metal-organic compounds
Substitutional disorder in a hypervalent diorganotin(IV) dihalide
aFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Str. no. 11, RO-400028, Cluj Napoca, Romania
*Correspondence e-mail: richy@chem.ubbcluj.ro
The structure of bromidochloridobis[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]tin(IV), [SnBr0.65Cl1.35(C9H12N)2], contains two 2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4 units bonded to a Sn atom which lies on a twofold axis. The compound exhibits substitutional disorder of the halide atoms bonded to the Sn, with 1.35 occupancy for Cl and 0.65 for Br; it is isomorphous with the corresponding dichloride. The Sn atom is hexacoordinated with a (C,N)2SnX2 (X = Cl/Br) distorted octahedral core as a result of the strong intramolecular N→Sn coordination trans to the Sn—X bonds (N1—Sn1—X1 = 165.8°). As a result of the intermolecular contacts, viz. H⋯X and H⋯benzene interactions, the molecules are arranged in a three-dimensional supramolecular manner in the crystal structure.
Related literature
For related literature see Varga et al. (2001, 2005, 2006, 2007); Rotar et al. (2007); Emsley (1994); IUPAC (1979).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2007).
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807063386/gd2029sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807063386/gd2029Isup2.hkl
The title compound was isolated as a by-product of the reaction between [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]SnCl2 and [2,6-(Me)2C6H3]MgBr, due to partial halide exchange.
All hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions using a riding model, with C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å and with Uiso= 1.5Ueq (C) for methyl H and Uiso= 1.2Ueq (C) for aryl H. The methyl groups were allowed to rotate but not to tip. The two halide atoms were refined as substitutional disorder between chlorine and bromine, with 1.35 occupancy for Cl and 0.65 occupancy for Br.
During our work on hypervalent organotin(IV) compounds with the [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]Sn fragment (Varga et al., 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, Rotar et al. 2007), the title compound (I) was isolated. It contains two 2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4 units bonded to a tin atom which lies on a twofold axis of the
C2/c. The compound exhibits substitutional disorder of both halide atoms bonded to the Sn with chlorine being the major (1.35) and the bromine the minor (0.65) component.The structure of [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]2SnCl2 was also determined (Varga et al., 2001) and is isomorphous with the title compound. Both have
C2/c; the cell constants as well as the volume differ slightly (0.39% increase for the title compound) as the result of the presence of a different halide in the molecular unit.The molecules of the compound feature a metal atom strongly coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the pendant arms [Sn—N1 = 2.64 (1) Å; the Sn—N distance exceeds the sum of the covalent radii for the corresponding atoms, Σcov(Sn,N) = 2.1 Å (Emsley, 1994)] trans to an Sn–halogen bond (N1—Sn1—X1 = 165.8°). This results in a (C,N)2SnX2 (X = Cl/Br) core in the title compound with a trans-SnC2 fragment, while the N and X atoms are cis positions (Fig. 1). The octahedral geometry around the Sn atom is distorted from the ideal geometry as a consequence of the small 'bite' of the pendant arm ligand [C1—Sn1—N1 = 71.4°] and the steric repulsion between the organic groups bonded to the Sn atoms. All these features are similar to the corresponding dichloride.
As a result of the intramolecular coordination of the nitrogen to the tin atom a five-membered SnC3N ring is formed. This ring is not planar but is folded along the Sn(1)···Cmethylene axis with the N atom out of the best plane defined by the residual SnC3, thus inducing
with the phenyl ring as chiral plane and the nitrogen as pilot atom (IUPAC, 1979). Indeed, the compound crystallizes as a racemate, i.e. a mixture of RN1RN1i and SN1SN1i [symmetry code: (i) 2 - x, y, 0.5 - z].In the crystal of the title compound intermolecular interactions, i.e. hydrogen bond type interactions and H···phenyl interactions (Fig. 2), give rise to a supramolecular array. If only chlorine is considered than layers are built of the same type of isomer [H4···X1ii = 2.87 Å, H3···Cg1ii = 3.19 Å; symmetry code: (ii) -1/2 + x, 1/2 + y, z] along the ab plane (Fig. 3). If bromine is taken into account, than alternating parallel layers of RN1RN1i and SN1SN1i isomers are bridged through weak H6···X1iii [3.02 Å; symmetry code: (iii) 2 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z] interactions resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture (Fig. 4).
For related literature see Varga et al. (2001, 2005, 2006, 2007); Rotar et al. (2007); Emsley (1994); IUPAC (1979).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2000); cell
SMART (Bruker, 2000); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2007).[SnBr0.65Cl1.35(C9H12N)2] | F(000) = 966.8 |
Mr = 486.89 | Dx = 1.627 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -C 2yc | Cell parameters from 3754 reflections |
a = 17.0221 (15) Å | θ = 2.5–26.9° |
b = 8.2387 (7) Å | µ = 2.78 mm−1 |
c = 14.7510 (13) Å | T = 297 K |
β = 106.105 (1)° | Block, colourless |
V = 1987.5 (3) Å3 | 0.32 × 0.25 × 0.11 mm |
Z = 4 |
Bruker Smart APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 1746 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1693 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.035 |
phi and ω scans | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.5° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SAINT-Plus; Bruker, 2000) | h = −19→20 |
Tmin = 0.452, Tmax = 0.738 | k = −9→9 |
6916 measured reflections | l = −17→17 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.027 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.060 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.24 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.P)2 + 3.2594P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1746 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
108 parameters | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.47 e Å−3 |
[SnBr0.65Cl1.35(C9H12N)2] | V = 1987.5 (3) Å3 |
Mr = 486.89 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 17.0221 (15) Å | µ = 2.78 mm−1 |
b = 8.2387 (7) Å | T = 297 K |
c = 14.7510 (13) Å | 0.32 × 0.25 × 0.11 mm |
β = 106.105 (1)° |
Bruker Smart APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer | 1746 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SAINT-Plus; Bruker, 2000) | 1693 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.452, Tmax = 0.738 | Rint = 0.035 |
6916 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.027 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.060 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.24 | Δρmax = 0.36 e Å−3 |
1746 reflections | Δρmin = −0.47 e Å−3 |
108 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Br1 | 1.04832 (5) | 0.42622 (9) | 0.36987 (5) | 0.0721 (3) | 0.325 (3) |
Cl1 | 1.04832 (5) | 0.42622 (9) | 0.36987 (5) | 0.0721 (3) | 0.675 (3) |
Sn1 | 1.0000 | 0.64336 (4) | 0.2500 | 0.03453 (12) | |
C1 | 0.89182 (18) | 0.7072 (4) | 0.2862 (2) | 0.0386 (7) | |
C6 | 0.8831 (2) | 0.6785 (4) | 0.3757 (2) | 0.0455 (8) | |
H6 | 0.9254 | 0.6293 | 0.4212 | 0.055* | |
C2 | 0.8274 (2) | 0.7761 (5) | 0.2181 (3) | 0.0517 (9) | |
C5 | 0.8125 (2) | 0.7221 (5) | 0.3982 (3) | 0.0589 (10) | |
H5 | 0.8072 | 0.7022 | 0.4583 | 0.071* | |
C4 | 0.7506 (3) | 0.7942 (6) | 0.3318 (3) | 0.0714 (12) | |
H4 | 0.7035 | 0.8260 | 0.3472 | 0.086* | |
C3 | 0.7572 (2) | 0.8206 (6) | 0.2424 (3) | 0.0707 (12) | |
H3 | 0.7141 | 0.8688 | 0.1975 | 0.085* | |
N1 | 0.91474 (19) | 0.8322 (4) | 0.1136 (2) | 0.0547 (8) | |
C7 | 0.8321 (2) | 0.7923 (6) | 0.1177 (3) | 0.0653 (11) | |
H7A | 0.8150 | 0.6911 | 0.0845 | 0.078* | |
H7B | 0.7947 | 0.8766 | 0.0860 | 0.078* | |
C8 | 0.9324 (3) | 1.0031 (5) | 0.1373 (3) | 0.0785 (13) | |
H8A | 0.8954 | 1.0700 | 0.0915 | 0.118* | |
H8B | 0.9876 | 1.0269 | 0.1371 | 0.118* | |
H8C | 0.9259 | 1.0246 | 0.1987 | 0.118* | |
C9 | 0.9204 (3) | 0.8054 (7) | 0.0157 (3) | 0.0838 (15) | |
H9A | 0.8810 | 0.8724 | −0.0273 | 0.126* | |
H9B | 0.9096 | 0.6934 | −0.0012 | 0.126* | |
H9C | 0.9744 | 0.8331 | 0.0124 | 0.126* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Br1 | 0.0787 (5) | 0.0714 (5) | 0.0805 (6) | 0.0373 (4) | 0.0458 (4) | 0.0378 (4) |
Cl1 | 0.0787 (5) | 0.0714 (5) | 0.0805 (6) | 0.0373 (4) | 0.0458 (4) | 0.0378 (4) |
Sn1 | 0.03419 (18) | 0.03473 (18) | 0.04017 (19) | 0.000 | 0.01949 (13) | 0.000 |
C1 | 0.0344 (16) | 0.0371 (17) | 0.0486 (19) | 0.0027 (13) | 0.0187 (15) | −0.0014 (14) |
C6 | 0.0446 (19) | 0.048 (2) | 0.050 (2) | 0.0021 (15) | 0.0240 (16) | −0.0028 (16) |
C2 | 0.0413 (19) | 0.061 (2) | 0.056 (2) | 0.0070 (17) | 0.0187 (17) | 0.0090 (18) |
C5 | 0.058 (2) | 0.068 (3) | 0.063 (2) | 0.003 (2) | 0.036 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
C4 | 0.052 (2) | 0.084 (3) | 0.093 (3) | 0.015 (2) | 0.045 (2) | 0.002 (3) |
C3 | 0.044 (2) | 0.082 (3) | 0.089 (3) | 0.018 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.013 (2) |
N1 | 0.0518 (18) | 0.068 (2) | 0.0470 (17) | 0.0091 (15) | 0.0181 (14) | 0.0161 (15) |
C7 | 0.045 (2) | 0.088 (3) | 0.059 (2) | 0.009 (2) | 0.0076 (18) | 0.019 (2) |
C8 | 0.090 (3) | 0.062 (3) | 0.085 (3) | 0.004 (2) | 0.026 (3) | 0.022 (2) |
C9 | 0.084 (3) | 0.121 (4) | 0.050 (2) | 0.019 (3) | 0.024 (2) | 0.030 (3) |
Br1—Sn1 | 2.4893 (7) | C4—H4 | 0.9300 |
Sn1—C1 | 2.121 (3) | C3—H3 | 0.9300 |
Sn1—C1i | 2.121 (3) | N1—C7 | 1.462 (5) |
Sn1—Cl1i | 2.4893 (7) | N1—C8 | 1.462 (5) |
Sn1—Br1i | 2.4893 (7) | N1—C9 | 1.491 (5) |
C1—C2 | 1.387 (5) | C7—H7A | 0.9700 |
C1—C6 | 1.389 (5) | C7—H7B | 0.9700 |
C6—C5 | 1.380 (5) | C8—H8A | 0.9600 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C8—H8B | 0.9600 |
C2—C3 | 1.389 (5) | C8—H8C | 0.9600 |
C2—C7 | 1.510 (5) | C9—H9A | 0.9600 |
C5—C4 | 1.360 (6) | C9—H9B | 0.9600 |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C9—H9C | 0.9600 |
C4—C3 | 1.372 (6) | ||
C1—Sn1—C1i | 151.30 (17) | C4—C3—C2 | 120.8 (4) |
C1—Sn1—Cl1i | 102.61 (9) | C4—C3—H3 | 119.6 |
C1i—Sn1—Cl1i | 97.93 (9) | C2—C3—H3 | 119.6 |
C1—Sn1—Br1i | 102.61 (9) | C7—N1—C8 | 110.1 (3) |
C1i—Sn1—Br1i | 97.93 (9) | C7—N1—C9 | 109.2 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Br1i | 0.00 (4) | C8—N1—C9 | 108.0 (3) |
C1—Sn1—Br1 | 97.93 (9) | N1—C7—C2 | 112.0 (3) |
C1i—Sn1—Br1 | 102.61 (9) | N1—C7—H7A | 109.2 |
Cl1i—Sn1—Br1 | 88.11 (4) | C2—C7—H7A | 109.2 |
Br1i—Sn1—Br1 | 88.11 (4) | N1—C7—H7B | 109.2 |
C2—C1—C6 | 119.2 (3) | C2—C7—H7B | 109.2 |
C2—C1—Sn1 | 119.1 (2) | H7A—C7—H7B | 107.9 |
C6—C1—Sn1 | 121.8 (2) | N1—C8—H8A | 109.5 |
C5—C6—C1 | 120.9 (3) | N1—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.6 | H8A—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
C1—C6—H6 | 119.6 | N1—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C1—C2—C3 | 119.0 (4) | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C1—C2—C7 | 120.0 (3) | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C3—C2—C7 | 120.9 (3) | N1—C9—H9A | 109.5 |
C4—C5—C6 | 119.6 (4) | N1—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.2 | H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.2 | N1—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C5—C4—C3 | 120.5 (4) | H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.7 | H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.7 | ||
C1i—Sn1—C1—C2 | 70.1 (3) | C6—C1—C2—C7 | −173.7 (4) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C1—C2 | −64.6 (3) | Sn1—C1—C2—C7 | 4.9 (5) |
Br1i—Sn1—C1—C2 | −64.6 (3) | C1—C6—C5—C4 | −0.1 (6) |
Br1—Sn1—C1—C2 | −154.4 (3) | C6—C5—C4—C3 | 1.5 (7) |
C1i—Sn1—C1—C6 | −111.4 (3) | C5—C4—C3—C2 | −0.8 (7) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C1—C6 | 113.9 (3) | C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.3 (7) |
Br1i—Sn1—C1—C6 | 113.9 (3) | C7—C2—C3—C4 | 175.0 (4) |
Br1—Sn1—C1—C6 | 24.1 (3) | C8—N1—C7—C2 | −75.8 (4) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −2.0 (5) | C9—N1—C7—C2 | 165.8 (4) |
Sn1—C1—C6—C5 | 179.5 (3) | C1—C2—C7—N1 | −37.0 (5) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 2.6 (6) | C3—C2—C7—N1 | 146.8 (4) |
Sn1—C1—C2—C3 | −178.8 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, y, −z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [SnBr0.65Cl1.35(C9H12N)2] |
Mr | 486.89 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2/c |
Temperature (K) | 297 |
a, b, c (Å) | 17.0221 (15), 8.2387 (7), 14.7510 (13) |
β (°) | 106.105 (1) |
V (Å3) | 1987.5 (3) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 2.78 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.32 × 0.25 × 0.11 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker Smart APEX CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SAINT-Plus; Bruker, 2000) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.452, 0.738 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 6916, 1746, 1693 |
Rint | 0.035 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.027, 0.060, 1.24 |
No. of reflections | 1746 |
No. of parameters | 108 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.36, −0.47 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 2000), SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2000), SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006), publCIF (Westrip, 2007).
Y—H···Cg | Y—H | H···Cg | Y···Cg | Y—H···Cg |
C3—H3···Cg1ii | 0.93 | 3.19 | 3.78 (1) | 123 |
Symmetry code: (ii) -1/2 + x, 1/2 + y, z. Cg1 is the centroid of the benzene ring C1–C6. |
D-H···A | D-H | H···A | D···A | D-H···A |
C4-H4···Cl1ii/Br1ii | 0.93 | 2.87 | 3.798 (5) | 173 |
C6-H6···Cl1iii/Br1iii | 0.93 | 3.02 | 3.710 (3) | 132 |
Symmetry code: (ii) -0.5+x, 0.5+y, z, (iii) 2-x, 1-y, 1-z. |
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the National University Research Council (CEEX 63/2006) is greatly appreciated. We also thank the National Center for X-Ray Diffraction, Cluj-Napoca, for help with the solid-state structure determination.
References
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During our work on hypervalent organotin(IV) compounds with the [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]Sn fragment (Varga et al., 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, Rotar et al. 2007), the title compound (I) was isolated. It contains two 2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4 units bonded to a tin atom which lies on a twofold axis of the space group C2/c. The compound exhibits substitutional disorder of both halide atoms bonded to the Sn with chlorine being the major (1.35) and the bromine the minor (0.65) component.
The structure of [2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4]2SnCl2 was also determined (Varga et al., 2001) and is isomorphous with the title compound. Both have space group C2/c; the cell constants as well as the volume differ slightly (0.39% increase for the title compound) as the result of the presence of a different halide in the molecular unit.
The molecules of the compound feature a metal atom strongly coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the pendant arms [Sn—N1 = 2.64 (1) Å; the Sn—N distance exceeds the sum of the covalent radii for the corresponding atoms, Σcov(Sn,N) = 2.1 Å (Emsley, 1994)] trans to an Sn–halogen bond (N1—Sn1—X1 = 165.8°). This results in a (C,N)2SnX2 (X = Cl/Br) core in the title compound with a trans-SnC2 fragment, while the N and X atoms are cis positions (Fig. 1). The octahedral geometry around the Sn atom is distorted from the ideal geometry as a consequence of the small 'bite' of the pendant arm ligand [C1—Sn1—N1 = 71.4°] and the steric repulsion between the organic groups bonded to the Sn atoms. All these features are similar to the corresponding dichloride.
As a result of the intramolecular coordination of the nitrogen to the tin atom a five-membered SnC3N ring is formed. This ring is not planar but is folded along the Sn(1)···Cmethylene axis with the N atom out of the best plane defined by the residual SnC3, thus inducing planar chirality, with the phenyl ring as chiral plane and the nitrogen as pilot atom (IUPAC, 1979). Indeed, the compound crystallizes as a racemate, i.e. a mixture of RN1RN1i and SN1SN1i [symmetry code: (i) 2 - x, y, 0.5 - z].
In the crystal of the title compound intermolecular interactions, i.e. hydrogen bond type interactions and H···phenyl interactions (Fig. 2), give rise to a supramolecular array. If only chlorine is considered than layers are built of the same type of isomer [H4···X1ii = 2.87 Å, H3···Cg1ii = 3.19 Å; symmetry code: (ii) -1/2 + x, 1/2 + y, z] along the ab plane (Fig. 3). If bromine is taken into account, than alternating parallel layers of RN1RN1i and SN1SN1i isomers are bridged through weak H6···X1iii [3.02 Å; symmetry code: (iii) 2 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z] interactions resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture (Fig. 4).