metal-organic compounds
A monoclinic polymorph of dichlorobis(cyanoguanidine)zinc(II)
aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland
*Correspondence e-mail: w.harrison@abdn.ac.uk
The molecular title compound, β-[ZnCl2(C2H4N4)2], crytallizes as a monoclinic polymorph of the known triclinic structure of this material. A complex network of N—H⋯N and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds help to establish the crystal packing.
Comment
The title compound, (I) (Fig. 1), crystallizes as a monoclinic polymorph (space group P21/c) of the known triclinic structure (hereafter known as the α polymorph) of this material (Pickardt & Kuhn, 1995). Polymorph (I) contains isolated [ZnCl2(C2H4N4)2] molecules, with the Zn2+ cations coordinated by two chloride ions and two cyanide N atoms of the cyanoguanidine ligands. The geometries of the zinc ions in (I) (Table 1) and in the α polymorph [Zn—N = 1.975 (6) and 1.977 (5)Å; Zn—Cl = 2.236 (2) and 2.2565 (17)Å] are very similar. There are no significant differences in the geometries of the organic groups in the two structures. Slight differences arise in terms of the orientation of the guanidine `arms' of the ligands. In (I), the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the C2/N2/N3/N3 and C4/N6/N7/N8 groupings is 27.7 (2)°. The equivalent value of 42.7 (5)° for the α polymorph shows that these two groupings are significantly more twisted in the triclinic polymorph (data calculated with PLATON; Spek, 2003).
As well as interact by way of N—H⋯N and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds (Table 2) of varied lengths and strengths. The N—H⋯N bonds link the molecules into [100] stacks of dimers and the N—H⋯Cl bonds crosslink the [100] columns into a three-dimensional network (Fig. 2). Unfortunately, some of the H-atom positions in the α polymorph appear to be incorrect, so a detailed comparison of the hydrogen bonding in the two structures is not possible.
the molecules of (I)Other compounds with the stoichiometry [M(C2H4N4)2X2] (M = divalent metal cation and X = halide) include [Cd(C2H4N4)2I2] (Chiesi Villa et al., 1974) and [Cd(C2H4N4)2Br2] (Pickardt & Kuhn, 1996). Neither of these shares a structure with the zinc compounds discussed here. The iodide is molecular (space group Pbcn), whereas the bromide is polymeric, via Cd—(Br,Br)—Cd bridges.
Experimental
The following solutions were mixed at 293 K in a Petri dish, resulting in a colourless mixture: 10 ml of 0.1 M cyanoguanidine, 1 ml of 1 M ZnCl2 and 1 ml of dilute HCl. Colourless rods and bars of (I) grew over the course of a few days as the water evaporated at 293 K.
Crystal data
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Refinement
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The H atoms were placed in idealized positions (N—H = 0.86Å) and refined as riding with the constraint Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N) applied.
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1999); cell SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 1999); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536805028916/cf6454sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536805028916/cf6454Isup2.hkl
The following solutions were mixed at 293 K in a Petri dish, resulting in a colourless mixture: 10 ml of 0.1 M cyanoguanidine, 1 ml of 1 M ZnCl2 and 1 ml of dilute HCl. Colourless rods and bars of (I) grew over the course of a few days as the water evaporated at 293 K.
The H atoms were placed in idealized positions (N—H = 0.86 Å) and refined as riding with the constraint Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N) applied.
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1999); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 1999); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I), showing 50% displacement ellipsoids (H atoms are drawn as spheres of arbitrary radius). | |
Fig. 2. [100] projection of the packing in (I), with the ZnN2Cl2 groupings represented by polyhedra. Colour key: C black, H white, N blue, and Cl green. The H···N and H···Cl portions of the hydrogen bonds are highlighted in yellow and green, respectively. |
[CnCl2(C4H8N8)] | F(000) = 608 |
Mr = 304.45 | Dx = 1.814 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 2094 reflections |
a = 4.9315 (3) Å | θ = 2.6–26.8° |
b = 14.6161 (10) Å | µ = 2.66 mm−1 |
c = 15.5026 (11) Å | T = 293 K |
β = 93.928 (2)° | Bar, colourless |
V = 1114.79 (13) Å3 | 0.31 × 0.08 × 0.02 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker SMART1000 CCD diffractometer | 2444 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1610 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.051 |
ω scans | θmax = 27.0°, θmin = 1.9° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1999) | h = −6→6 |
Tmin = 0.495, Tmax = 0.950 | k = −18→13 |
7331 measured reflections | l = −19→19 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.077 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.91 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0345P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2444 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
136 parameters | Δρmax = 0.38 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.34 e Å−3 |
[CnCl2(C4H8N8)] | V = 1114.79 (13) Å3 |
Mr = 304.45 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 4.9315 (3) Å | µ = 2.66 mm−1 |
b = 14.6161 (10) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 15.5026 (11) Å | 0.31 × 0.08 × 0.02 mm |
β = 93.928 (2)° |
Bruker SMART1000 CCD diffractometer | 2444 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1999) | 1610 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.495, Tmax = 0.950 | Rint = 0.051 |
7331 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.077 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.91 | Δρmax = 0.38 e Å−3 |
2444 reflections | Δρmin = −0.34 e Å−3 |
136 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Zn1 | 0.57190 (7) | 0.26684 (3) | 0.41448 (2) | 0.03114 (12) | |
Cl1 | 0.77571 (18) | 0.35115 (6) | 0.31465 (5) | 0.0421 (2) | |
Cl2 | 0.35476 (17) | 0.35081 (7) | 0.50813 (6) | 0.0427 (2) | |
N1 | 0.8270 (5) | 0.1795 (2) | 0.47356 (17) | 0.0377 (7) | |
C1 | 1.0125 (7) | 0.1372 (2) | 0.4988 (2) | 0.0305 (7) | |
N2 | 1.2201 (5) | 0.0859 (2) | 0.52099 (17) | 0.0358 (7) | |
C2 | 1.3399 (7) | 0.0944 (2) | 0.6013 (2) | 0.0324 (8) | |
N3 | 1.2696 (6) | 0.1547 (2) | 0.65774 (19) | 0.0515 (9) | |
H1 | 1.3542 | 0.1569 | 0.7081 | 0.062* | |
H2 | 1.1387 | 0.1921 | 0.6446 | 0.062* | |
N4 | 1.5405 (6) | 0.0377 (2) | 0.62248 (18) | 0.0463 (8) | |
H3 | 1.6237 | 0.0405 | 0.6730 | 0.056* | |
H4 | 1.5885 | −0.0023 | 0.5858 | 0.056* | |
N5 | 0.3319 (6) | 0.1889 (2) | 0.33726 (18) | 0.0390 (7) | |
C3 | 0.2135 (7) | 0.1398 (2) | 0.2928 (2) | 0.0328 (8) | |
N6 | 0.1010 (6) | 0.0754 (2) | 0.2464 (2) | 0.0501 (9) | |
C4 | −0.0951 (7) | 0.0945 (3) | 0.1849 (2) | 0.0374 (8) | |
N7 | −0.2052 (6) | 0.1752 (2) | 0.17497 (18) | 0.0440 (8) | |
H5 | −0.3277 | 0.1847 | 0.1338 | 0.053* | |
H6 | −0.1555 | 0.2189 | 0.2097 | 0.053* | |
N8 | −0.1731 (7) | 0.0286 (2) | 0.1315 (2) | 0.0587 (10) | |
H7 | −0.2957 | 0.0388 | 0.0905 | 0.070* | |
H8 | −0.1016 | −0.0249 | 0.1375 | 0.070* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Zn1 | 0.0351 (2) | 0.0310 (2) | 0.02591 (19) | 0.00114 (19) | −0.00776 (14) | 0.00054 (18) |
Cl1 | 0.0544 (5) | 0.0371 (6) | 0.0336 (5) | −0.0095 (4) | −0.0057 (4) | 0.0064 (4) |
Cl2 | 0.0458 (5) | 0.0462 (6) | 0.0349 (5) | 0.0078 (4) | −0.0073 (4) | −0.0088 (4) |
N1 | 0.0362 (15) | 0.0371 (19) | 0.0380 (16) | 0.0058 (14) | −0.0092 (13) | 0.0066 (14) |
C1 | 0.0336 (17) | 0.033 (2) | 0.0238 (16) | −0.0042 (15) | −0.0018 (14) | 0.0007 (14) |
N2 | 0.0376 (15) | 0.0360 (18) | 0.0323 (15) | 0.0105 (13) | −0.0083 (12) | −0.0020 (13) |
C2 | 0.0345 (16) | 0.033 (2) | 0.0289 (17) | 0.0001 (15) | −0.0026 (14) | 0.0023 (15) |
N3 | 0.0550 (18) | 0.063 (3) | 0.0347 (17) | 0.0247 (17) | −0.0107 (15) | −0.0110 (16) |
N4 | 0.0561 (18) | 0.044 (2) | 0.0356 (17) | 0.0196 (16) | −0.0203 (14) | −0.0042 (14) |
N5 | 0.0400 (15) | 0.040 (2) | 0.0350 (16) | −0.0022 (14) | −0.0094 (13) | −0.0020 (14) |
C3 | 0.0372 (17) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0291 (17) | 0.0031 (15) | −0.0086 (15) | 0.0076 (15) |
N6 | 0.065 (2) | 0.0292 (19) | 0.0513 (19) | 0.0025 (15) | −0.0324 (17) | −0.0066 (15) |
C4 | 0.0428 (19) | 0.034 (2) | 0.0335 (18) | −0.0035 (16) | −0.0102 (16) | −0.0018 (16) |
N7 | 0.0536 (17) | 0.038 (2) | 0.0375 (17) | 0.0079 (15) | −0.0196 (14) | −0.0067 (14) |
N8 | 0.072 (2) | 0.037 (2) | 0.061 (2) | 0.0068 (17) | −0.0378 (19) | −0.0153 (17) |
Zn1—N1 | 1.974 (3) | N4—H3 | 0.860 |
Zn1—N5 | 1.984 (3) | N4—H4 | 0.860 |
Zn1—Cl2 | 2.2302 (10) | N5—C3 | 1.130 (4) |
Zn1—Cl1 | 2.2664 (10) | C3—N6 | 1.287 (4) |
N1—C1 | 1.150 (4) | N6—C4 | 1.340 (4) |
C1—N2 | 1.296 (4) | C4—N7 | 1.303 (5) |
N2—C2 | 1.347 (4) | C4—N8 | 1.310 (4) |
C2—N3 | 1.305 (4) | N7—H5 | 0.860 |
C2—N4 | 1.315 (4) | N7—H6 | 0.860 |
N3—H1 | 0.860 | N8—H7 | 0.860 |
N3—H2 | 0.860 | N8—H8 | 0.860 |
N1—Zn1—N5 | 104.10 (13) | C2—N4—H3 | 120.0 |
N1—Zn1—Cl2 | 111.92 (9) | C2—N4—H4 | 120.0 |
N5—Zn1—Cl2 | 114.55 (9) | H3—N4—H4 | 120.0 |
N1—Zn1—Cl1 | 111.74 (9) | C3—N5—Zn1 | 174.2 (3) |
N5—Zn1—Cl1 | 100.03 (9) | N5—C3—N6 | 172.2 (4) |
Cl2—Zn1—Cl1 | 113.61 (4) | C3—N6—C4 | 120.5 (3) |
C1—N1—Zn1 | 166.5 (3) | N7—C4—N8 | 119.3 (3) |
N1—C1—N2 | 175.1 (4) | N7—C4—N6 | 123.1 (3) |
C1—N2—C2 | 118.7 (3) | N8—C4—N6 | 117.5 (3) |
N3—C2—N4 | 119.2 (3) | C4—N7—H5 | 120.0 |
N3—C2—N2 | 124.2 (3) | C4—N7—H6 | 120.0 |
N4—C2—N2 | 116.5 (3) | H5—N7—H6 | 120.0 |
C2—N3—H1 | 120.0 | C4—N8—H7 | 120.0 |
C2—N3—H2 | 120.0 | C4—N8—H8 | 120.0 |
H1—N3—H2 | 120.0 | H7—N8—H8 | 120.0 |
N5—Zn1—N1—C1 | 112.9 (12) | C1—N2—C2—N3 | −3.6 (5) |
Cl2—Zn1—N1—C1 | −122.8 (12) | C1—N2—C2—N4 | 176.5 (3) |
Cl1—Zn1—N1—C1 | 5.9 (13) | C3—N6—C4—N8 | 170.1 (4) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H3···N6i | 0.86 | 2.46 | 3.082 (4) | 130 |
N4—H4···N2ii | 0.86 | 2.31 | 3.156 (4) | 168 |
N3—H1···Cl1iii | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.365 (3) | 155 |
N4—H3···Cl1iii | 0.86 | 2.77 | 3.520 (3) | 147 |
N7—H5···Cl2iv | 0.86 | 2.47 | 3.282 (3) | 158 |
N7—H6···Cl1v | 0.86 | 2.56 | 3.368 (3) | 156 |
N8—H7···Cl2iv | 0.86 | 2.63 | 3.402 (3) | 151 |
N8—H8···Cl1vi | 0.86 | 2.50 | 3.322 (3) | 160 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+3, −y, −z+1; (iii) x+1, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (iv) x−1, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (v) x−1, y, z; (vi) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [CnCl2(C4H8N8)] |
Mr | 304.45 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 293 |
a, b, c (Å) | 4.9315 (3), 14.6161 (10), 15.5026 (11) |
β (°) | 93.928 (2) |
V (Å3) | 1114.79 (13) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 2.66 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.31 × 0.08 × 0.02 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART1000 CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1999) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.495, 0.950 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 7331, 2444, 1610 |
Rint | 0.051 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.639 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.035, 0.077, 0.91 |
No. of reflections | 2444 |
No. of parameters | 136 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.38, −0.34 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1999), SAINT (Bruker, 1999), SAINT, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997), SHELXL97.
Zn1—N1 | 1.974 (3) | Zn1—Cl2 | 2.2302 (10) |
Zn1—N5 | 1.984 (3) | Zn1—Cl1 | 2.2664 (10) |
C1—N1—Zn1 | 166.5 (3) | C3—N5—Zn1 | 174.2 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H3···N6i | 0.86 | 2.46 | 3.082 (4) | 130 |
N4—H4···N2ii | 0.86 | 2.31 | 3.156 (4) | 168 |
N3—H1···Cl1iii | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.365 (3) | 155 |
N4—H3···Cl1iii | 0.86 | 2.77 | 3.520 (3) | 147 |
N7—H5···Cl2iv | 0.86 | 2.47 | 3.282 (3) | 158 |
N7—H6···Cl1v | 0.86 | 2.56 | 3.368 (3) | 156 |
N8—H7···Cl2iv | 0.86 | 2.63 | 3.402 (3) | 151 |
N8—H8···Cl1vi | 0.86 | 2.50 | 3.322 (3) | 160 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+3, −y, −z+1; (iii) x+1, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (iv) x−1, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (v) x−1, y, z; (vi) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
References
Bruker (1999). SMART (Version 5.624), SAINT-Plus (Version 6.02A) and SADABS (Version 2.03). Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Chiesi Villa, A., Coghi, L., Manfredotti, A. G. & Guastini, C. (1974). Cryst. Struct. Commun. 3, 739–742. CAS Google Scholar
Farrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565. CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Pickardt, J. & Kuhn, B. (1995). Z. Kristallogr. 210, 901–901,. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Pickardt, J. & Kuhn, B. (1996). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 51, 1701–1706. CAS Google Scholar
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Spek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7–13. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
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The title compound, (I) (Fig. 1), crystallizes as a monoclinic polymorph (space group P21/c) of the known triclinic structure (hereafter known as the α polymorph) of this material (Pickardt & Kuhn, 1995). Polymorph (I) contains isolated [ZnCl2(C2H4N4)2] molecules, with the Zn2+ cations coordinated by two chloride ions and two cyanide N atoms of the cyanoguanidine ligands. The geometries of the zinc ions in (I) (Table 1) and in the α polymorph [Zn—N = 1.975 (6) and 1.977 (5) Å; Zn—Cl = 2.236 (2) and 2.2565 (17) Å] are very similar. There are no significant differences in the geometries of the organic groups in the two structures. Slight differences arise in terms of the orientation of the guanidine `arms' of the ligands. In (I), the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the C2/N2/N3/N3 and C4/N6/N7/N8 groupings is 27.7 (2)°. The equivalent value of 42.7 (5)° for the α polymorph shows that these two groupings are significantly more twisted in the triclinic polymorph (data calculated with PLATON; Spek, 2003).
As well as van der Waals forces, the molecules of (I) interact by way of N—H···N and N—H···Cl hydrogen bonds (Table 2) of varied lengths and strengths. The N—H···N bonds link the molecules into [100] stacks of dimers and the N—H···Cl bonds crosslink the [100] columns into a three-dimensional network (Fig. 2). Unfortunately, some of the H-atom positions in the α polymorph appear to be incorrect, so a detailed comparison of the hydrogen bonding in the two structures is not possible.
Other compounds with the stoichiometry M(C2H4N4)2X2 (M = divalent metal cation and X = halide) include Cd(C2H4N4)2I2 (Chiesi Villa et al., 1974) and Cd(C2H4N4)2Br2 (Pickardt & Kuhn, 1996). Neither of these shares a structure with the zinc compounds discussed here. The iodide is molecular (space group Pbcn), whereas the bromide is polymeric, via Cd—(Br,Br)—Cd bridges.