.1 (4) |
N22—Ru1—N21 | 78.99 (14) | C30—N22—Ru1 | 126.3 (3) |
N32—Ru1—N31 | 79.60 (15) | C26—N22—Ru1 | 115.4 (3) |
N22—Ru1—N31 | 95.61 (13) | N31—C31—C32 | 122.8 (4) |
N21—Ru1—N31 | 174.40 (13) | N31—C31—H31 | 118.6 |
N32—Ru1—N1 | 92.09 (13) | C32—C31—H31 | 118.6 |
N22—Ru1—N1 | 175.56 (13) | C31—C32—C33 | 119.5 (4) |
N21—Ru1—N1 | 97.65 (13) | C31—C32—H32 | 120.3 |
N31—Ru1—N1 | 87.81 (13) | C33—C32—H32 | 120.3 |
N32—Ru1—Cl1 | 173.48 (10) | C34—C33—C32 | 118.2 (4) |
N22—Ru1—Cl1 | 84.68 (10) | C34—C33—H33 | 120.9 |
N21—Ru1—Cl1 | 85.41 (11) | C32—C33—H33 | 120.9 |
N31—Ru1—Cl1 | 95.63 (11) | C33—C34—C35 | 120.6 (4) |
N1—Ru1—Cl1 | 92.18 (10) | C33—C34—H34 | 119.7 |
N1—C1—C2 | 124.3 (4) | C35—C34—H34 | 119.7 |
N1—C1—H1 | 117.9 | N31—C35—C34 | 120.2 (4) |
C2—C1—H1 | 117.9 | N31—C35—C36 | 115.2 (4) |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.2 (4) | C34—C35—C36 | 124.6 (4) |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.4 | N32—C36—C37 | 120.8 (4) |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.4 | N32—C36—C35 | 114.6 (3) |
C4—C3—C2 | 116.4 (4) | C37—C36—C35 | 124.6 (4) |
C4—C3—C6 | 120.7 (4) | C38—C37—C36 | 119.9 (4) |
C2—C3—C6 | 122.7 (4) | C38—C37—H37 | 120.1 |
C5—C4—C3 | 120.8 (4) | C36—C37—H37 | 120.1 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.6 | C37—C38—C39 | 119.2 (4) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.6 | C37—C38—H38 | 120.4 |
N1—C5—C4 | 123.4 (4) | C39—C38—H38 | 120.4 |
N1—C5—H5 | 118.3 | C38—C39—C40 | 119.0 (4) |
C4—C5—H5 | 118.3 | C38—C39—H39 | 120.5 |
C10—C6—C7 | 117.1 (4) | C40—C39—H39 | 120.5 |
C10—C6—C3 | 119.2 (4) | N32—C40—C39 | 122.9 (4) |
C7—C6—C3 | 123.7 (4) | N32—C40—H40 | 118.5 |
C8—C7—C6 | 120.8 (4) | C39—C40—H40 | 118.5 |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.6 | C31—N31—C35 | 118.7 (4) |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.6 | C31—N31—Ru1 | 126.4 (3) |
N2—C8—C7 | 120.0 (4) | C35—N31—Ru1 | 114.9 (3) |
N2—C8—H8 | 120.0 | C40—N32—C36 | 118.2 (3) |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.0 | C40—N32—Ru1 | 126.0 (3) |
N2—C9—C10 | 121.1 (4) | C36—N32—Ru1 | 115.8 (3) |
N2—C9—H9 | 119.5 | F5—P1—F6 | 90.0 (6) |
C10—C9—H9 | 119.5 | F5—P1—F4 | 89.6 (7) |
C9—C10—C6 | 120.4 (4) | F6—P1—F4 | 179.6 (8) |
C9—C10—H10 | 119.8 | F5—P1—F3 | 91.0 (6) |
C6—C10—H10 | 119.8 | F6—P1—F3 | 89.3 (6) |
C16—C11—C12 | 122.6 (4) | F4—P1—F3 | 90.8 (6) |
C16—C11—N2 | 118.9 (4) | F5—P1—F2 | 179.7 (9) |
C12—C11—N2 | 118.5 (4) | F6—P1—F2 | 90.2 (6) |
C11—C12—C13 | 117.7 (4) | F4—P1—F2 | 90.2 (7) |
C11—C12—H12 | 121.1 | F3—P1—F2 | 88.7 (6) |
C13—C12—H12 | 121.1 | F5—P1—F1 | 89.9 (7) |
C14—C13—C12 | 120.7 (5) | F6—P1—F1 | 90.1 (6) |
C14—C13—H13 | 119.7 | F4—P1—F1 | 89.8 (7) |
C12—C13—H13 | 119.7 | F3—P1—F1 | 178.8 (8) |
C13—C14—C15 | 120.1 (4) | F2—P1—F1 | 90.3 (7) |
C13—C14—H14 | 119.9 | F101—P101—F104 | 90.6 (6) |
C15—C14—H14 | 119.9 | F101—P101—F103 | 178.0 (7) |
C14—C15—C16 | 121.0 (5) | F104—P101—F103 | 88.0 (5) |
C14—C15—H15 | 119.5 | F101—P101—F102 | 92.9 (7) |
C16—C15—H15 | 119.5 | F104—P101—F102 | 91.4 (6) |
C15—C16—C11 | 117.8 (4) | F103—P101—F102 | 88.5 (6) |
C15—C16—H16 | 121.1 | F101—P101—F106 | 91.5 (5) |
C11—C16—H16 | 121.1 | F104—P101—F106 | 177.6 (8) |
C1—N1—C5 | 115.8 (3) | F103—P101—F106 | 89.9 (6) |
C1—N1—Ru1 | 124.2 (3) | F102—P101—F106 | 89.7 (6) |
C5—N1—Ru1 | 119.9 (3) | F101—P101—F105 | 89.0 (5) |
C9—N2—C8 | 120.5 (4) | F104—P101—F105 | 90.0 (6) |
C9—N2—C11 | 118.8 (4) | F103—P101—F105 | 89.6 (6) |
C8—N2—C11 | 120.7 (4) | F102—P101—F105 | 177.6 (7) |
N21—C21—C22 | 122.1 (4) | F106—P101—F105 | 88.8 (6) |
N21—C21—H21 | 118.9 | F13—P11—F14 | 91.6 (4) |
C22—C21—H21 | 118.9 | F13—P11—F11 | 177.1 (6) |
C23—C22—C21 | 120.1 (5) | F14—P11—F11 | 91.3 (5) |
C23—C22—H22 | 120.0 | F13—P11—F15 | 90.8 (4) |
C21—C22—H22 | 120.0 | F14—P11—F15 | 90.1 (4) |
C22—C23—C24 | 118.5 (4) | F11—P11—F15 | 89.2 (4) |
C22—C23—H23 | 120.8 | F13—P11—F12 | 90.4 (6) |
C24—C23—H23 | 120.8 | F14—P11—F12 | 90.2 (6) |
C23—C24—C25 | 120.2 (4) | F11—P11—F12 | 89.5 (6) |
C23—C24—H24 | 119.9 | F15—P11—F12 | 178.7 (7) |
C25—C24—H24 | 119.9 | F13—P11—F16 | 89.4 (4) |
N21—C25—C24 | 120.7 (4) | F14—P11—F16 | 178.9 (5) |
N21—C25—C26 | 114.8 (4) | F11—P11—F16 | 87.7 (4) |
C24—C25—C26 | 124.5 (4) | F15—P11—F16 | 90.0 (3) |
N22—C26—C27 | 121.0 (4) | F12—P11—F16 | 89.7 (6) |
N22—C26—C25 | 114.7 (4) | F111—P111—F113 | 176.8 (8) |
C27—C26—C25 | 124.3 (4) | F111—P111—F114 | 88.2 (7) |
C28—C27—C26 | 119.4 (4) | F113—P111—F114 | 88.9 (5) |
C28—C27—H27 | 120.3 | F111—P111—F116 | 93.6 (8) |
C26—C27—H27 | 120.3 | F113—P111—F116 | 89.3 (6) |
C29—C28—C27 | 119.8 (4) | F114—P111—F116 | 178.2 (7) |
C29—C28—H28 | 120.1 | F111—P111—F115 | 91.7 (7) |
C27—C28—H28 | 120.1 | F113—P111—F115 | 89.7 (5) |
C28—C29—C30 | 118.4 (4) | F114—P111—F115 | 90.9 (5) |
C28—C29—H29 | 120.8 | F116—P111—F115 | 89.2 (6) |
C30—C29—H29 | 120.8 | F111—P111—F112 | 89.6 (10) |
N22—C30—C29 | 123.4 (4) | F113—P111—F112 | 89.0 (9) |
N22—C30—H30 | 118.3 | F114—P111—F112 | 90.0 (9) |
C29—C30—H30 | 118.3 | F116—P111—F112 | 89.9 (9) |
C21—N21—C25 | 118.4 (4) | F115—P111—F112 | 178.4 (10) |
C21—N21—Ru1 | 126.6 (3) |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the EPSRC for funding crystallographic facilities and for a postdoctoral grant (GR/R81459).
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