organic compounds
Isopropyl 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetate
aDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan, and bDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: aminbadshah@yahoo.com
In the title compound, C17H17Cl2NO2, the NH group exhibits an intramolecular hydrogen bond to the carbonyl O atom and no intermolecular hydrogen bonding, in contrast with previous studies. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 58.57 (5)°. The ester group is planar, the greatest deviation from planarity being 0.0135 (11) Å for the ether O atom.
Related literature
For related literature, see: Abo-Ghalia et al. (1999); Alvarez-Larena et al. (1992); Corell et al. (1979); Evens (1979); Kass (1982); Lipka (1978, 1980); Moser et al. (1990); Robinson (1977); Scherrer & Whitehouse (1974).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection
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Refinement
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Data collection: CrystalClear (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2001); cell CrystalClear; data reduction: TEXSAN (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and TEXSAN.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807065154/ez2110sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807065154/ez2110Isup2.hkl
Diclofenac sodium (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (1.0 g, 7.2 mmol) were added to dry acetone (30 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. Neat isopropyl iodide (0.785 ml, 7.83 mmol) in excess was then added and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 6 h. The reaction mixture was filtered when hot. The resultant cakes were washed with dry acetone 5 × 2 ml. The combined filtrate and washings were evaporated under reduced pressure to afford compound (I) as an oily material which solidified after 5 d at room temperature (70% yield). Melting point 363–366 K. Block-shaped single crystals were obtained by recrystallization from acetone.
The H atom on the N atom was refined isotropically. Other H atoms were placed in idealized positions and treated as riding atoms with the C—H distance in the range 0.95–0.99 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl).
The anti-phlogistic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]-phenylacetic acid, common name diclofenac, is a potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. It therapeutically interferes with the arachidonic acid cascade prior to the biosynthesis of the inflammatory
Consequently, the drug has a universal anti-phlogistic potency represented by generalized anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic and analgesic characteristics (Robinson, 1977; Kass, 1982; Evens, 1979; Scherrer & Whitehouse, 1974). However, several undesired side effects of the drug, particularly its ulcerogenicity, frequently restrict its remedial recommendation and it is contra-indicated for patients with a high risk of gastro-intestinal ulcers (Corell et al., 1979). New non-proteinogenic amino acid conjugates of diclofenac have been synthesized and biologically screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activity in rats (Abo-Ghalia et al., 1999). We are interested in the synthesis of more potent, less ulcerogenic drugs that hopefully replace diclofenac, and present here the of the title compound (I).The bond lengths and angles in (I) are normal for this kind of molecule (Lipka, 1978, 1980; Moser et al.; 1990). The bond angles C(6)—N(1)—H(1) and C(7)—N(1)—H(1) are both 113.0 (1)°. The bond length N(1)—C(7) [1.418 (2) Å] is larger than N(1)—C(6) [1.393 (2) Å] suggesting a greater delocalization of the N lone pair toward the chlorinated ring. The bond lengths C(14)—O(1) [1.209 (2) Å] and C(14)—O(2) [1.333 (2) Å] indicate double and partial double bond character, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 58.57 (5)°. The N(1)—H(1) is involved in intramolecular H-bonding to the carbonylic O(1) (Alvarez-Larena et al.; 1992).
For related literature, see: Abo-Ghalia et al. (1999); Alvarez-Larena et al. (1992); Corell et al. (1979); Evens (1979); Kass (1982); Lipka (1978, 1980); Moser et al. (1990); Robinson (1977); Scherrer & Whitehouse (1974).
Data collection: CrystalClear (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2001); cell
CrystalClear; data reduction: TEXSAN (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and TEXSAN.Fig. 1. Molecular structure of (I) showing atom-labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids at the 30% probability level. The intramolecular hydrogen bond is shown by a dashed line. |
C17H17Cl2NO2 | F(000) = 704 |
Mr = 338.22 | Dx = 1.398 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Melting point: 363 K |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71070 Å |
a = 17.548 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 4977 reflections |
b = 9.443 (3) Å | θ = 3.0–27.5° |
c = 9.719 (3) Å | µ = 0.41 mm−1 |
β = 93.959 (4)° | T = 123 K |
V = 1606.7 (9) Å3 | Block, colorless |
Z = 4 | 0.45 × 0.25 × 0.15 mm |
Rigaku/MSC Mercury CCD diffractometer | 3428 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.061 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.0° |
Detector resolution: 14.62 pixels mm-1 | h = −16→22 |
ω scans | k = −12→12 |
12744 measured reflections | l = −11→12 |
3670 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.038 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.10 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0391P)2 + 0.7365P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3670 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
205 parameters | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
C17H17Cl2NO2 | V = 1606.7 (9) Å3 |
Mr = 338.22 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 17.548 (6) Å | µ = 0.41 mm−1 |
b = 9.443 (3) Å | T = 123 K |
c = 9.719 (3) Å | 0.45 × 0.25 × 0.15 mm |
β = 93.959 (4)° |
Rigaku/MSC Mercury CCD diffractometer | 3428 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
12744 measured reflections | Rint = 0.061 |
3670 independent reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.038 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.093 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.10 | Δρmax = 0.31 e Å−3 |
3670 reflections | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
205 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.20829 (8) | 0.00238 (14) | 0.81278 (14) | 0.0176 (3) | |
H1 | 0.2551 (14) | −0.036 (2) | 0.822 (2) | 0.041 (6)* | |
C1 | 0.15347 (8) | −0.07425 (15) | 0.87884 (15) | 0.0150 (3) | |
C2 | 0.07450 (9) | −0.06102 (15) | 0.84548 (15) | 0.0152 (3) | |
C3 | 0.02096 (9) | −0.13894 (16) | 0.91175 (16) | 0.0178 (3) | |
H3 | −0.0320 | −0.1244 | 0.8893 | 0.021* | |
C4 | 0.04477 (9) | −0.23810 (16) | 1.01071 (16) | 0.0192 (3) | |
H4 | 0.0083 | −0.2903 | 1.0577 | 0.023* | |
C5 | 0.12211 (9) | −0.26066 (17) | 1.04063 (16) | 0.0188 (3) | |
H5 | 0.1390 | −0.3313 | 1.1053 | 0.023* | |
C6 | 0.17464 (8) | −0.17985 (16) | 0.97592 (15) | 0.0158 (3) | |
Cl1 | 0.04071 (2) | 0.05250 (4) | 0.71474 (4) | 0.01864 (11) | |
Cl2 | 0.27143 (2) | −0.21169 (4) | 1.01691 (4) | 0.02223 (11) | |
C7 | 0.20896 (8) | 0.15202 (16) | 0.80276 (15) | 0.0163 (3) | |
C8 | 0.16317 (9) | 0.23666 (17) | 0.88131 (16) | 0.0185 (3) | |
H8 | 0.1321 | 0.1938 | 0.9459 | 0.022* | |
C9 | 0.16256 (9) | 0.38265 (17) | 0.86589 (17) | 0.0214 (3) | |
H9 | 0.1306 | 0.4390 | 0.9189 | 0.026* | |
C10 | 0.20854 (10) | 0.44656 (17) | 0.77316 (17) | 0.0233 (3) | |
H10 | 0.2079 | 0.5465 | 0.7616 | 0.028* | |
C11 | 0.25537 (9) | 0.36304 (17) | 0.69773 (16) | 0.0214 (3) | |
H11 | 0.2874 | 0.4071 | 0.6355 | 0.026* | |
C12 | 0.25671 (9) | 0.21573 (16) | 0.71063 (15) | 0.0172 (3) | |
C13 | 0.30776 (9) | 0.12827 (18) | 0.62396 (16) | 0.0201 (3) | |
H13A | 0.2779 | 0.0492 | 0.5806 | 0.024* | |
H13B | 0.3262 | 0.1880 | 0.5494 | 0.024* | |
C14 | 0.37563 (9) | 0.06929 (17) | 0.71054 (17) | 0.0211 (3) | |
O1 | 0.37023 (7) | −0.01740 (15) | 0.80056 (15) | 0.0362 (3) | |
O2 | 0.44207 (6) | 0.12335 (12) | 0.67675 (11) | 0.0209 (2) | |
C15 | 0.51089 (9) | 0.07400 (18) | 0.75893 (17) | 0.0225 (3) | |
H15 | 0.5055 | −0.0287 | 0.7814 | 0.027* | |
C16 | 0.52004 (11) | 0.1592 (2) | 0.89044 (19) | 0.0337 (4) | |
H16A | 0.5287 | 0.2588 | 0.8681 | 0.051* | |
H16B | 0.5638 | 0.1231 | 0.9482 | 0.051* | |
H16C | 0.4736 | 0.1509 | 0.9404 | 0.051* | |
C17 | 0.57594 (10) | 0.0941 (3) | 0.6674 (2) | 0.0390 (5) | |
H17A | 0.5659 | 0.0396 | 0.5822 | 0.059* | |
H17B | 0.6236 | 0.0611 | 0.7155 | 0.059* | |
H17C | 0.5806 | 0.1948 | 0.6448 | 0.059* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0136 (6) | 0.0152 (6) | 0.0242 (7) | 0.0011 (5) | 0.0032 (5) | 0.0029 (5) |
C1 | 0.0168 (7) | 0.0137 (7) | 0.0148 (7) | −0.0001 (5) | 0.0019 (5) | −0.0018 (5) |
C2 | 0.0168 (7) | 0.0130 (7) | 0.0156 (7) | 0.0017 (5) | −0.0004 (5) | −0.0017 (5) |
C3 | 0.0141 (7) | 0.0179 (7) | 0.0213 (7) | −0.0011 (6) | 0.0013 (6) | −0.0042 (6) |
C4 | 0.0203 (8) | 0.0180 (7) | 0.0195 (7) | −0.0039 (6) | 0.0039 (6) | −0.0009 (6) |
C5 | 0.0234 (8) | 0.0165 (7) | 0.0163 (7) | 0.0000 (6) | 0.0005 (6) | 0.0007 (6) |
C6 | 0.0134 (7) | 0.0171 (7) | 0.0165 (7) | 0.0015 (6) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0023 (6) |
Cl1 | 0.01741 (19) | 0.01788 (18) | 0.02003 (19) | 0.00138 (13) | −0.00299 (13) | 0.00181 (13) |
Cl2 | 0.01558 (19) | 0.0220 (2) | 0.0285 (2) | 0.00267 (14) | −0.00263 (14) | 0.00416 (15) |
C7 | 0.0132 (7) | 0.0175 (7) | 0.0174 (7) | −0.0012 (6) | −0.0041 (5) | 0.0022 (6) |
C8 | 0.0158 (7) | 0.0205 (7) | 0.0189 (7) | −0.0024 (6) | −0.0016 (6) | −0.0004 (6) |
C9 | 0.0195 (8) | 0.0204 (7) | 0.0235 (8) | 0.0015 (6) | −0.0052 (6) | −0.0043 (6) |
C10 | 0.0270 (9) | 0.0158 (7) | 0.0258 (8) | −0.0025 (6) | −0.0069 (7) | 0.0021 (6) |
C11 | 0.0211 (8) | 0.0218 (8) | 0.0207 (8) | −0.0054 (6) | −0.0043 (6) | 0.0053 (6) |
C12 | 0.0135 (7) | 0.0219 (8) | 0.0157 (7) | −0.0011 (6) | −0.0034 (5) | 0.0022 (6) |
C13 | 0.0151 (7) | 0.0260 (8) | 0.0191 (7) | −0.0005 (6) | 0.0013 (6) | 0.0042 (6) |
C14 | 0.0158 (7) | 0.0252 (8) | 0.0224 (8) | −0.0001 (6) | 0.0022 (6) | 0.0021 (6) |
O1 | 0.0168 (6) | 0.0452 (8) | 0.0467 (8) | 0.0018 (6) | 0.0022 (5) | 0.0264 (7) |
O2 | 0.0131 (5) | 0.0285 (6) | 0.0207 (6) | −0.0007 (4) | −0.0005 (4) | 0.0053 (5) |
C15 | 0.0133 (8) | 0.0284 (8) | 0.0252 (8) | 0.0000 (6) | −0.0037 (6) | 0.0064 (7) |
C16 | 0.0332 (10) | 0.0355 (10) | 0.0307 (10) | −0.0012 (8) | −0.0100 (8) | 0.0013 (8) |
C17 | 0.0145 (8) | 0.0663 (14) | 0.0363 (10) | 0.0045 (9) | 0.0022 (7) | 0.0140 (10) |
N1—C1 | 1.3952 (19) | C10—C11 | 1.385 (2) |
N1—C7 | 1.416 (2) | C10—H10 | 0.9500 |
N1—H1 | 0.90 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.397 (2) |
C1—C6 | 1.405 (2) | C11—H11 | 0.9500 |
C1—C2 | 1.407 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.516 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.387 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.516 (2) |
C2—Cl1 | 1.7354 (15) | C13—H13A | 0.9900 |
C3—C4 | 1.386 (2) | C13—H13B | 0.9900 |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C14—O1 | 1.207 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.385 (2) | C14—O2 | 1.3344 (19) |
C4—H4 | 0.9500 | O2—C15 | 1.4766 (19) |
C5—C6 | 1.381 (2) | C15—C17 | 1.507 (2) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C15—C16 | 1.509 (3) |
C6—Cl2 | 1.7438 (16) | C15—H15 | 1.0000 |
C7—C8 | 1.397 (2) | C16—H16A | 0.9800 |
C7—C12 | 1.403 (2) | C16—H16B | 0.9800 |
C8—C9 | 1.387 (2) | C16—H16C | 0.9800 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C17—H17A | 0.9800 |
C9—C10 | 1.388 (2) | C17—H17B | 0.9800 |
C9—H9 | 0.9500 | C17—H17C | 0.9800 |
C1—N1—C7 | 123.94 (13) | C10—C11—H11 | 119.1 |
C1—N1—H1 | 113.5 (15) | C12—C11—H11 | 119.1 |
C7—N1—H1 | 113.6 (15) | C11—C12—C7 | 118.50 (14) |
N1—C1—C6 | 121.23 (14) | C11—C12—C13 | 119.98 (14) |
N1—C1—C2 | 123.19 (14) | C7—C12—C13 | 121.51 (14) |
C6—C1—C2 | 115.36 (13) | C14—C13—C12 | 111.31 (13) |
C3—C2—C1 | 122.29 (14) | C14—C13—H13A | 109.4 |
C3—C2—Cl1 | 117.36 (12) | C12—C13—H13A | 109.4 |
C1—C2—Cl1 | 120.33 (11) | C14—C13—H13B | 109.4 |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.96 (14) | C12—C13—H13B | 109.4 |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.0 | H13A—C13—H13B | 108.0 |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.0 | O1—C14—O2 | 123.47 (15) |
C5—C4—C3 | 119.59 (14) | O1—C14—C13 | 123.62 (15) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.2 | O2—C14—C13 | 112.90 (13) |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.2 | C14—O2—C15 | 116.23 (12) |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.65 (14) | O2—C15—C17 | 105.38 (14) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.2 | O2—C15—C16 | 108.97 (14) |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.2 | C17—C15—C16 | 113.10 (16) |
C5—C6—C1 | 122.97 (14) | O2—C15—H15 | 109.8 |
C5—C6—Cl2 | 118.09 (12) | C17—C15—H15 | 109.8 |
C1—C6—Cl2 | 118.94 (12) | C16—C15—H15 | 109.8 |
C8—C7—C12 | 119.65 (14) | C15—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
C8—C7—N1 | 121.69 (14) | C15—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C12—C7—N1 | 118.66 (14) | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C9—C8—C7 | 120.67 (15) | C15—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C9—C8—H8 | 119.7 | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—H8 | 119.7 | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 120.12 (15) | C15—C17—H17A | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9 | 119.9 | C15—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C10—C9—H9 | 119.9 | H17A—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 119.25 (15) | C15—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C11—C10—H10 | 120.4 | H17A—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C9—C10—H10 | 120.4 | H17B—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C10—C11—C12 | 121.78 (15) | ||
C7—N1—C1—C6 | −130.59 (16) | N1—C7—C8—C9 | −177.48 (14) |
C7—N1—C1—C2 | 55.1 (2) | C7—C8—C9—C10 | −0.9 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 179.53 (14) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | −0.7 (2) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 4.9 (2) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | 1.1 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—Cl1 | 1.1 (2) | C10—C11—C12—C7 | 0.1 (2) |
C6—C1—C2—Cl1 | −173.52 (11) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | 178.82 (14) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −2.7 (2) | C8—C7—C12—C11 | −1.7 (2) |
Cl1—C2—C3—C4 | 175.78 (12) | N1—C7—C12—C11 | 177.93 (13) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −1.3 (2) | C8—C7—C12—C13 | 179.61 (13) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 2.8 (2) | N1—C7—C12—C13 | −0.8 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.3 (2) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 107.44 (16) |
C4—C5—C6—Cl2 | 179.91 (12) | C7—C12—C13—C14 | −73.86 (18) |
N1—C1—C6—C5 | −178.14 (14) | C12—C13—C14—O1 | 66.2 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −3.4 (2) | C12—C13—C14—O2 | −113.82 (15) |
N1—C1—C6—Cl2 | 1.62 (19) | O1—C14—O2—C15 | −1.5 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—Cl2 | 176.35 (11) | C13—C14—O2—C15 | 178.45 (13) |
C1—N1—C7—C8 | 12.6 (2) | C14—O2—C15—C17 | 155.43 (15) |
C1—N1—C7—C12 | −166.97 (14) | C14—O2—C15—C16 | −82.92 (17) |
C12—C7—C8—C9 | 2.1 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O1 | 0.90 (2) | 2.05 (2) | 2.859 (2) | 149 (2) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C17H17Cl2NO2 |
Mr | 338.22 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 123 |
a, b, c (Å) | 17.548 (6), 9.443 (3), 9.719 (3) |
β (°) | 93.959 (4) |
V (Å3) | 1606.7 (9) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.41 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.45 × 0.25 × 0.15 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku/MSC Mercury CCD |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 12744, 3670, 3428 |
Rint | 0.061 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.038, 0.093, 1.10 |
No. of reflections | 3670 |
No. of parameters | 205 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.31, −0.32 |
Computer programs: CrystalClear (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2001), CrystalClear, TEXSAN (Molecular Structure Corporation & Rigaku, 2004), SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976), SHELXL97 and TEXSAN.
N1—C1 | 1.3952 (19) | C14—O2 | 1.3344 (19) |
N1—C7 | 1.416 (2) | O2—C15 | 1.4766 (19) |
C14—O1 | 1.207 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···O1 | 0.90 (2) | 2.05 (2) | 2.859 (2) | 149 (2) |
Acknowledgements
MKR is grateful to the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for financial support under the International Support Initiative Program for Pre-doctoral Fellowships at Gifu University, Japan.
References
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The anti-phlogistic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]-phenylacetic acid, common name diclofenac, is a potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. It therapeutically interferes with the arachidonic acid cascade prior to the biosynthesis of the inflammatory prostaglandins. Consequently, the drug has a universal anti-phlogistic potency represented by generalized anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic and analgesic characteristics (Robinson, 1977; Kass, 1982; Evens, 1979; Scherrer & Whitehouse, 1974). However, several undesired side effects of the drug, particularly its ulcerogenicity, frequently restrict its remedial recommendation and it is contra-indicated for patients with a high risk of gastro-intestinal ulcers (Corell et al., 1979). New non-proteinogenic amino acid conjugates of diclofenac have been synthesized and biologically screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activity in rats (Abo-Ghalia et al., 1999). We are interested in the synthesis of more potent, less ulcerogenic drugs that hopefully replace diclofenac, and present here the crystal structure of the title compound (I).
The bond lengths and angles in (I) are normal for this kind of molecule (Lipka, 1978, 1980; Moser et al.; 1990). The bond angles C(6)—N(1)—H(1) and C(7)—N(1)—H(1) are both 113.0 (1)°. The bond length N(1)—C(7) [1.418 (2) Å] is larger than N(1)—C(6) [1.393 (2) Å] suggesting a greater delocalization of the N lone pair toward the chlorinated ring. The bond lengths C(14)—O(1) [1.209 (2) Å] and C(14)—O(2) [1.333 (2) Å] indicate double and partial double bond character, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 58.57 (5)°. The N(1)—H(1) is involved in intramolecular H-bonding to the carbonylic O(1) (Alvarez-Larena et al.; 1992).