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Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890

(E)-N′-Benzyl­­idene-p-toluene­sulfono­hydrazide

aDepartment of Chemistry, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, 77176, Iran, bX-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia, cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, and dDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
*Correspondence e-mail: mehraby_h@yahoo.com

(Received 17 August 2008; accepted 23 August 2008; online 30 August 2008)

In the title compound, C14H14N2O2S, a novel sulfonamide derivative, an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(5) ring motif. The mol­ecule adopts a twisted E configuration around the C=N bond. An inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an R22(8) ring motif. The dihedral angle between the rings is 85.37 (9)°. The H atoms of the methyl group have rotational disorder with refined site occupancies of ca 0.63/0.37. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link neighbouring mol­ecules into dimers which stack along the a axis with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.8856 (10) Å.

Related literature

For bond-length data, see: Allen et al. (1987[Allen, F. H., Kennard, O., Watson, D. G., Brammer, L., Orpen, A. G. & Taylor, R. (1987). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, pp. S1-S19.]). For hydrogen-bond motifs, see: Bernstein et al. (1995[Bernstein, J., Davis, R. E., Shimoni, L. & Chang, N.-L. (1995). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 1555-1573.]). For related structures and applications, see, for example: Tabatabaee et al. (2007[Tabatabaee, M., Anari-Abbasnejad, M., Nozari, N., Sadegheian, S. & Ghasemzadeh, M. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o2099-o2100.]); Ali et al. (2007[Ali, H. M., Laila, M., Wan Jefrey, B. & Ng, S. W. (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, o1617-o1618.]); Tierney et al. (2006[Tierney, L. M., McPhee, S. J. & Papadakis, M. A. (2006). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th ed., pp. 1-50. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.]); Krygowski et al. (1998[Krygowski, T. M., Pietka, E., Anulewicz, R., Cyranski, M. K. & Nowacki, J. (1998). Tetrahedron, 54, 12289-12292.]); Kayser et al. (2004[Kayser, F. H., Bienz, K. A., Eckert, J. & Zinkernagel, R. M. (2004). Medical Microbiology, pp. 1-20. Berlin: Thieme Medical.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C14H14N2O2S

  • Mr = 274.33

  • Monoclinic, P 21 /c

  • a = 5.9593 (7) Å

  • b = 9.6592 (7) Å

  • c = 23.712 (3) Å

  • β = 91.533 (9)°

  • V = 1364.4 (3) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.24 mm−1

  • T = 293 (2) K

  • 0.50 × 0.40 × 0.03 mm

Data collection
  • STOE IPDSII diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: numerical (X-SHAPE; Stoe & Cie, 2004[Stoe & Cie (2004). X-SHAPE. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.879, Tmax = 0.993

  • 8939 measured reflections

  • 3573 independent reflections

  • 3008 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.026

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041

  • wR(F2) = 0.110

  • S = 1.10

  • 3573 reflections

  • 195 parameters

  • H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

  • Δρmax = 0.23 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1N1⋯O1i 0.863 (19) 2.082 (19) 2.9446 (17) 177.0 (18)
C5—H5A⋯O2 0.93 2.54 2.9133 (18) 104
Symmetry code: (i) -x+1, -y, -z.

Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2005[Stoe & Cie (2005). X-AREA. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany.]); cell refinement: X-AREA; data reduction: X-AREA; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL and PLATON (Spek,2003[Spek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7-13.]).

Supporting information


Comment top

Sulfonamides were the first class of antimicrobial agents to be discovered. They inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase in the bacterial folic acid pathway. Although their clinical role has diminished, they are still useful in certain situations, because of its efficacy and low cost (Krygowski et al., 1998). Sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfafurazole) are structural analogs of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and compete with PABA to block its conversion to dihydrofolic acid. These agents are generally used in combination with other drugs (usually sulfonamides) to prevent or treat a number of bacterial and parasitic infections (Tierney et al., 2006). Some of the applications of sulfonamides are the anti-infective agents of choice, as follows: Bacteria as Human Pathogens, such as Antibiotic Treatment of Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacilli and Gram-negative Haemophilus ducreyi and Haemophilus aegyptius, Alternative Drug for treatment of Chlamydia related diseases (including C. trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumonia), Anti-malarial Agents as Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors, alternative drugs in tuberculosis treatment, long term treatment of leprosy, treatment of ocular infections. In the latter treatment causative organisms must be identified, and it is preferable to use a drug that is not given systemically. Sulfonamides are also assumed as permitted antibiotics in Pregnancy (Kayser et al., 2004).

The title compound (I) (Fig. 1), is a novel sulfonamide derivative. Bond lengths and angles are within the normal ranges (Allen et al., 1987) and are comparable with the similar staructures (Ali et al. 2007). An intramolecular C—H···O hydrogen bond generate S(5) ring motif (Bernstein et al., 1995). The molecule adopts a twisted E configuration around the CN. An intermolecular N—H···O hydrogen bond genarate R22(8) ring motif (Bernstein et al., 1995). The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 85.37 (9)°. None of the H atoms of the methyl group was clearly resolved in the difference Fourier map and they were disordered over six positions and refined with site-occupancy factors of 0.62 (3) and 0.38 (3) for the major and minor componenets, respectively. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H···O interactions link neighbouring molecules into dimers which stacked along the a-axis. The short distance between the centroids of the six-membered rings prove an exsistence of the π-π interactions with centroid to centroid dsiatnce of 3.8856 (10) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C—H···O, intermolecular N—H···O hydrogen bonds and π-π satcking.

Related literature top

For bond-length data, see: Allen et al. (1987). For hydrogen-bond motifs, see: Bernstein et al. (1995). For related structures and applications, see, for example: Tabatabaee et al. (2007); Ali et al. (2007); Tierney et al. (2006); Krygowski et al. (1998); Kayser et al. (2004).

Experimental top

p-Tosylhydrazine (3 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of benzaldehyde (3 mmol) in 2 ml of toluene at 20–25° C. The mixture was stirred for 6 h at 110° C. After cooling, the colorless crystalline solid was isolated by filtration, washed with cold toluene, and re-crystallized from ethanol.

Refinement top

H atom bound to N1 was located from a difference Fourier map and refined freely. The methyl hydrogen atoms were located from the difference Fourier map and refined freely with the parent atom. The rest of the hydrogen atoms were positioned geometrically and refined as riding model.

Computing details top

Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2005); cell refinement: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2005); data reduction: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek,2003).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, showing 40% probability displacement ellipsoids and the atomic numbering. Open bonds indicate the minor disordered component. Intramolecular hydrogen bond is shown as a dashed line.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The crystal packing of the major component of (I), viewed down the a-axis, showing staking arrangement of molecules. Intermolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed line.
(E)-N'-Benzylidene-p-toluenesulfonohydrazide top
Crystal data top
C14H14N2O2SF(000) = 576
Mr = 274.33Dx = 1.336 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 2500 reflections
a = 5.9593 (7) Åθ = 2.3–29.2°
b = 9.6592 (7) ŵ = 0.24 mm1
c = 23.712 (3) ÅT = 293 K
β = 91.533 (9)°Plate, colourless
V = 1364.4 (3) Å30.50 × 0.40 × 0.03 mm
Z = 4
Data collection top
STOE IPDSII
diffractometer
3573 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube3008 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.026
Detector resolution: 0.15 pixels mm-1θmax = 29.0°, θmin = 2.3°
ϕ scansh = 86
Absorption correction: numerical
(X-SHAPE; Stoe & Cie, 2004)
k = 1213
Tmin = 0.879, Tmax = 0.993l = 3232
8939 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.041Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.110H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.10 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0507P)2 + 0.2385P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3573 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
195 parametersΔρmax = 0.23 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.25 e Å3
Crystal data top
C14H14N2O2SV = 1364.4 (3) Å3
Mr = 274.33Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/cMo Kα radiation
a = 5.9593 (7) ŵ = 0.24 mm1
b = 9.6592 (7) ÅT = 293 K
c = 23.712 (3) Å0.50 × 0.40 × 0.03 mm
β = 91.533 (9)°
Data collection top
STOE IPDSII
diffractometer
3573 independent reflections
Absorption correction: numerical
(X-SHAPE; Stoe & Cie, 2004)
3008 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.879, Tmax = 0.993Rint = 0.026
8939 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0410 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.110H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.10Δρmax = 0.23 e Å3
3573 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.25 e Å3
195 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
S10.24869 (6)0.18884 (4)0.001194 (15)0.04475 (12)
O10.39754 (19)0.13796 (12)0.04087 (4)0.0555 (3)
O20.03368 (18)0.24148 (12)0.01555 (5)0.0572 (3)
N10.2191 (2)0.05429 (14)0.04190 (6)0.0531 (3)
H1N10.328 (3)0.004 (2)0.0425 (8)0.063 (5)*
N20.0856 (2)0.06535 (13)0.08855 (6)0.0500 (3)
C10.6026 (2)0.28675 (16)0.06340 (7)0.0504 (3)
H1A0.67060.20230.05580.060*
C20.7124 (3)0.38438 (18)0.09592 (7)0.0565 (4)
H2A0.85480.36480.11080.068*
C30.6147 (3)0.51220 (17)0.10705 (6)0.0542 (4)
C40.4028 (3)0.53993 (16)0.08404 (7)0.0551 (4)
H4A0.33670.62550.09050.066*
C50.2883 (2)0.44255 (15)0.05169 (6)0.0480 (3)
H5A0.14600.46190.03670.058*
C60.3884 (2)0.31589 (14)0.04191 (6)0.0418 (3)
C70.1133 (3)0.03135 (15)0.12464 (7)0.0509 (3)
H7A0.22600.09620.11920.061*
C80.0264 (3)0.04390 (16)0.17434 (6)0.0516 (3)
C90.0359 (3)0.1379 (2)0.21640 (7)0.0655 (4)
H9A0.16780.18850.21340.079*
C100.0980 (5)0.1566 (3)0.26284 (8)0.0807 (6)
H10A0.05550.21960.29080.097*
C110.2921 (5)0.0825 (3)0.26759 (9)0.0884 (7)
H11A0.38150.09530.29870.106*
C120.3558 (4)0.0115 (3)0.22621 (10)0.0858 (6)
H12A0.48760.06200.22960.103*
C130.2239 (3)0.0303 (2)0.17986 (8)0.0677 (5)
H13A0.26790.09330.15210.081*
C140.7396 (5)0.6169 (3)0.14314 (10)0.0776 (6)
H14A0.651 (10)0.695 (7)0.147 (3)0.116*0.63 (4)
H14B0.855 (10)0.656 (7)0.124 (2)0.116*0.63 (4)
H14C0.789 (11)0.581 (6)0.177 (2)0.116*0.63 (4)
H14D0.73 (2)0.714 (12)0.128 (4)0.116*0.37 (4)
H14E0.920 (16)0.579 (9)0.151 (4)0.116*0.37 (4)
H14F0.648 (17)0.625 (10)0.185 (4)0.116*0.37 (4)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S10.04108 (18)0.04409 (19)0.04919 (19)0.00320 (13)0.00301 (13)0.00108 (14)
O10.0593 (6)0.0565 (6)0.0512 (5)0.0086 (5)0.0097 (5)0.0032 (5)
O20.0440 (6)0.0602 (6)0.0668 (7)0.0048 (5)0.0070 (5)0.0030 (5)
N10.0518 (7)0.0427 (6)0.0656 (8)0.0037 (5)0.0150 (6)0.0018 (6)
N20.0461 (6)0.0451 (6)0.0592 (7)0.0026 (5)0.0096 (5)0.0020 (5)
C10.0421 (7)0.0527 (8)0.0564 (8)0.0078 (6)0.0017 (6)0.0020 (6)
C20.0445 (7)0.0672 (10)0.0573 (8)0.0030 (7)0.0046 (6)0.0058 (7)
C30.0606 (9)0.0558 (8)0.0463 (7)0.0140 (7)0.0025 (6)0.0044 (6)
C40.0635 (9)0.0421 (7)0.0600 (8)0.0010 (6)0.0065 (7)0.0005 (6)
C50.0424 (7)0.0448 (7)0.0568 (8)0.0051 (5)0.0011 (6)0.0043 (6)
C60.0376 (6)0.0437 (7)0.0442 (6)0.0017 (5)0.0049 (5)0.0045 (5)
C70.0494 (8)0.0433 (7)0.0601 (8)0.0005 (6)0.0041 (6)0.0039 (6)
C80.0559 (8)0.0472 (7)0.0515 (7)0.0083 (6)0.0007 (6)0.0062 (6)
C90.0745 (11)0.0648 (10)0.0568 (9)0.0035 (9)0.0053 (8)0.0001 (8)
C100.1072 (17)0.0847 (14)0.0501 (9)0.0107 (12)0.0013 (10)0.0050 (9)
C110.1082 (18)0.1013 (17)0.0570 (10)0.0159 (14)0.0253 (11)0.0081 (11)
C120.0802 (14)0.0963 (16)0.0823 (13)0.0054 (12)0.0281 (11)0.0057 (12)
C130.0655 (11)0.0687 (11)0.0695 (10)0.0047 (8)0.0135 (8)0.0040 (9)
C140.0961 (17)0.0716 (13)0.0646 (11)0.0275 (12)0.0085 (11)0.0039 (10)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
S1—O21.4250 (11)C7—H7A0.9300
S1—O11.4389 (11)C8—C131.387 (3)
S1—N11.6313 (14)C8—C91.392 (2)
S1—C61.7573 (14)C9—C101.389 (3)
N1—N21.3840 (18)C9—H9A0.9300
N1—H1N10.86 (2)C10—C111.368 (4)
N2—C71.274 (2)C10—H10A0.9300
C1—C21.373 (2)C11—C121.382 (3)
C1—C61.3908 (19)C11—H11A0.9300
C1—H1A0.9300C12—C131.380 (3)
C2—C31.393 (2)C12—H12A0.9300
C2—H2A0.9300C13—H13A0.9300
C3—C41.388 (2)C14—H14A0.93 (7)
C3—C141.509 (2)C14—H14B0.92 (6)
C4—C51.382 (2)C14—H14C0.92 (6)
C4—H4A0.9300C14—H14D1.00 (11)
C5—C61.3832 (19)C14—H14E1.15 (10)
C5—H5A0.9300C14—H14F1.15 (10)
C7—C81.466 (2)
O2—S1—O1119.68 (7)C10—C9—H9A119.8
O2—S1—N1109.79 (7)C8—C9—H9A119.8
O1—S1—N1102.50 (7)C11—C10—C9120.2 (2)
O2—S1—C6108.24 (7)C11—C10—H10A119.9
O1—S1—C6109.13 (7)C9—C10—H10A119.9
N1—S1—C6106.76 (7)C10—C11—C12120.1 (2)
N2—N1—S1119.01 (10)C10—C11—H11A119.9
N2—N1—H1N1119.1 (13)C12—C11—H11A119.9
S1—N1—H1N1116.1 (13)C13—C12—C11120.0 (2)
C7—N2—N1114.41 (13)C13—C12—H12A120.0
C2—C1—C6119.05 (14)C11—C12—H12A120.0
C2—C1—H1A120.5C12—C13—C8120.64 (19)
C6—C1—H1A120.5C12—C13—H13A119.7
C1—C2—C3121.33 (14)C8—C13—H13A119.7
C1—C2—H2A119.3C3—C14—H14A109 (4)
C3—C2—H2A119.3C3—C14—H14B111 (3)
C4—C3—C2118.47 (14)H14A—C14—H14B99 (4)
C4—C3—C14121.57 (19)C3—C14—H14C113 (3)
C2—C3—C14119.96 (19)H14A—C14—H14C112 (5)
C5—C4—C3121.13 (15)H14B—C14—H14C112 (5)
C5—C4—H4A119.4C3—C14—H14D113 (5)
C3—C4—H4A119.4H14A—C14—H14D41 (6)
C4—C5—C6119.10 (14)H14B—C14—H14D59 (5)
C4—C5—H5A120.4H14C—C14—H14D133 (6)
C6—C5—H5A120.4C3—C14—H14E109 (4)
C5—C6—C1120.88 (14)H14A—C14—H14E141 (5)
C5—C6—S1120.65 (11)H14B—C14—H14E60 (4)
C1—C6—S1118.47 (11)H14C—C14—H14E58 (4)
N2—C7—C8122.31 (14)H14D—C14—H14E114 (7)
N2—C7—H7A118.8C3—C14—H14F108 (4)
C8—C7—H7A118.8H14A—C14—H14F64 (5)
C13—C8—C9118.70 (16)H14B—C14—H14F141 (5)
C13—C8—C7122.31 (15)H14C—C14—H14F54 (4)
C9—C8—C7118.94 (16)H14D—C14—H14F102 (7)
C10—C9—C8120.3 (2)H14E—C14—H14F110 (6)
O2—S1—N1—N252.51 (14)N1—S1—C6—C5119.42 (12)
O1—S1—N1—N2179.27 (11)O2—S1—C6—C1179.55 (11)
C6—S1—N1—N264.61 (13)O1—S1—C6—C148.69 (13)
S1—N1—N2—C7164.31 (11)N1—S1—C6—C161.41 (13)
C6—C1—C2—C30.9 (2)N1—N2—C7—C8174.66 (13)
C1—C2—C3—C40.5 (2)N2—C7—C8—C1313.1 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C14179.77 (17)N2—C7—C8—C9169.75 (15)
C2—C3—C4—C51.2 (2)C13—C8—C9—C100.0 (3)
C14—C3—C4—C5179.06 (17)C7—C8—C9—C10177.21 (16)
C3—C4—C5—C60.5 (2)C8—C9—C10—C110.1 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C11.0 (2)C9—C10—C11—C120.1 (4)
C4—C5—C6—S1179.82 (11)C10—C11—C12—C130.3 (4)
C2—C1—C6—C51.7 (2)C11—C12—C13—C80.3 (3)
C2—C1—C6—S1179.11 (12)C9—C8—C13—C120.1 (3)
O2—S1—C6—C51.28 (14)C7—C8—C13—C12177.28 (18)
O1—S1—C6—C5130.48 (12)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1N1···O1i0.863 (19)2.082 (19)2.9446 (17)177.0 (18)
C5—H5A···O20.932.542.9133 (18)104
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y, z.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC14H14N2O2S
Mr274.33
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)5.9593 (7), 9.6592 (7), 23.712 (3)
β (°) 91.533 (9)
V3)1364.4 (3)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.24
Crystal size (mm)0.50 × 0.40 × 0.03
Data collection
DiffractometerSTOE IPDSII
diffractometer
Absorption correctionNumerical
(X-SHAPE; Stoe & Cie, 2004)
Tmin, Tmax0.879, 0.993
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
8939, 3573, 3008
Rint0.026
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.682
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.041, 0.110, 1.10
No. of reflections3573
No. of parameters195
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.23, 0.25

Computer programs: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2005), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek,2003).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1N1···O1i0.863 (19)2.082 (19)2.9446 (17)177.0 (18)
C5—H5A···O20.93002.54002.9133 (18)104.00
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y, z.
 

Footnotes

Additional correspondance author: e-mail: zsrkk@yahoo.com.

Acknowledgements

HM thanks Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan for the financial support of this work. RK thanks Universiti Sains Malaysia for a post-doctoral research fellowship. HM thanks Professor H.-K. Fun for helpful comments.

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