Experimental
Crystal data
C10H8N2·C8H10O8 Mr = 390.34 Triclinic, a = 5.642 (4) Å b = 6.966 (4) Å c = 11.680 (8) Å α = 73.55 (5)° β = 81.34 (5)° γ = 73.85 (5)° V = 421.6 (5) Å3 Z = 1 Mo Kα radiation μ = 0.12 mm−1 T = 100 (2) K 0.40 × 0.18 × 0.04 mm
|
Data collection
Oxford Diffraction KM-4-CCD diffractometer Absorption correction: none 3650 measured reflections 1946 independent reflections 1034 reflections with I > 2σ(I) Rint = 0.030
|
D—H⋯A | D—H | H⋯A | D⋯A | D—H⋯A | O11—H1A⋯N1 | 0.84 | 1.73 | 2.565 (3) | 173 | N1—H1B⋯O11 | 0.88 | 1.69 | 2.565 (3) | 177 | O12—H12⋯O21iii | 0.84 | 1.91 | 2.747 (3) | 175 | Symmetry code: (iii) -x+1, -y, -z+2. | |
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2006); cell refinement: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2006); data reduction: CrysAlis RED; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
4,4'-Bipyridine and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid were purchased from Merck. A solution of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (1.5 mmol) in hot water (250 ml) was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred suspension of 4,4'-bipyridine (2.5 mmol) in water (25 ml) over a period of 5 min. and was heated to obtain a homogeneous solution. The solution was slowly cooled to room temperature. The resulting crystals in form of colourless plates were filtered and recrystallized from water.
The presence of short O···H···N hydrogen bond is confirmed by the IR spectrum collected in KBr pellet, which shows presence of broad bands ascribed to O···H···N vibrations.
All H atoms were localized from difference Fourier maps. Subsequently, the H atoms bonded to C atoms were included in the model using the riding model approximation with Uiso set at 1.2 Ueq(parent atom). The H12 atom bonded to the O12 atom was kept using AFIX 147 restraint with Uiso set at 1.2 Ueq (parent atom). The H1 atom (participating in strong O···H···N hydrogen bond) Ueq was refined isotropically and was localized at the centre of the O···N distance. On an examination of a difference Fourier map, the structure was re-refined with this H1 atom disordered over two positions (H1A and H1B): one position nearer to the O11 atom and one position nearer to the N1 atom. For both components the standard O—H and N—H distances were fixed accordingly. The final refined occupancy factors are 0.59 (3) and 0.41 for the major (H1A) and for the minor (H1B) component, respectively. An examination of the resulting difference Fourier map showed that the highest peak of 0.48 e Å-3 was located 1 Å from the C21A atom. This was interpreted as slight disorder of the methylene moiety, i.e. over two positions. The disorder was modelled imposing soft SADI restraints (with the allowed deviation of 0.02) on the C–C bond lengths in both components. The positions of the C31 and C11 atoms, bonded to the higher–occupancy C21A component and to the lower–occupancy C21B component were assumed to be the same for both components. The final refined occupancy factors are 0.940 (6) and 0.060 for the higher- and lower-occupancy components, respectively.
Data collection: CrysAlis CCD (Oxford Diffraction, 2006); cell refinement: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2006); data reduction: CrysAlis RED (Oxford Diffraction, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).
4,4'-Bipyridine–butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (1/1)
top Crystal data top C10H8N2·C8H10O8 | Z = 1 |
Mr = 390.34 | F(000) = 204 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.537 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 5.642 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 3002 reflections |
b = 6.966 (4) Å | θ = 2–35° |
c = 11.680 (8) Å | µ = 0.12 mm−1 |
α = 73.55 (5)° | T = 100 K |
β = 81.34 (5)° | Plate, colourless |
γ = 73.85 (5)° | 0.40 × 0.18 × 0.04 mm |
V = 421.6 (5) Å3 | |
Data collection top Oxford Diffraction KM-4-CCD diffractometer | 1034 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.030 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 28.4°, θmin = 3.2° |
ω scans | h = −7→7 |
3650 measured reflections | k = −7→9 |
1946 independent reflections | l = −15→15 |
Refinement top Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.027P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1946 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
135 parameters | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
2 restraints | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
Crystal data top C10H8N2·C8H10O8 | γ = 73.85 (5)° |
Mr = 390.34 | V = 421.6 (5) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 1 |
a = 5.642 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 6.966 (4) Å | µ = 0.12 mm−1 |
c = 11.680 (8) Å | T = 100 K |
α = 73.55 (5)° | 0.40 × 0.18 × 0.04 mm |
β = 81.34 (5)° | |
Data collection top Oxford Diffraction KM-4-CCD diffractometer | 1034 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
3650 measured reflections | Rint = 0.030 |
1946 independent reflections | |
Refinement top R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | 2 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
1946 reflections | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
135 parameters | |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top | x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) |
O11 | 0.4836 (2) | 0.4390 (2) | 0.68732 (11) | 0.0338 (4) | |
H1A | 0.6275 | 0.3764 | 0.6676 | 0.051* | 0.59 (3) |
N1 | 0.9093 (3) | 0.2488 (2) | 0.61058 (14) | 0.0231 (4) | |
H1B | 0.7625 | 0.3105 | 0.6381 | 0.035* | 0.41 (3) |
C2 | 1.0784 (3) | 0.1253 (3) | 0.68554 (17) | 0.0265 (5) | |
H2 | 1.0378 | 0.1051 | 0.7693 | 0.032* | |
C3 | 1.3105 (3) | 0.0261 (3) | 0.64525 (16) | 0.0272 (5) | |
H3 | 1.4260 | −0.0608 | 0.7012 | 0.033* | |
C4 | 1.3754 (3) | 0.0531 (3) | 0.52342 (16) | 0.0208 (4) | |
C5 | 1.1967 (3) | 0.1826 (3) | 0.44570 (16) | 0.0232 (5) | |
H5 | 1.2318 | 0.2059 | 0.3615 | 0.028* | |
C6 | 0.9677 (3) | 0.2764 (3) | 0.49322 (16) | 0.0237 (5) | |
H6 | 0.8475 | 0.3640 | 0.4398 | 0.028* | |
C11 | 0.1384 (3) | 0.4629 (3) | 0.97960 (16) | 0.0276 (5) | |
H11 | 0.2287 | 0.5506 | 1.0016 | 0.033* | |
C21A | 0.1846 (4) | 0.4914 (3) | 0.84558 (17) | 0.0250 (7) | 0.940 (6) |
H21A | 0.1416 | 0.6412 | 0.8062 | 0.030* | 0.940 (6) |
H21B | 0.0719 | 0.4285 | 0.8193 | 0.030* | 0.940 (6) |
C31 | 0.4490 (4) | 0.3983 (3) | 0.80273 (18) | 0.0271 (5) | |
O21 | 0.6106 (2) | 0.29297 (19) | 0.87162 (11) | 0.0272 (3) | |
C12 | 0.2377 (3) | 0.2422 (3) | 1.05080 (18) | 0.0262 (5) | |
O12 | 0.1933 (2) | 0.1051 (2) | 1.00261 (12) | 0.0316 (4) | |
H12 | 0.2479 | −0.0148 | 1.0450 | 0.047* | |
O22 | 0.3354 (2) | 0.1971 (2) | 1.14272 (12) | 0.0387 (4) | |
C21B | 0.290 (6) | 0.552 (3) | 0.875 (2) | 0.014 (9)* | 0.060 (6) |
H21C | 0.4014 | 0.6144 | 0.9028 | 0.017* | 0.060 (6) |
H21D | 0.1785 | 0.6655 | 0.8207 | 0.017* | 0.060 (6) |
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top | U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 |
O11 | 0.0236 (8) | 0.0379 (10) | 0.0249 (9) | 0.0087 (7) | 0.0034 (6) | −0.0030 (7) |
N1 | 0.0167 (9) | 0.0238 (10) | 0.0249 (10) | 0.0016 (7) | 0.0005 (7) | −0.0074 (8) |
C2 | 0.0243 (11) | 0.0321 (12) | 0.0190 (11) | −0.0009 (10) | 0.0012 (9) | −0.0073 (9) |
C3 | 0.0207 (11) | 0.0308 (12) | 0.0233 (12) | 0.0025 (9) | −0.0028 (9) | −0.0042 (10) |
C4 | 0.0178 (10) | 0.0214 (11) | 0.0220 (11) | −0.0027 (8) | 0.0003 (9) | −0.0066 (9) |
C5 | 0.0242 (11) | 0.0228 (11) | 0.0191 (11) | −0.0023 (9) | 0.0016 (9) | −0.0051 (9) |
C6 | 0.0226 (11) | 0.0224 (11) | 0.0202 (11) | 0.0001 (9) | −0.0043 (9) | −0.0006 (9) |
C11 | 0.0227 (11) | 0.0240 (12) | 0.0251 (11) | 0.0066 (9) | 0.0032 (9) | −0.0036 (9) |
C21A | 0.0237 (13) | 0.0196 (13) | 0.0236 (13) | 0.0035 (10) | −0.0008 (10) | −0.0021 (10) |
C31 | 0.0285 (12) | 0.0209 (12) | 0.0264 (12) | −0.0009 (10) | 0.0038 (10) | −0.0056 (10) |
O21 | 0.0232 (7) | 0.0243 (8) | 0.0267 (8) | 0.0026 (6) | −0.0017 (7) | −0.0035 (7) |
C12 | 0.0179 (11) | 0.0265 (12) | 0.0268 (12) | 0.0039 (9) | 0.0072 (9) | −0.0088 (10) |
O12 | 0.0290 (8) | 0.0227 (8) | 0.0353 (9) | 0.0008 (7) | −0.0042 (7) | −0.0015 (7) |
O22 | 0.0421 (9) | 0.0361 (9) | 0.0264 (8) | 0.0121 (7) | −0.0098 (7) | −0.0076 (7) |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top N1—C6 | 1.332 (2) | C4—C5 | 1.400 (3) |
N1—C2 | 1.336 (2) | C4—C4i | 1.497 (4) |
C31—O11 | 1.293 (3) | C5—C6 | 1.387 (3) |
C31—O21 | 1.237 (2) | C5—H5 | 0.95 |
C12—O12 | 1.331 (2) | C6—H6 | 0.95 |
C12—O22 | 1.202 (2) | C11—C21A | 1.512 (3) |
O11—C31 | 1.293 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.519 (3) |
O11—H1A | 0.84 | C11—C11ii | 1.549 (4) |
N1—H1B | 0.88 | C11—H11 | 1.00 |
C2—C3 | 1.382 (3) | C21A—C31 | 1.523 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.95 | C21A—H21A | 0.99 |
C3—C4 | 1.387 (3) | C21A—H21B | 0.99 |
C3—H3 | 0.95 | O12—H12 | 0.84 |
| | | |
C6—N1—C2 | 118.6 (2) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.4 |
C21A—C11—C12 | 113.4 (2) | N1—C6—C5 | 122.73 (17) |
C21A—C11—C11ii | 113.0 (2) | N1—C6—H6 | 118.6 |
O21—C31—O11 | 124.2 (2) | C5—C6—H6 | 118.6 |
O22—C12—O12 | 124.0 (2) | C12—C11—C11ii | 109.00 (19) |
C31—O11—H1A | 109.5 | C21A—C11—H11 | 107.0 |
C6—N1—H1B | 120.7 | C12—C11—H11 | 107.0 |
C2—N1—H1B | 120.7 | C11ii—C11—H11 | 107.0 |
N1—C2—C3 | 122.18 (18) | C11—C21A—C31 | 114.83 (18) |
N1—C2—H2 | 118.9 | C11—C21A—H21A | 108.6 |
C3—C2—H2 | 118.9 | C31—C21A—H21A | 108.6 |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.20 (18) | C11—C21A—H21B | 108.6 |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.9 | C31—C21A—H21B | 108.6 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.9 | H21A—C21A—H21B | 107.5 |
C3—C4—C5 | 117.12 (17) | O21—C31—C21A | 123.24 (18) |
C3—C4—C4i | 121.7 (2) | O11—C31—C21A | 112.54 (18) |
C5—C4—C4i | 121.2 (2) | O22—C12—C11 | 123.9 (2) |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.19 (17) | O12—C12—C11 | 112.07 (18) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.4 | C12—O12—H12 | 109.5 |
| | | |
C6—N1—C2—C3 | 0.0 (3) | C11ii—C11—C21A—C31 | −173.3 (2) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.1 (3) | C11—C21A—C31—O21 | 5.5 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.2 (3) | C11—C21A—C31—O11 | −175.45 (18) |
C2—C3—C4—C4i | −179.6 (2) | C21A—C11—C12—O22 | 141.0 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.1 (3) | C11ii—C11—C12—O22 | −92.2 (3) |
C4i—C4—C5—C6 | 179.53 (19) | C21A—C11—C12—O12 | −42.0 (2) |
C2—N1—C6—C5 | −0.1 (3) | C11ii—C11—C12—O12 | 84.8 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—N1 | 0.0 (3) | C5—C4—C4i—C3i | 0.6 (4) |
C12—C11—C21A—C31 | −48.6 (3) | | |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+3, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z+2. |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O11—H1A···N1 | 0.84 | 1.73 | 2.565 (3) | 173 |
N1—H1B···O11 | 0.88 | 1.69 | 2.565 (3) | 177 |
O12—H12···O21iii | 0.84 | 1.91 | 2.747 (3) | 175 |
Symmetry code: (iii) −x+1, −y, −z+2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data |
Chemical formula | C10H8N2·C8H10O8 |
Mr | 390.34 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 5.642 (4), 6.966 (4), 11.680 (8) |
α, β, γ (°) | 73.55 (5), 81.34 (5), 73.85 (5) |
V (Å3) | 421.6 (5) |
Z | 1 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.12 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.40 × 0.18 × 0.04 |
|
Data collection |
Diffractometer | Oxford Diffraction KM-4-CCD diffractometer |
Absorption correction | – |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 3650, 1946, 1034 |
Rint | 0.030 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.670 |
|
Refinement |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.045, 0.083, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 1946 |
No. of parameters | 135 |
No. of restraints | 2 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.30, −0.19 |
Selected geometric parameters (Å, º) topN1—C6 | 1.332 (2) | C31—O21 | 1.237 (2) |
N1—C2 | 1.336 (2) | C12—O12 | 1.331 (2) |
C31—O11 | 1.293 (3) | C12—O22 | 1.202 (2) |
| | | |
C6—N1—C2 | 118.6 (2) | O21—C31—O11 | 124.2 (2) |
C21A—C11—C12 | 113.4 (2) | O22—C12—O12 | 124.0 (2) |
C21A—C11—C11i | 113.0 (2) | | |
| | | |
C12—C11—C21A—C31 | −48.6 (3) | | |
Symmetry code: (i) −x, −y+1, −z+2. |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O11—H1A···N1 | 0.84 | 1.73 | 2.565 (3) | 173 |
N1—H1B···O11 | 0.88 | 1.69 | 2.565 (3) | 177 |
O12—H12···O21ii | 0.84 | 1.91 | 2.747 (3) | 174.7 |
Symmetry code: (ii) −x+1, −y, −z+2. |
References
Barnes, H. A. & Barnes, J. C. (1996). Acta Cryst. C52, 731–736. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
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| CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS |
ISSN: 2056-9890
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Systems with short O···H···N hydrogen bonds have been widely studied. A correlation of the geometric parameters defining the O···H···N bridge for amine - phenol complexes and the pKa values has been established (Majerz et al., 1997 and references therein). It was shown that the shortest O···N distances of about 2.52 Å are realised when the proton is near the centre of the O···H···N bridge. The first example of a crystal structure of this type to be investigated using neutron diffraction was the adduct of 2–methylpyridine and pentachlorophenol (Steiner et al., 2000). Also, temperature-dependent neutron diffraction studies have been performed, for example, on the 1:2 co–crystal of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine (Cowan et al., 2003). One of the shortest known O···H···N hydrogen bonds was observed in the crystal structure of 4–methylpyridine and pentachlorophenol (Steiner et al., 2001) with the O···N distance of 2.506 (3) Å at 20 K and the H atom essentially at the centre of the O and N atoms.
The title crystal is an example of a system with short O···H···N hydrogen bonds with the O···N distance being 2.565 (3) Å. It contains butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), which has been widely used as a cross-linking agent for cotton fabrics (Wang & Chen, 2005) and also in crystal engineering studies of hydrogen bonding arrays (Barnes & Barnes, 1996). Attempts to obtain the acid in crystalline form have so far been unsuccessful (Barnes & Barnes, 1996).
The crystal structure comprises 4,4'-bipyridine and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid in a 1:1 ratio (Fig. 1 & Table 1). Both components are centrosymmetric. The carboxylic acid groups with C31 and C12 atoms are gauche with the C12—C11—C21A—C31 torsion angle being -48.6 (3)°. These groups are mutually twisted with the interplanar angle between the planes defined by O12, O22, C12, C11 and O11, O21, C31, C21A, respectively, being 73.7 (1)°.
There are only two reports of crystal structures containing anions of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid: the structure of its ammonium (Barnes & Barnes, 1996) and guanidinium (McKee & Najafpour, 2007) salts. In both of these structures, the anions are centrosymmetric and not protonated. However, the conformation of the anion resembles that reported here with the torsion angles equivalent to C31—C21A—C11—C12 being -61.1 (2)° in the guanidinium salt (McKee & Najafpour, 2007), and -55.2 (2)° and -60.9 (2)° for the two symmetry independent anions in the ammonium salt (Barnes & Barnes, 1996).
The centrosymmetric 4,4'-bipyridine molecule is planar and its geometric parameters are comparable to other reported cases of planar molecule of this formula (e.g. Wang & Wei, 2006).
The butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine molecules are connected by short O···H···N hydrogen bonds (with H atom disordered over two positions - nearer to the O and nearer to the N atom with the occupancy factors of 0.59 (3) and 0.41, respectively) to form chains extending approximately along [311] (Fig. 2). In each such hydrogen bond the O···N distance is 2.565 (3) Å (Table 2). The chains are interconnected by the O—H···O hydrogen bonds where the O12 atom from one of the carboxylic groups participates as the donor and the O21 atom from the other carboxylic group as acceptor (Table 2). Thus, R22(14) motifs are formed (Etter et al., 1990). The chains also interact through weak stacking interactions between the pyridyl rings (Fig. 2) with the distance between the rings centroids of 3.73 (2) Å. The interplanar distance between the planes of interacting rings is 3.35 (1) Å.